Biology Matters for GCE 'O' Level (3Ed) Chapter 10: The Nervous System and The Eye PDF

Chapter 10 The Nervous System and The Eye Biology Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (3Ed) 1 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.1A (double period) 2 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Capture Interest 3 ©️ 2023 Ma...

Chapter 10 The Nervous System and The Eye Biology Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (3Ed) 1 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.1A (double period) 2 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Capture Interest 3 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Which organ is the information centre in your body? What does do it do as an information centre? The brain is the centre where information received from a sense organ is interpreted. 4 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Video Time! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lN8vWm3m0 Audio Illusion While you watch the video clip, observe whether what you see affects what you hear. 5 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Construct Understanding 6 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Chapter 10 The Nervous System and the Eye 10.1 What Makes Up the Nervous System? 10.2 What Is the Structure of the Human Eye? 10.3 How Do We See? 7 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Learning Outcome(s) State that the nervous system – brain, spinal cord and nerves, serves to co-ordinate and regulate bodily functions. Outline how receptors, sensory neurones, relay neurones (located in the spinal cord or brain), motor neurones and effectors work together to produce a co-ordinated response in a reflex action as a result of a specific stimulus. 8 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook What Is Sensitivity? Page 198 An organism can react to changes in its environment. A change in the environment that causes a reaction in an organism is known as a stimulus. The pressure of the fingers on the skin during a tickling The reaction is called a response. session is a stimulus which results in a response. Q: 1. Watch the clip on the right. State the stimulus and the respond. 2. Give other examples of organisms responding to stimuli. 9 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Activity! Write your name with your non-dominant hand! What was the stimulus? What was the response? Which parts of your body What is the role must work together for of the brain in you to produce the this activity? writing? 10 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Voluntary and Involuntary Actions Page 199 Voluntary actions are activities that are controlled consciously. Involuntary actions are activities that are not controlled consciously. Q: 1. Was the activity earlier a voluntary or involuntary action? 2. What are some activities performed by your body that are involuntary actions? 11 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Components of the Human Nervous System Page 199 The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the cranial and spinal nerves, as well as the sense organs. Q: Name the sense organs. 12 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook How Do the CNS and PNS Work Together? Page 199 When there is a stimulus, the receptors in our sense organs are stimulated to produce nerve impulses. These nerve impulses are transmitted by nerves to the central nervous system. The central nervous system then sends the nerve impulses to the effectors, which are either muscles or glands. 13 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Challenge A mosquito landed on your arm to bite. You feel the itch from the bite. 1. What is your immediate reaction? 2. Explain the workings of the nervous system to bring about the respond. 14 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  The Central Nervous System The central nervous system works to integrate nerve impulses from various parts of the body. The spinal cord is involved mostly in automatic actions known as reflex actions. The brain is more sophisticated. It integrates visual, auditory, touch, olfactory and taste information from our sensory organs. 15 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Consolidate Learning 16 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Group Work and Presentation Think of a scenario where a stimulus to a sense organ results in a response. The sense organ The information Central nervous The information The effector where the that is system that is receptors are transmitted to (brain / spinal transmitted to found the central cord) the effector nervous system Eyes The painting is Brain Pick up the Muscles in the beautiful. painting. arm 17 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Enrichment 18 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Activity! Let’s Do Some Research! Research on the differences between involuntary actions and reflex actions. Share one difference with the class by posting it on an online discussion board. We will be learning about reflex actions in a later lesson. 19 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.1B (double period) 20 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Capture Interest 21 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  The Wright Family Vacation Get into groups of six and form a circle. Each person should hold a pen. Every time you hear the word “right”, pass your pen to the person on your right. When you hear the word “left”, pass it to the left. 22 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Questions Name the different types of sensory information you are receiving through your sense organs. Which effectors (muscles) are receiving the information sent by the central nervous system? 23 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Construct Understanding 24 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Chapter 10 The Nervous System and the Eye 10.1 What Makes Up the Nervous System? 10.2 What Is the Structure of the Human Eye? 10.3. How Do We See? 25 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Learning Outcome(s) State that the nervous system – brain, spinal cord and nerves, serves to co-ordinate and regulate bodily functions. Outline how receptors, sensory neurones, relay neurones (located in the spinal cord or brain), motor neurones and effectors work together to produce a co-ordinated response in a reflex action as a result of a specific stimulus. 26 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Relay neurone junction between Textbook Neurones neurones Page 200 Nerve cells are called neurones. Sensory neurone Motor neurone 27 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Neurones Page 200 Relay neurone A sensory neurone transmits junction between neurones nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system. A relay neurone transmits nerve impulses within the central Sensory neurone Motor neurone nervous system. A motor neurone transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors. 28 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Neurones Page 201 Structure of a sensory neurone Circular cell body One long nerve fibre between receptor and cell body One short nerve fibre between cell body and CNS cell body Structure of a motor neurone Irregular-shaped cell body One long nerve fibre between cell body and effector nerve fibre 29 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook What Is a Synapse? Page 201 A synapse is the junction between two neurones. The neurones release chemicals that help transmit nerve impulses across the synapse. 30 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  How Do the Brain, Spinal Cord and Textbook Page 202 Spinal Nerves Work Together? Q: 1. Which structures are part of the central nervous system? 2. What are nerves and how are they related to neurones? 31 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook The Different Pathways of Nerve Impulses Page 203 Red: Reflex arc Blue: Nerve impulses produced by receptors are transmitted to the brain. Green: Nerve impulses from the brain to effectors may be about a voluntary action. We will be learning about reflex arc in the next lesson. 32 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Consolidate Learning 33 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Discuss When playing the game, there were a few stimuli and your body responded in several ways at the same time. So, many nerve impulses were received from different receptors, and many were sent to different effectors simultaneously. How is that possible? Each neurone has multiple synapses, and the nerve impulses can be transmitted to various places at the same time. A synapse is like a junction where the “flow of traffic” (nerve impulses) can converge or diverge. 34 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Enrichment 35 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Activity! Let’s Do Some Research! Research on what motor neurone disease is. Discuss the impact of the disease on a patient. 36 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Video Time! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqsJTs5qnQs While you watch the video clip, take note of the impact of the disease on the patient. 37 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.1C (double period) 38 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Capture Interest 39 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Video Time! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JVINnp7NZ0 Babies are born with reflexes. What are reflexes for? 40 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Construct Understanding 41 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Chapter 10 The Nervous System and the Eye 10.1 What Makes Up the Nervous System? 10.2 What Is the Structure of the Human Eye? 10.3 How Do We See? 42 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Learning Outcome(s) State that the nervous system – brain, spinal cord and nerves, serves to co-ordinate and regulate bodily functions. Outline how receptors, sensory neurones, relay neurones (located in the spinal cord or brain), motor neurones and effectors work together to produce a co-ordinated response in a reflex action as a result of a specific stimulus. 43 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook What Is a Reflex Action? Pages 204–205 A reflex action is an immediate response to a specific stimulus without conscious control. There are two types of reflex actions: Cranial reflexes are controlled by the brain. Spinal reflexes are controlled by the spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord are reflex centres. 44 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Is This a Reflex Action or a Voluntary Action? 1. You see a kitten walking towards you, and you bend down to touch it. 2. While playing badminton, you see the shuttlecock coming towards you, and you hit it with a racket. 3. While walking past a basketball court, a ball flies towards your head and you raise your arms at once. 4. You see a cold drink on the table and you pick it up. 5. You touch a hot kettle and your hand immediately pulls away. 45 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook What Happens Pages 205–206 When Your Hand Touches a Hot Object? Q: Is this a cranial reflex or spinal reflex? Let’s Investigate 10.1 46 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Biology Connect TB eBook Page 205 Learn about reflex action through an interactive animation. Reflex Actions 47 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook What Is a Reflex Arc? Page 207 A reflex arc is the shortest pathway by which nerve impulses travel from the receptor to effector in a reflex action. 48 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Comparing a Voluntary Action, an Involuntary Action and a Reflex Action Voluntary Action Involuntary Action Reflex Action Controlled by our will Not controlled by our A sudden action in will response to something Requires a stimulus Does not require a Requires a stimulus stimulus Regulated by the brain Regulated by the brain Regulated by the brain or spinal cord Produced by choice Occurs throughout our Produced during an lifetime emergency Choice-dependent May be slow or quick Always quick speed 49 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Differences Between Endocrine and Page 208 Nervous Controls 50 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Consolidate Learning 51 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Concept Cartoon Textbook Page 206 Persons A and B are explaining what will happen to a person holding a hot object if his sensory or motor neurone is cut. Q: What are your views on the statements made by the two people? 52 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Let’s play a quiz on your personal learning device to review what you have learnt! Launch Quiz 10.1 53 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Page 208 Let’s Practise 10.1 Discuss the questions to check your understanding. 54 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Enrichment 55 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Page 204 When the spinal cord is damaged, a person may be paralysed from neck down. The brain implant technology enables the paralysed person to move his limbs. Q: How does the brain implant technology work? 56 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.1D (single period) 57 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Section Review 58 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Let’s Map It Textbook Page 218 59 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Pages 219–220 Let’s Review Try out the following on your own: Section A questions 1–2, Section B questions 1–2, Section C question 1. Share your answers in class. 60 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  TWB Pages 73–74 Theory Workbook Complete Worksheet 10A on The Nervous System. 61 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.2A (double period) 62 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Capture Interest 63 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  What Colour Is Your Iris? Identify the pupil, iris and sclera. Observe the colour of the iris. Does the iris serve a purpose besides being coloured? 64 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Construct Understanding 65 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Chapter 10 The Nervous System and the Eye 10.1 What Makes Up the Nervous System? 10.2 What Is the Structure of the Human Eye? 10.3 How Do We See? 66 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Learning Outcome(s) Describe the structure of the eye as seen in front view and in horizontal section. Describe the pupil reflex in response to bright and dim light. 67 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  What Forms the External Structure of the Eye? Textbook Page 209 68 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook What Forms the Internal Structure of the Eye? Page 210 Ciliary 8 Vitreous chamber body Suspensory Choroid ligament 6 7 9 Parts involved in pupil reflex Parts involved in focusing 10 Cornea Fovea Aqueous chamber 5 11 Retina Optic nerve Blind spot Lens 4 1 2 3 69 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Challenge: Ciliary Vitreous chamber body Suspensory Based on what you know ligament Choroid about the functions of the various parts of the eye, what are some possible causes of blindness? Cornea Fovea Aqueous chamber Retina Optic nerve Blind spot Lens 70 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Consolidate Learning 71 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Parts of the Eye 2 11 1 3 4 12 10 5 13 7 9 8 6 72 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Let’s play a quiz on your personal learning device to review what you have learnt! Launch Quiz 10.2 73 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Enrichment 74 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Activity! Let’s Do Some Research! Research on what cataract is, its causes and treatment. Share your findings with the class. 75 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.2B (double period) 76 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  PWB Pages 99–101 Practical Observe the demonstration carried out on Experiment 10A on Examining the Mammalian Eye. Answer the questions as you observe the demonstration. 77 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Video Time! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfIxZNssBLs 78 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Challenge Some animals have an iridescent blue patch in each of their eyeball. It is known as the tapetum lucidum. It causes the eye to shine when light is shone into the animal’s eye at night. 1. What do you think is the function of the tapetum lucidum? 2. Why is it essential for these animals? 79 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.2C (double period) 80 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Capture Interest 81 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Page 214 Let’s Investigate 10.2 To investigate pupil reflex and blind spot Discuss the observations and questions. 82 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Page 214 Let’s Investigate 10.2 Step 2: Pupil reflex The pupil constricts when the hand is removed. Why? This is a reflex action. Is the reflex centre the brain or spinal cord? Step 3: Blind spot At some point the cross will disappear from view. Why? 83 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Construct Understanding 84 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Chapter 10 The Nervous System and the Eye 10.1 What Makes Up the Nervous System? 10.2 What Is the Structure of the Human Eye? 10.3 How Do We See? 85 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Learning Outcome(s) Describe the structure of the eye as seen in front view and in horizontal section. Describe the pupil reflex in response to bright and dim light. 86 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Page 212 What is the Pupil Reflex? To see clearly, an appropriate amount of light must enter the eye. The pupil constricts in bright light. Q: Identify the stimulus and effector. The pupil dilates in dim light. The pupil reflex is a reflex action which is protective in nature. 87 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Page 213 Nervous Pathway in Pupil Reflex In summary: 88 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Muscles in the Iris Page 212 circular muscles radial muscles pupil The circular muscles are arranged in a circle around the pupil. The radial muscles radiate outwards from the pupil. The circular muscles and radial muscles are antagonistic. 89 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook How Does the Iris Control the Amount of Light Pages 212–213 Entering the Eye? In bright light: In dim light: 90 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  How to Use the Terms Correctly? Use contract and relax to describe muscles. Muscles contract and relax. Muscles contract and expand. Use constricts and dilates to describe the pupil. The pupil constricts and dilates when there are changes in light intensity. The pupil contracts and relaxes when there are changes in light intensity. 91 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Consolidate Learning 92 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Page 214 Let’s Practise 10.2 Discuss the questions to check your understanding. 93 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  TWB Page 75 Theory Workbook Complete Worksheet 10B on Eye Structure and Pupil Reflex. 94 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Enrichment 95 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Video Time! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLMt-2pMJAc While you watch the video clip, take down notes so that you can answer the questions. 96 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Questions 1. Apart from changes in light intensity, what else can cause the pupils to dilate? 2. Name the happy hormones. Why are they called happy hormones? 3. Why would the pupils dilate when danger is perceived? 4. What chemicals does belladonna contain? Will the use of belladonna cause damage to the eyesight? Why? 97 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.3A (double period) 98 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Capture Interest 99 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Activity! Access this website https://ophysics.com/l16.html. Converge the light rays on the retina. Vary the distance of the object and the thickness of the lens (focus). What do you observe about the light rays? What do you observe about the lens? 100 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Did You Observe the Following? When the object is near, the light rays from the object diverge more. When the object is far, the light rays from the object diverge less. When the lens is thicker, it bends the light rays more. When the lens is thinner, it bends the light rays less. When the object is near, the lens has to be thicker to bend the light rays more. When the object is far, the lens is thinner, and the light rays bend less to converge on the retina. 101 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Construct Understanding 102 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Chapter 10 The Nervous System and the Eye 10.1 What Makes Up the Nervous System? 10.2 What Is the Structure of the Human Eye? 10.3 How Do We See? 103 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Learning Outcome(s) State the principal functions of component parts of the eye in producing a focused image of near and distant objects on the retina. 104 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Forming an Image on the Retina Page 215 The cornea and aqueous humour refract the light rays onto the lens. The lens further refracts and converges the light rays on the retina. The image formed is upside down, laterally inverted and smaller. 105 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook What Is Focusing? Page 216 Focusing, also called accommodation, is the adjustment of the lens of the eye so that clear images of objects at different distances are formed on the retina. The light rays must converge on the retina to form a clear image. The shape of the lens must change to converge the light rays on the retina. 106 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Focusing on a Distant Object Page 216 107 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Focusing on a Near Object Page 217 108 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Consolidate Learning 109 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  TWB Page 76 Theory Workbook Complete Worksheet 10C on Focusing on Distant Objects. 110 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Enrichment 111 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  The Near Point of the Eye Hold an object very near your eyes and then slowly move it further. Remove your glasses if you are wearing them. There would be a point where the object will finally be in focus. That is the near point. Measure the distance. Q: What is the significance of the near point? 112 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.3B (double period) 113 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Capture Interest 114 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Activity! Textbook Page 197 1. Place your finger 10–15 cm from your nose and stare hard at it. 2. Next, focus on objects behind the finger. 3. How many fingers do you see? Why are your eyes playing tricks on you? 115 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Biology Connect TB eBook Page 197 Your eyes work together with your brain to help you see. Watch the video to find out Are Your Eyes an activity that you can do to see if your eyes and brain are and Brain playing tricks on you. You can try this activity at Playing Tricks home and share your findings with the class on on You? Padlet. 116 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Construct Understanding 117 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Chapter 10 The Nervous System and the Eye 10.1 What Makes Up the Nervous System? 10.2 What Is the Structure of the Human Eye? 10.3 How Do We See? 118 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Learning Outcome(s) State the principal functions of component parts of the eye in producing a focused image of near and distant objects on the retina. 119 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Recall! Focusing on a Distant Object Page 216 1 2 3 4 5: Light stimulates photoreceptors 6 in retina. 6: Optic nerve sends signals to the brain, which then 7 interprets the signals to cause sight of the distant object. 120 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Recall! Focusing on a Near Object Page 217 1 2 3 4 5: Light stimulates photoreceptors 6 in retina. 6: Optic nerve sends signals to the brain, which then 7 sight of the near object. interprets the signals to cause 121 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Front view Side view Front view Side view When the hoop expands (relaxes), When the hoop shrinks (contracts), the strings become taut, and the strings become slack, and the balloon is pulled and becomes the balloon returns to its default round thinner. shape. 122 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Consolidate Learning 123 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Let’s play a quiz on your personal learning device to review what you have learnt! Launch Quiz 10.3 12 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 4  Enrichment 125 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Video Time! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FM33sKKwog Watch the video clip to learn more about myopia. 126 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Myopia Questions: 1. What is myopia? 2. What physical conditions of the eye lead to myopia? 3. How does the shape of the eyeball lead to myopia? 127 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Video Time! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Mt-7bj-tYY Watch the video clip to learn more about presbyopia. 128 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Presbyopia Questions: 1. What is presbyopia? 2. What is a possible cause of presbyopia? Challenge: How does the change in lens elasticity result in blurry vision when looking at near objects? 129 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Activity! Let’s Do Some Research! Research on some of the measures used to correct vision. Present your findings to the class. Briefly explain how these measures work. 130 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Lesson 10.3C (single period) 131 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Section/Chapter Review 132 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Let’s Map It Page 218 133 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Textbook Pages 219–220 Let’s Review Try out the following on your own: Section A questions 3–4, Section B question 3, Section C questions 2–5. Share your answers in class. 134 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  TWB Pages 77–78 Let’s Assess Let’s Reflect Complete these worksheets to check your understanding of Chapter 10 and reflect on your learning. 135 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd  Acknowledgements Slide 1: chinese cabbage ©️ Kitawit Jitaton | Shutterstock.com, LED-lit growing chamber ©️ JohnnyGreig | iStock.com Slide 9: sisters having fun – ID 159949372 ©️ Prostockstudio | Dreamstime.com; mimosa gif – ©️ Hrushikesh | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mimosa_Pudica.gif | Creative Commons CC0 License Slides 53, 73, 124: tablet ©️ Daniel Korpai | unsplash.com Slide 56: brain implant technology icon – ID 218090413 ©️ Macrovector | Dreamstime.com Slide 79: bobcat – public domain | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bobcat_(9098579648).jpg Slide 115: living room background – ID 81726537 ©️ Katarzyna Bialasiewlcz | Dreamstime.com, side view of a teenage girl – ID 179142528 ©️ Amazingmikael | Dreamstime.com, hand with finger pointing – ID 27564569 ©️ Ashumskiy | Dreamstime.com 136 ©️ 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd