Student V. Lecture 8- Safety at Work - Laboratory INT11 PDF

Lecture 8 Safety at Work (Laboratory) Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 2 Lear...

Lecture 8 Safety at Work (Laboratory) Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 2 Learning Outcomes Understand the Chemical Hygiene plan Iden-fy laboratory hazards Take proper precau-ons for self protecIon Act effec-vely in an emergency Understand and apply principles of COSHH Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 3 Content Chemical Hygiene Plan Risk assessment Required PPE Safe work prac-ces Emergency response COSHH principles Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 4 Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 5 Basic Principles of Lab Safety Conduct risk assessment for each lab protocol performed Apply appropriate safety measures Maintain safe lab environment Prepare for emergencies Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 6 Chemical Hygiene Plan Required by Occupa-onal Safety and Health Administra-on (OSHA)’S Lab Safety Regula-ons Safe work prac-ces, Iden-fy Chemical procedures and hazards control Emergency procedures Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 7 Establish standard opera-ng Evaluate control procedures equipment and perform inspec-ons Perform exposure OSHA assessments requires to: Provide medical consulta-ons and exams Manage safety informa-on Provide proper training Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 8 Risk Assessment Should iden-fy: 1) Steps in the opera-on 2) Equipment and chemicals involved in each step 3) Hazards associated with equipment, materials and method 4) Required safety measures Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 9 Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 10 Physical and Health hazard chemical informaIon properIes Permissible Exposure First aid Limits (PELs) and and symptoms treatment Safely handling for of exposure substances exposure Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 11 SDS must be sufficient: to protect people at work and the environment Important to conduct COSHH assessment Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 12 Physical Hazards Flammable substances -Keep away from flames and hot equipment -Keep containers closed -Fumes can be ignited by sta-c electricity Reac-ve substances -Can react with other chemicals, air, air or exposure to sunlight -Cause explosions Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 13 Physical Hazards Corrosive substances - Acids and caus-cs can burn skin and burn through metals - Stored in glass or certain plas-cs Compressed gases - Can explode if exposed to heat or shock Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 14 Chemical Health Hazards Short-term health effects (acute) Long-term health effects (chronic) Dizziness Nausea Internal organ Headache damage ENT irrita-on Reproduc-ve Respiratory irrita-on problems ie. Coughing, shortness Cancer of breath, chest pain, difficulty in breathing Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 15 Exposure Assessments Airborne chemical hazards: 1) Monitoring requirements- if believed that exposure rou-nely exceeds safe levels 2) PEL – Eg. Exposure low, no extra protec-on needed. High exposure require becer ven-la-on 3) TLV – Threshold Limit Value. Same as PEL: to assess exposure 4) No-fica-on of monitoring results Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 16 Chemical FuncIons: 1. Isolate chemicals and apparatus Fume Hoods that can cause physical hazards 2. Contain spills 3. Control inhala-on exposure eg. From toxic vapour or dust When using hood: ✔ Confirm working properly ✔ Keep chemicals and apparatus 6 inches inside ✔ Avoid swif hand or body movements ✔ Items don’t block air flow ✔ Keep sash between face and materials Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 17 PPE Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 18 Safe hygiene Always: Wash afer direct exposure and before leaving the lab Never! Never! Store food in Smell or taste chemical storage chemicals refrigerators Never! Never! Eat, drink, chew gum Use lab equipment to or apply cosme-cs handle food near chemicals Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 19 Laboratory Equipment Glassware: Equipment with moving ✔ May break, cause chemical, parts (eg.centrifuges): biological and cut hazards ✔ Use right type for each prac-cal, ✔May get caught on discard broken or chipped clothing or long hair glasswares ✔Loads should be Electrical Equipment: balanced ✔ Create shocks or burns and fire hazard ✔ Use dry hands, don’t stand in wet Compressed gas areas cylinders: Equipment that uses heat ✔Can explode (autoclave): ✔Use carefully and report ✔ Can burn skin any leakages ✔ Use tongs or heat-resistant gloves Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 20 CHEMICAL STORAGE SegregaIon steps: 1) Segregate by state: solids, Where to store? liquids and gases According to hazard class 2) Segregate by hazard class (Eg. Solids: oxidizers, water TOXIC: Vented cabinet reacIve, flammables FLAMMABLES: Flammable Liquids: Acids, CausIcs, Oxidizers, storage cabinets or fume hood Flammable, CombusIbles Gases: Toxics, Oxidizers, REACTIVES: Locked cabinet Flammables) CORROSIVES: Cabinet under fume 3) DO NOT store alphabeIcally hoods 4) Date incoming containers of SOLIDS: Shelves chemicals with a specific shelf GAS CYLINDERS: Close area of use life Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 21 Transport chemicals safely Never store Keep surfaces chemicals on clean, dry and the floor unclu\ered SAFE HOUSEKEEPING Keep only Clear access to necessary emergency exits materials on your and equipment bench Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 22 InspecIon checklist ✔Conduct regularly ✔Correct and document safety problems ✔Emergency equipment ✔Chemical storage areas ✔Chemical fume hoods ✔Electrical equipment ✔Compressed gas cylinders ✔Emergency exits Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 23 Basic First Aid Possible situaIons: o Chemicals in eyes o Chemicals on body o InhalaIon o Swallowing AcIons: ✔Know where eyewash staIons and emergency showers are located ✔NoIfy your supervisor immediately if contaminated ✔Get medical a\enIon a^er washing off chemicals Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 24 Medical Program ▪ Medical exams : Symptoms of excessive exposure ▪ ConsultaIons: Pregnant workers ▪ First-aid: Trained personnel ▪ Emergency locaIons: Medical treatment Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 25 Minor spills Major spills ✔Alert people in ✔Alert others, evacuate immediate area area ✔Increase venIlaIon ✔A\end to injured or ✔Wear PPE contaminated workers and remove them from ✔Absorb spill with area approved absorbent ✔If chemical is flammable, ✔Collect residual safely turn off igniIon chemical and cleanup sources materials in sealed ✔Evacuate, close doors as containers for disposal you exit ✔Clean spill area with ✔Contact emergency water only response team Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 26 Fire ✔Ac-vate alarm and call fire department Emergencies ✔No-fy co-workers ✔Shut-down equipment, if safe ✔Use fire ex-nguisher if appropriate ✔Isolate area, close doors and windows ✔Evacuate Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 27 Principles of COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Hazardous substances : 1) Substances used directly (eg.paints, cleaning agents, adhesives) 2) Substances generated (eg.fumes from smoldering, welding) 3) Naturally occurring (eg. grain dust) 4) Biological agents (bacteria, micro-org) Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 28 ACTIVITY: Defini-ons Toxic? Corrosive? Irritant? Harmful? Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 29 Ac-vity: Health Problems For each substance below, note down what each health problems each one might cause PAINT FLOUR CEMENT CONTAMINATED WATER Smokes Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 30 Forms of hazardous substances solids Liquids Dusts Biological Vapours and agents powders Gases Fumes Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 31 COSHH Assessments To control risks to health associated with the use of hazardous substances in workplace Purpose: decide measures necessary to control risks Conduct COSHH assessment: basic legal requirement to all employers Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 32 Ac-vity- COSHH Assessment Chemical Form Health Qty Use Risk Exposure Classi ExisIng New Name Effect ficaI Controls on Acetone Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 33 To Comply with COSHH Regula-ons 1) Assess the risks 2) Decide what precau-ons are needed 3) Prevent or adequately control exposure 4) Ensure that control measures are used and maintained 5) Monitor the exposure 6) Carry out appropriate health surveillance 7) Prepare plans and procedures to deal with accidents, incidents and emergencies 8) Ensure employees are properly informed, trained and supervised Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 34 CHIP Regula-ons CHIP Regula-ons: Chemicals Hazard Informa-on and Packaging For chemical suppliers: Provide Iden-fy the informa-on about hazards of the the hazards chemical Package the chemical safely Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 35 Biological Hazards Routes of Entry Skin Absorp-on Inhala-on Inges-on Injec-on Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 36 Health Skin Problems Derma--s – skin inflamma-on Symptoms: redness, swelling, blistering and flaking itch, bleed, pus Lungs and respiratory system Damage – due to breathe gases, fumes or fine dust par-cles Rhin-s, conjunc-vi-s or occupa-onal asthma (chronic/intermediate effect) Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 37 Health Liver and kidneys Damage – prolonged exposure to Problems chemical vapours and absorp-on through skin Swallowing – immediate and severe poisoning of organs. Lead to organ failure or death Nervous system Over-exposure. Enter body through absorp-on, inges-on or inhala-on Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 38 Iden-fying Hazardous Substances Supply label Safety data sheet Industry informa-on ie. Seek advice from trade associa-on or experienced colleague Publica-ons eg. HSE publica-ons Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 39 GHS Globally Harmonized System Labelling of Classifica-on and Labelling ✔ Full name, address and of Chemicals telephone number of Aim: to have, worldwide, supplier the same: ✔ Name of substance ✔ Descrip-on of hazard posed ✔ Criteria to classify chemicals by chemical eg. Toxic, according to health, irritant, corrosive environmental and physical ✔ Hazard symbols hazard ✔ Warning and safety advice ✔ Hazard communica-on requirements for labelling and safety data sheets Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 40 GHS ini-a-ve: New hazard warning symbols Current Symbol New Symbol Danger/ Danger Very Fatal if Toxic swallowed Danger Danger/ Causes Corrosive severe skin substance burns and eye damage Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 41 GHS ini-a-ve: New hazard warning symbols Current Symbol New Symbol Category 1 Danger carcinogen May cause cancer Warning Irritant Causes skin irritaIon Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 42 Controlling Hazardous Substances COSHH assessment, 8 steps: 1) Iden-fy hazardous substances Aim: Iden-fy all the 2) Iden-fy people at risk people who come 3) Evaluate the risks 4) Determine control measures into contact with 5) Implement control measures each hazardous and monitor effec-veness substance from the 6) Make arrangements to deal moment it enters with accidents and the workplace to emergencies the moment it is 7) Record COSHH assessments taken away 8) Review COSHH assessments Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 43 Risk evalua-on of COSHH assessment: To decide whether risk associated are HIGH, MEDIUM or LOW. FACTORS TO CONSIDER: No. of people affected: everyone? Or specific individuals Quan-ty of substances: large vats? Small containers? Length/frequency of exposure? Everyday? Occasionally? Hazard substances: very toxic? Mild irritant? Control measures: procedures? Control? Poten-al harm: how it affect health of those exposed to it Form of substance: powder? Pellets? solu-on? Gas? How substance is to be used: outside? Enclosed space? Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 44 Risk Factor Certain people are more at risk than others: ✔ Young people, pregnant or nursing mothers ✔ Lack of experience: require supervision and training ✔ Communica-on difficul-es: language barriers or learning disability Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 45 Control Measures “Hierarchy of control” More ✔ EliminaIon effec-ve: ✔ Subs-tu-on remove hazard ✔ Enclosure and control at ✔ Isola-on source ✔ Local ven-la-on ✔ General ven-la-on ✔ Limit exposure ✔ Good housekeeping Least effec-ve: ✔ Good welfare and personal hygiene Protect ✔ Informa-on, instruc-on and training individuals at ✔ Personal protec-ve equipment risk Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 46 Safe systems of work: ✔ Control measures maintained and efficient ✔ Constant monitring ✔ Health surveillance COSHH regula-ons Authorised users: ✔ Appointed by employers require ✔ Receive necessary employers to instruc-on and training consider three control First aid: measures First-aid facili-es should be provided Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101 47 THANK YOU ANY QUESTIONS? Health, Safety, POLITEKNIK BRUNEI, ALL SCHOOLS Security and Environment HS1101