Active Earth Revision PDF

Active Earth Revision Rocks - Rock’s are solids made up of minerals and are formed by geological processes. - Classified by how they are formed Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks - They are formed when molten rocks cool and solidify either in or out of the volcano - Magma cools slowl...

Active Earth Revision Rocks - Rock’s are solids made up of minerals and are formed by geological processes. - Classified by how they are formed Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks - They are formed when molten rocks cool and solidify either in or out of the volcano - Magma cools slowly underground whereas lava cools quickly on the surface - Igneous rocks with large crystals form when magma cools slowly underground - Igneous rocks with small crystals form when lava cools quickly on the surface of the earth Sedimentary Rocks Rocks can be broken down in two ways: 1. Weathering is the breaking down of rock when it’s in the same place 2. Erosion is the wearing away and removal of rock - Sediment is when weathering and erosion break down rocks into tiny pieces or particles - Layers of sediment form when sediments are transported by wind, rivers and ocean current over thousands of years - The two processes that form sedimentary rocks are called compaction and cementation Metamorphic Rocks - Metamorphic rocks form when a rock has been changed by intense heat or pressure - Metamorphic rocks are different from their parent rocks because they have undergo an intense heat or pressure They are now: - Stronger - Crystal size and shape is different - Types of minerals have changed Minerals - Minerals are natural substances - They are the building blocks of all rock - Minerals have a crystal structure - Some rocks are made of only one mineral, while others are made of many Properties of minerals: Structure of the Earth - Pressure is the amount of force applied over a certain (pa) (gpa)