SAFETYATWORKLAB09242024-StudyGuide.pdf

SAFETY AT WORK (LAB)09/24/2024 Topics Biological Hazards Biological hazards are living organisms or their derivatives that pose a threat to human health, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Common examples include foodborne pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. Biological haz...

SAFETY AT WORK (LAB)09/24/2024 Topics Biological Hazards Biological hazards are living organisms or their derivatives that pose a threat to human health, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Common examples include foodborne pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. Biological hazards can contaminate water sources, leading to disease outbreaks. They can be transmitted through direct contact, inhalation, ingestion, or vector-borne routes. Prevention measures include proper hygiene practices, vaccination, and appropriate waste disposal. Chemical Hygiene Plan A Chemical Hygiene Plan outlines safety procedures and practices to prevent chemical exposure and ensure a safe laboratory environment. It includes procedures for handling, storing, and disposing of chemicals safely. It identifies hazardous chemicals present in the lab and specifies appropriate precautions for each. Regular employee training on the plan is essential for maintaining a safe work environment. Emergency response procedures in case of chemical spills or accidents are included in the plan. COSH COSH stands for Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health. It involves identifying, assessing, and controlling risks associated with hazardous substances. COSH helps ensure safety in different workplaces by minimizing exposure to harmful substances. It requires employers to provide information, training, and protective equipment to workers handling hazardous substances. The COSH regulations aim to prevent illness and injuries caused by hazardous substances through proper risk assessment and management. Employers must monitor workplace conditions regularly to maintain a safe environment according to COSH guidelines. GHS initiative The GHS initiative aims to enhance global chemical safety by standardizing the classification and labeling of hazardous chemicals. Established by the United Nations for consistency in hazard communication worldwide. Ensures proper handling, use, and disposal of chemicals to protect human health and the environment. Includes harmonized hazard criteria, labeling elements, and safety data sheets for chemicals. Facilitates international trade and compliance with regulatory requirements. Hazardous substances Hazardous substances are chemicals or materials that pose a risk to human health or the environment due to their toxicity, flammability, reactivity, or corrosiveness. Hazardous substances require proper handling and disposal to prevent harm. Common examples include pesticides, heavy metals, asbestos, and radioactive materials. Exposure to hazardous substances can lead to acute or chronic health effects. Regulatory agencies set limits and guidelines for safe use and exposure to hazardous substances. Personal protective equipment Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to clothing and equipment designed to protect individuals from various hazards and prevent the spread of infections. PPE includes items such as masks, gloves, goggles, and gowns. It is important to wear PPE properly to ensure maximum protection. Proper disposal of PPE after use is crucial to prevent contamination. Regular training on the selection and use of PPE is essential for healthcare workers. Risk Assessment Risk assessment involves identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing potential risks to determine the likelihood and impact of harmful events. Key steps include hazard identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation, and risk mitigation. Risk assessment helps in decision-making, resource allocation, and development of appropriate risk management strategies. It fosters proactive planning, reduces uncertainty, and enhances overall organizational preparedness. Continuous monitoring and reassessment are essential to adapt to changing circumstances and maintain effective risk management. Key Terms Chemical fume hoods Chemical fume hoods are enclosed workspaces designed to protect workers from exposure to hazardous chemical fumes and vapors. Air is drawn in through the front opening and expelled through filters to remove harmful substances. Constant airflow ensures the containment of chemical fumes within the hood. Regular maintenance is crucial to keep the hood functioning properly and providing a safe working environment. Users should always check that the hood is operating correctly before conducting experiments. CHIP regulations CHIP regulations refer to rules governing the Children's Health Insurance Program, ensuring eligible children have access to affordable healthcare coverage. CHIP is a federal-state partnership program providing coverage to children in families with low to moderate incomes. States have flexibility in designing their CHIP programs within federal guidelines. CHIP regulations aim to improve children's health outcomes by increasing access to essential healthcare services. Compliance with CHIP regulations is critical for states to receive federal funding and support for their programs. Corrosive Corrosive substances can cause severe damage to living tissues upon contact and can corrode metals, posing significant risks to health. Common corrosive substances include strong acids (e.g., sulfuric acid) and bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide). Corrosive materials can cause burns, skin irritation, and eye damage upon exposure. Proper safety measures, such as wearing protective equipment, are essential when working with corrosive substances. It is crucial to store corrosive materials properly and handle them with caution to prevent accidents and injuries. COSHH COSHH stands for Control of Substances Hazardous to Health, a set of regulations aimed at protecting people from exposure to hazardous substances.  COSHH requires employers to assess risks, provide control measures, train employees, and monitor exposure levels. Chemicals covered by COSHH include substances that are toxic, harmful, corrosive, or irritant. Employers must provide Safety Data Sheets for all hazardous substances under COSHH regulations. PPE should be worn when handling hazardous substances as part of COSHH compliance. Emergency Response Emergency response involves swift and coordinated actions to address crises and disasters effectively. Emergency response aims to minimize harm, save lives, and restore safety and order in a timely manner. It encompasses preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery efforts. Key components include effective communication, resource management, and collaboration among multiple stakeholders. Training, drills, and simulations are crucial for ensuring readiness and optimal performance during actual emergencies. First Aid First Aid involves providing initial care for an injury or illness before professional help can arrive, with the goal of preserving life and preventing the condition from worsening. Common first aid techniques include CPR, bandaging wounds, controlling bleeding, and treating burns. First Aid training often covers assessing the situation, contacting emergency services, and administering appropriate care. Key components of First Aid kits typically include bandages, gauze, adhesive tape, gloves, scissors, and antiseptic wipes. Knowing how to respond to various emergencies such as heart attacks, choking, and severe allergies is essential for effective first aid. Harmful In the context of health, harmful refers to substances, behaviors, or conditions that have negative impacts on physical, mental, or social well-being. Harmful factors can include toxins, pollutants, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor dietary choices. Exposure to harmful substances can lead to chronic diseases, reduced quality of life, and premature death. Preventive measures like education, regulations, and lifestyle changes can mitigate harmful effects on health.  Effective public policies and community interventions are essential in addressing harmful factors and promoting overall well-being. Hierarchy of Control Hierarchy of Control involves a systematic approach to minimizing hazards, starting with elimination and ending with personal protective equipment. It consists of five levels including elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment. Hierarchy of Control is a framework used to prioritize risk control measures in a workplace or any setting. Irritant An irritant refers to a substance that can cause physical discomfort, inflammation, or allergic reactions when it comes into contact with living tissues. Irritants can include chemicals, dust, smoke, or certain plants. Exposure to irritants may lead to symptoms such as itching, redness, or respiratory issues. Prolonged exposure to irritants can result in chronic health conditions. Preventive measures like using protective gear and proper ventilation can reduce the risk of irritation. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets and enforces safety and health regulations to protect worker rights and ensure safe working conditions. Established in 1970 under the U.S. Department of Labor. Requires employers to provide a workplace free from recognized hazards. Issues guidelines and standards to address specific industry risks. Offers training programs and resources to promote workplace safety. Permissible Exposure Limits Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are the levels of harmful substances that workers can be exposed to during a typical eight-hour workday without adverse health effects. PELs are set by organizations like OSHA to protect workers from the health risks of chemical exposure. They are specific to each chemical and are often measured in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic meter of air (mg/m³). Employers must monitor workplace air levels and provide protective equipment if levels  exceed PELs. Workers should be trained on potential hazards and safety measures related to exposure limits to prevent health issues. Risk evaluation Risk evaluation involves assessing the likelihood and potential impact of various events or hazards on individuals or groups. It helps in determining priority areas for intervention. Involves the identification and analysis of risks. Considers factors such as severity, exposure, and vulnerability. Helps in developing strategies to mitigate or manage risks effectively. Threshold Limit Value Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is the permissible exposure limit to hazardous substances set by organizations to protect workers against health risks. TLVs are important in occupational safety to prevent acute and chronic health effects. TLVs are specific to different substances and are often measured in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m³). TLVs are regularly updated based on new scientific evidence and research findings. TLVs help employers establish safe working environments and protect workers from hazardous exposures.