SAS - Session -1- Research 2.pdf

NUR 028 (Nursing Research 2-Lecture) STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING/THIRD YEAR...

NUR 028 (Nursing Research 2-Lecture) STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING/THIRD YEAR Session # 1 Materials: LESSON TITLE: TYPES OF RESEARCH DATA AND Book, pen and notebook METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION Textbook: LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this lesson, the nursing student will be able Barrientos-Tan, C. (2011). A Research Guide in to: Nursing Education: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Pasay City: Philippines, Visprint Inc. 1. Describe the types of research data 2. Explain methods of data collection References: Polit, Denise F. & Beck, Cheryl T. (2012). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing research (9th ed.), Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. SUBJECT ORIENTATION (15 minutes) The instructor will start to introduce himself/herself. The course outline will be distributed and discussed accordingly. Listed below are the additional information vital in this orientation which must be discussed inside the classroom by the instructor. 1. The calendar of activities for major examinations 2. Course Syllabus 3. Classroom rules and regulations 4. Computation of grades specific for the subject 5. The essence and significance in grade computation of these modules 6. Election of class officers, if still undone 7. Other information that will be deemed necessary by the instructor MAIN LESSON (20 minutes) Types of Research Data The conduct of research will yield research data. The type of research data is determined by the purpose of the study, the method of research used, and the tools to be used in gathering the data. Research data greatly affect the implications of research findings and the development of theory. 1. Cross-sectional Data The researcher dips into study setting at a given point after the study design is completed, then gathers present data on events occurring at that time. Such data is limited to the subjects at one point in time, and is best gathered when the time frame is of short duration. Example: A study is conducted on the amount of nursing care a patient receives on certain days according to categorization of needs an problems. 2. Retrospective Data Frequently called ex-post facto studies. In this particular type, data are collected on events in the past before a study design is completed, or data collected “after the fact”. This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 1 of 5  Example: Fear responses of children during physical examination. The data will expectedly indicate previous unpleasant experiences with health workers that could have influenced the children’s behaviour. In such studies, it appears that events have occurred prior to the initiation of the study, and that data covering that event have already been gathered by means of questionnaires or through analysis of existing records. Results are limited to the availability of data. 3. Prospective Data Refers to future data or events that occurred after the study design has been completed, but the study is pursued over a relatively long period of time into the future. Example: What will happen to Cancer Patients who are discharged from the hospital after six months? Prospective and retrospective researches are sometimes called longitudinal studies because they extend over a long period of time. All experimental studies are prospective, and have the advantage of the possibility of manipulating research variables and observing the effects of these after a period of time. Retrospective cross-sectional prospective Past current future Categories of Data Collection 1. Primary data collection In primary data collection, the researcher personally collects data from actual respondents using methods such as interviews and questionnaires. The key point here is that the data collected is unique to the researcher and the research. It is not accessible to anyone else until it is published. The primary data generated by the methods below, may be qualitative in nature usually in the form of words, or quantitative usually in the form of numbers or where the researcher can make counts of words used. There are many methods of collecting primary data and the main methods include:  questionnaires  interviews  focus group interviews  observation  case-studies  diaries  critical incidents  portfolios  physiologic instruments  psychometric measurements 2. Secondary data collection In secondary data collection, the researcher uses data that was collected for another purpose such as patient’s medical records, employees or patients’ satisfaction surveys, organizational business reports and government databases. By their nature, they are easier to collect and gather than primary data. Its use is limited only by the specific administrative procedures in different institutions. This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 2 of 5 CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (15 minutes) Short Quiz. Multiple Choice. You have to read and analyze the following questions carefully. Write your answer in CAPITAL letters only. Erasures and superimpositions will be marked wrong. (10 points) Situation. A group of investigators are working on a field study exploring childhood obesity in the town of Pandayan. The data will be gathered using questionnaire, observation and physiologic measurement. The study aims to determine the risk factors of childhood obesity- the diet, activity and parental support given to children to formulate a program on Child Wellness. 1. Based of the study, the category of data collection is: a. Primary b. Secondary c. Both A & B d. None of the above ANSWER: ___________ 2. From the purpose of the study cited above, the type of research data is: a. Cross-sectional b. Retrospective c. Prospective d. None of the above ANSWER: ___________ 3. Which of the following secondary data will help investigators achieve their research goal? a. Immunization record b. Dietary Record c. School Record d. List of Family menu ANSWER: ___________ 4. If a focused group interview with the parents regarding their children will be utilized for the childhood obesity study, the research data is: a. Primary-Cross-sectional b. Primary- Retrospective c. Primary-Prospective d. None of the above ANSWER: ___________ 5. If the study aims to determine the physiologic measurements of children next Friday, the type of research data is: a. Cross-sectional b. Retrospective c. Prospective d. None of the above ANSWER: ___________ 6. Which of the following is an example of an ex post facto research? Select all that applies. a. Randomized controlled Trial on Frozen Plasma Treatment for COVID Clients b. Experimental Study on Drug Treatment for Flu c. Descriptive Study on Best Practices to Prevent Pneumonia d. A Case Study on TB Patients Drug Resistance ANSWER: ___________ 7. A descriptive data on Level of Knowledge in Dengue Fever Among Barangay X residents can be obtained from any of the following except: a. Checklist This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 3 of 5  b. Questionnaire c. Interview schedule d. Unstructured Interview guide ANSWER: ___________ 8. In a follow up study of Deworming children in Barangay Y, the type of research collection should be: a. The same tool with the primary research b. Questionnaire and Anthropometric measurement c. Stool Exam d. Varying tool from the primary research ANSWER: ___________ 9. Data obtained from the civil registry is considered a secondary data. a. Yes b. No c. Maybe d. None of the above ANSWER: ___________ 10. Which of the following is a secondary data? a. Interview b. Researcher’s observation c. Bracketing Note d. Nurses’ Endorsement logbook ANSWER: ___________ RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students and will encourage them to ask questions and to discuss among their classmates for 15 minutes. 1. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 6. ANSWER: ________ This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 4 of 5  RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 7. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 8. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 9. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 10. ANSWER: ________ RATIONALE:___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ LESSON WRAP-UP (10 minutes) You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do. You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress. AL Strategy: Microlecture You have to choose and recite an outcome sentence. The following are the outcome sentences: I learned……… I was surprised……. I’m beginning to wonder…….. I rediscovered…………….. This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 5 of 5