Science 9 Research 3 Q1_M2.pdf

STE/SSC   9      Redeveloped Divisi...

STE/SSC   9      Redeveloped Division Initiated Self-Learning Module Department of Education – Division of Palawan STE/SSC Research III – Grade 9 Redeveloped Division Initiated - Self-Learning Module Quarter 1 – Module 2: Parts of Research Proposal Second Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan Schools Division Superintendent: Roger F. Capa, CESO VI OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendents: Rufino B. Foz Arnaldo G. Ventura Development Team Writer: ESTELA L. CALLAO Editors: Diana G. Mercado, Natividad P. Derecho, Marianne R. Valdez Layout Artist: Mayrylle Joy E. Gara Reviewer: Rosalyn C. Gadiano Corazon A. Quintos Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez Rosalyn C. Gadiano Rodgie S. Demalinao Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region – Division of Palawan Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City Telephone: (048) 433-6392 E-mail Address: [email protected] Website: www.depedpalawan.com ii Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge of lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self- check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you. iii  Research III Parts of Research Proposal First Quarter Week 3 Review of Related Literature Learning Competency: Refines research proposal by incorporating the suggestions/recommendations given by the experts Objective/s : After going through this lesson, you are expected to: 1. Refine the research proposal by incorporating the suggestions/recommendations given by the expert. 2. Understand the different parts of the research paper..l What I Know Directions: Read the following questions carefully and write the letter of the correct answer. 1. The parts of research that contain the findings, investigation of other studies similar to your study? A. Review of Related literature C. Introduction B. Hypothesis D. Problem 2. It is a conducted study inquiry or investigation to which the present proposed research is related. A. Related literature C. Related studies B. Hypothesis D. Problem 3. Books, encyclopedias, magazines, and newspapers are sources for _______. A. Related literature C. Related studies B. Hypothesis D. Problem 4. It is the study of a research problem already conducted but in another place. A. Plagiarism C. Replication B. Duplication D. Conclusion 5. The study of research conducted both in the same locale using the same respondents is called_______ A. Plagiarism C. Replication B. Duplication D. Conclusion 1 6. This act of quoting or copying the exact words of write as your own words are known as_________. A. Plagiarism C. Replication B. Duplication D. Conclusion 7. The literature review is a brief overview of the articles or a re-statement of the studies previously done. A. True C. Incorrect B. False D. Somewhat true 8. In writing the literature review the ___________ identify the topic, the significance, and the importance of the review. A. Conclusion B. Introduction C. Body D. none 9. It is the ________ that discusses the significance of the result in a literature review. A. Conclusion B. Body C. Introduction D. none 10. This contains a summary of the researcher’s analysis from the literature review. A. Introduction B. Conclusion C. Body D. none 11. Which statement describes the characteristic of the review of related literature? A. The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible. B. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased. C. Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study D. All of the above. 12. The statement stated the importance of reviewing the literature for research. A. The writer is familiar with the relevant literature. B. Help and guide the investigator in locating more sources. C. Guide the researcher in selecting a better research problem. D. Both A and B 13. Which of the choices below is the purpose of writing the review of related literature? A. Help the researcher understand the topic B. Help and guide the investigator in locating more sources. C. Guide the researcher in selecting a better research problem. D. To recommend the necessity of further research study. 14. The first step in writing the review of related literature and or studies. A. Analyze the material sources B. Write and summarize C. Make research and read the related material source D. Present the rationale for the study. 15. The reason “why review a literature” in research? A. It is a must in research B. Contains the findings of other studies C. To evaluate the present study D. All of the above 2  What is It You have already learned how to write about the research problem and research title. Now you will have to learn more about how to write the review of related literature based upon the literature or studies done by other people as bases or support to the existing research. Are you ready? Why “review” literature? The review of literature is a must in research. It is the part of research that contains the findings of other studies and further investigation similar to the study. To understand and evaluate the results of the present study, there should be sufficient background information presented for the readers. Only the most and important studies and theories are written on the topic should be included. What is a Literature review? A literature review is the survey of all relevant literature to determine what is known and not known about a particular topic. It is about the summary of the literature needed in your chosen topic area. It also analyzes, interprets, and evaluates the relevant theories, points of view, methods, and gaps in the existing literature. For instance, if the present study deals with the effectiveness of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) in treating wounds the literature to be reviewed or surveyed should be composed of materials that deal with Aloe Vera. Review of Related Literature -The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible. Characteristics -Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased. -Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study -Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely original and true facts or data to make them valid and reliable. Usually, the length of a related review depends on the length of the research project. For an undergraduate thesis, from five to ten, ten to fifteen for a master’s thesis, and fifteen to twenty-five for a doctoral. -Help the researcher understand the topic or the writer is familiar with the relevant literature. Importance -Help and guide the investigator in locating more sources through the bibliography of the study, as well as develop a theoretical framework and methodology. - To show the capacity of the research work to new knowledge. 3  Purpose -To highlight the significance of the study or research with the kind of evidence it gathered to support the conclusion of the study. -To recommend the necessity of further research study on a certain topic. -Guide the researcher in selecting better research Functions problems and by reviewing related materials a replication of another research study is allowed. Replication is the study of a research problem already conducted but in another place. -Ensure that there is no duplication of other studies. Duplication is the study of research conducted both in the same locale using the same respondents. -Enables the researcher to identify the research gap or unanswered questions in the existing literature and resolves the conflict between previous studies. To avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is an act of quoting or copying the exact words of the writer and passing the quoted words off as your own words. Remember that the review of literature is the foundation of your research. It is about the discussion of your knowledge about your topic and that is supported by the research literature. The literature review is not a brief overview of the articles or a re-statement of the studies previously done. The diagram below shows the definition and sources of materials of the related literature and studies. Review of related Review of related literature studies Inquiries or investigation Discussion of facts and that has already principles to which the conducted to which research studies the research studies related. relate or bearing similarly. Printed books, Unpublished materials encyclopedia, such as theses, Almanacs, professional manuscript, journals, magazines, monographs, letters, newspaper, and other diaries and dissertations publications both local and other related and foreign. sources. Figure 1 4  The Constitution and the laws and statutes of the land, bulletins, circulars, and orders emanating from government offices and departments, especially from the Office of the President of the Philippines and the Department of Education (DepEd) can be used also as sources of related literature. To find relevant journals and articles look for useful academic databases- institution’s library catalog, Google Scholar, and JSTOR. Take enough time to evaluate your sources and make a list of citations to avoid repetitive authors, articles, or publications. Types of Literature review Argumentative review Theoritical review Integrative Type of review Literature Review Systematic review Historical review Figure 2. Types of Literature Steps in reviewing the literature 1. Begin to search and read the available literature related to the research problem. 2. Critically analyze the articles(study) or any materials sources. 3. Using the outline format and note cards that have been created, organize the literature. 4. Write and summarize the literature review. 5. Present the rationale for the study using the literature. As mentioned earlier, take enough time to read and evaluate the sources which are related to the research. It may vary throughout the research design that has been used for the research study. Obviously, reading every single thing written about the research topic is impossible. Analyze each source that is relevant and not relevant to the study. Find some useful articles and check for the reference list to come up with more authentic sources. 5 Writing the literature review 1. Introduction – Identify the topic, the significance and the importance of the review to the research questions. Introduction 2. Body – discuss the significance of the result or findings, briefly Body reports what other researchers found about the research Conclusion problem. 3. Conclusion – summary of the researcher’s analysis from the literature review what it provides and where it is lacking. Explain how the future research will fill Parts in Review of Related the gaps on the topic. literature and or related studies Figure 3 To present the sources for the reader to understand the literature review, try considering some typical ways of organizing the body or the discussion of the sources into a review. When writing the review of related literature always use APA style and format. Organizing the body in a review of literature and or studies in a typical way. 1. Chronological – follows a chronological method. Write about the materials according to when they were published. 2. By publication – demonstrate a more important trend. Write about the materials or sources according to publication chronology, researchers who wrote and/ or conducted the studies. 3. By trend – examine the sources under another trend in a chronological way like combining the recent studies even though the authors wrote a century apart. 4. Thematic – write about the topic or issue rather than the progression of time. 5. Methodological – focused on the methods used by the researcher or writer, types of documents, or the way it is discussed. In the same way, you might want to consider the following sections and put only what is necessary. ▪ Current situation- writes the focus of the literature review. ▪ History – write the chronological progression of the study, or an idea necessary to understand the literature reviews only if the body is not already a chronology. ▪ Standards/Methods – the criteria used to select the sources or the way to present the information, for instance, the review includes only peer-reviewed articles and journals. 6  What I Can Do Activity 1. A. Directions: Identify the pictures and write the names of source materials needed for the literature review. 1. ____________________ 4. ___________________ 2. ____________________ 5. __________________ 3. ____________________ 7 B. Directions: Arrange the letter of a word to understand the concept and its definition. Write your answer in the opposite box. Argumentative review – examines and analyzes literature to support an argument. Historical review – analyzes historical literature to show relevance with the recent developments and identify the direction for future research. Theoretical review – examine the available theories and the relationship between them. Similarly, it also helps to develop a new hypothesis. Integrative review – critically reviews the literature to add a new perspective on a topic. Systematic review– it critically evaluates and summarizes all the existing research work to define a research problem. Methodological review- provides a framework for analyzing literature at different levels Activity 2 A. Directions: Write in the diagram the steps in reviewing the review of related literature. Follow the direction of the arrows. 8  What’s More Activity 3. Organize the framework of the literature review. Directions: Read and understand the paragraph then identify the typical ways in organizing and writing the body of literature review. Write the letters only. a. Chronological c. By Trend e. Thematic b. By publication d. Methodological _____ 1. In the most recent review of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Philippine waters by Stacey & Arnold (1999) this species was not recorded as present in the Philippines. The species occurs widely in other parts of Asia, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Brunei, Myanmar, India, Laos, Papua New Guinea, and Australia. (Perrin et al, 1996; Beasley & Jefferson, 1997; Stacey & Leatherwood 1997; Stacey and Arnold, 1999)._ _____ 2. However, recent records include 79 sightings made by Kataoka et al. (1995) in Malampaya Sound, a skull collected in the village on Malampaya on the west coast of Palawan in 1996 (AASPY), a stranded specimen from the Philippine turtle Islands off the coast of Sabah in Malaysia Borneo, originally reported as Neophicaena phocaenoides but now identified as O. brevirostris, 1998 (by WFP). _____ 3. The survey was carried out from 18 June to 15 July 1999, to document the distribution of cetaceans. The survey included two stages: 1) interviews with the fishermen living in coastal villages to get some idea of the presence/absence of cetaceans and the location of unusual sightings, and 2) a vessel survey. _____ 4. The occurrence of O. brevirostris on the west coast of Palawan is not surprising. Palawan is fantastically more closely related to Malaysia, Indonesia, and mainland Southeast Asia, probably because it was once part of the Pleistocene Asian (Heaney & Rickart, 1990). Stacey & Leatherwood (1997) observed that records of this species were “connected by a continuous band of water less than 200m deep”. The Irrawaddy dolphin is closely tied to very shallow estuarine and riverine waters. In other areas of Southeast Asia, the dolphins have been found to live in brackish to freshwater (Jefferson et al., 1993: Dolar et al.,1997; Stacey & Leatherwood, 1997: Stacey & Arnold, 1999). _____ 5. The conservation status of the Irrawaddy dolphin in Malampaya sound, and by extension in Philippine waters is uncertain but possibly threatened. The Irrawaddy dolphins remaining in the Malampaya sound could be the last and are at risk because of the high vulnerability of their obligate estuarine habitat and increasing human development pressures. Anecdotal evidence showed that in the late 1970s and early 1980s the population of the Irrawaddy dolphin began to 9 decline when the influx of fishermen began construction of many fish traps and corrals. B. Tree Diagram Outline Directions: Using the outline format, write the key concepts in every box and circle that have been drawn in this tree diagram. Take note of the topic and subtopics used in the literature review and draw an arrow on how these key concepts connected each other. SUBTOPIC TOPIC Tree to Outline Format Topic: UTILIZATION OF SMARTPHONE Subtopic: I. Smartphone used a. with smart phone integration II. Grade level Selected b. collaborative and direct instruction III. Subject and Topic Selected c. Grade 7 IV. Performance outcome d. Science: Chemistry V. Group Selected e. Academic and Attitude 10 Activity 4 Direction: Read the following paragraph and identify the parts in writing a literature review. Considering the proper way in writing the review, is it correct or incorrect? Justify your answer. Review of Related Literature and studies 1 There are several studies conducted about the CS 216 and GS Blandi Rice (Oryza sativa) variety and the literature also stated some similar findings regarding the two rice varieties. Taken from newspapers The Philippine Star dated April 8, 2018, RC 216 known as “Tubigan” is one of the most popular, jack of all trade rice varieties. Based on the socio-economic division survey of Phil Rice it is one of variety that the farmers planted during wet (2011) and dry season (2012). Another source stated from agriculture.com.ph/journal (April 02, 2018) during the wet season this rice yield 6.4 tons and 4.9 tons during the dry season. According to the article entitled “Agronomy 2014” GS Blandi rice known as “Blandi Palawan indica” is a traditional rice variety that is likely a source of germplasm for breeding new varieties of rice. This kind of rice is highly adapted to its environment and can withstand any climate change during the planting season. The Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) and the International Rice Research Institute developed such an inbred variety to help farmers yield high crops. Alfonso G. Puyat a private agricultural researcher suggested that farmers should grab seeds for this kind of variety because it cost cheaper compared to hybrid varieties. A rice grower expert and owner of the land that the researcher used for the study said, “1 hectare of land can be planted 30,000 hills and a 1 square meter area can yield of 1 kilo of rice”. 2 Rice is the most important human food crop, a staple food across Asia. It is spectacularly diverse both in the way it is grown and how it is used by humans. This study was conducted to test which variety of rice will survive in dry soil conditions specifically during the offseason. Climate change greatly affects the growth and production of rice all over the world like drought thus resulting in low production. 3 The supply of rice is now decreasing as the effect of climate change. Climate change is the abnormal change of the usual weather found in a certain place. Rice is important to us and it provides sustenance that we need daily in our routine. That’s why the researchers conducted this study to at least will help resolve this kind of problem and share the expertise of other farmers on how they succeeded in their farming despite of some barriers in producing high crops over the season of planting. 11  What I Have Learned Activity 5: Directions: Complete and fill in the needed information below. Review of related literature is 1 2 Sources 3 Functions 4 Parts in writing a literature review 5 Style and format use 12  Assessment Multiple Choice. Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. “Why review a literature”? It is because________. A. It is a must in research B. Contains the findings of other studies C. To evaluate the present study D. All of the above 2. The literature review is a brief overview of the articles, or a re-statement of the studies previously done. A. False C. somewhat false B. True D. incorrect 3. A summary of findings of similar or conflicting results and investigation of other studies. A. Review of Related literature C. Introduction B. Hypothesis D. Problem 4. It is the inquiries or investigation about the unpublished research paper to which the present study is related. A. Related studies C. Related literature B. Hypothesis D. Problem 5. The __________ usually used books, encyclopedia, and other related publications as reference or source materials. A. Related literature C. Related studies B. Hypothesis D. Problem 6. Which statement describes the characteristics of the review of related literature? A. The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible. B. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased. C. Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study D. All of the above. 7. A statement that describes the importance of literature review is ________________. A. The writer is familiar with the relevant literature. B. Help and guide the investigator in locating more sources. C. Both a and b D. Guide the researcher in selecting a better research problem. 13 8. The purpose of writing the review of related literature. A. Help the researcher understand the topic. B. Help and guide the investigator in locating more sources. C. Guide the researcher in selecting a better topic. D. To recommend the necessity of further research. 9. Federico has decided to use a research study of his friend from another school. He copied the research problem and conducted his studies with a different group of respondents. What describes the decision of Federico? A. Plagiarism C. Replication B. Duplication D. Conclusion 10. Teacher Marlo found out that both of his students in his research class have the same research proposal. He advised that either one of them should change the research study to avoid _______________. A. Plagiarism C. Replication B. Duplication D. Conclusion 11. Suzanne was not able to finish her experimental research study. To submit research, she copied the proposal of her sibling from last school year. What she did is an act of ____. A. Duplication C. Replication B. Plagiarism D. Conclusion 12. Your younger sibling asks about what to do first in doing his research. Which statement would you say to him? A. Write and summarize B. Present the rationale for the study C. Analyze the material sources D. Select a topic and read a related source. 13. The part of writing the literature review that identifies the topic, significance, and the importance of the present study. A. Introduction B. Body C. Conclusion D. none 14. It discusses the significance of the result, similar and or conflicting findings of the literature and studies. A. Introduction B. Body C. Conclusion D. none 15. The summary of the researcher’s analysis about review from other literature or related studies and the present study. A. Introduction B. Body C. Conclusion D. none 14  15 SUBJECT AND TOPIC SELECTED GRADE LEVEL SELECTED SCIENCE 7 PRETEST /POSTTEST SMARTPHONE USED GROUP SELECTED collaborative and WITH SMARTPHONE direct instruction INTEGRATION UTILIZATION OF SMARTPHONE What’s More. Activity B (Connected arrows may vary) What’s more Activity A. ) 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. E Assessment What I can Do What I know What I have Activity 1 1. D learned? 1. A A 2. A 2. C Answers may MAGAZINES 3. A ALAMANAC 3. A 4. A vary 4. C INTERNET 5. A BOOKS 5. B 6. D What’s More JOURNALS 6. A 7. C Activity 2. B. 7. B 8. D Body ARGUMENTATIVE 8. B 9. C Introduction HISTORICAL 9. B 10. B Conclusion THEORITICAL 10. B 11. B Incorrect it INTEGRATIVE 11. D 12. D should be SYSTEMATIC 12. D Introduction, Activity 2 13. D 13. A Body Refer to the steps 14. B 14. C Conclusion in reviewing the 15. C 15. D literature. Answer Key  References Textbooks: Practical Research 1 & 2. Quezon City: Rex Book Printing Company, Inc. Understanding and Doing Research: A Handbook for Beginners. MSIP 2017, Lecture Research Project: Comparison of the Growth Between CS 216 and CS Blandi Rice (Oryza sativa) Variety Germinated in Dry and Wet Soil Planted During Off-Season, Division Scilympics, CTNHS. Utilization of Smartphone Application in Teaching Selected Topics in Science Seven, Regional Scilympics, CTNHS. Online sources for photos and ideas: Slideplayer.com/slide/5376196/ Writing a review of literature Slideplayer.com/slide/5776196/Review of related literature-Organizing and writing a literature review https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/s10rbz0155-160.pdf (Preliminary Report on a Small Estuarine Population of Irrawaddy Dolphins Orcaella Brevirostris In The Philippines) www.writeawriting.com/jpegimage www.slideshare.net/writing https://www.google.com/search?q=apa+format+literature+review&rlz=1C1GCEA 16 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – SDO Palawan Curriculum Implementation Division Office 2nd Floor DepED Palawan Building Telephone no. (048) 433-3292 Learning Resources Management Section LRMS Building, PEO Compound Telephone No. (048) 434-0099 17