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CHAPTER꞉ 1 CHEMISTRY 1. Which of the following salts are acidic in nature? 15. Select the INCORRECT set of Molecular Formula - IUPAC A) Sodium Carbonate B) Sodium Acetate Name - Common Name from the following options. C) Ammonium Phosphate D) None...

CHAPTER꞉ 1 CHEMISTRY 1. Which of the following salts are acidic in nature? 15. Select the INCORRECT set of Molecular Formula - IUPAC A) Sodium Carbonate B) Sodium Acetate Name - Common Name from the following options. C) Ammonium Phosphate D) None of the above A) C2H5OH - Ethanol - Ethyl B) C4H9OH - Butanol - Butyl Alcohol Alcohol 2. Burning Magnesium ribbon produce white ash, which dissolves in water to form _____. C) C3H7OH - Propanol - D) C2H3OH - Methanol - A) Magnesium Hydroxide B) Magnesium Oxide Propyl Alcohol Methyl Alcohol C) Magnesium Halides D) Magnesium Sulphate 16. The maximum number of electrons that can be 3. Which of the following has low resistivity? accommodated in a shell is indicated by the formula꞉ A) Nichrome B) Glass A) 2n B) 2n2 C) Ebonite D) Diamond C) 2n3 D) 2n−2 4. Which one of the following would be INCORRECT to use? 17. An element A forms an oxide with the formula A3O4. What A) An atom of a compound B) A mole of an element is the valency of element A? C) A mole of a compound D) An atom of an element A) 1 B) 4 5. The boiling and freezing points of water are exactly ______ C) 3 D) 2 degrees apart on the Fahrenheit scale. 18. ________ is the most ductile metal. A) 180 B) 90 A) Ph B) Ag C) 360 D) 270 C) C D) Au 6. The maximum number of electrons that can be 19. Which of the following statements is wrong with regard to accommodated in a shell depends on the formula ____. strong acids? A) 2n2 B) n2 A) All minerals acids are B) Hydrochloric Acid, strong acids. Sulphuric acid and Nitric Acid C) 1n2 D) 3n2 are strong acids. 7. The density of an ideal gas can be doubled by halving the꞉ C) Strong acids react very D) Acids are those chemical A) Pressure B) Mass rapidly with other substances substances that have a salty C) Absolute temperature D) Velocity (such as metal carbonates taste. and metal hydrogen 8. _______is not an allotrope of carbon. carbonates). A) Buckminsterfullerene B) Diamond 20. Which of the following elements was the last element in C) Graphite D) Carbon Dioxide Newland's Law of Octaves? 9. Non-metallic character increases from _____. A) Rubidium B) Thorium A) Magnesium to Barium B) Sodium to Chlorine C) Bromine D) Hydrogen C) Potassium to Caesium D) Oxygen to Selenium 21. Select the option that correctly matches the contents of 10. If we take a small amount of washing soda and add the first column with the contents of the second column. approximately 1 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid to it, what will Dalton's we observe? A. Elements combine in fixed ratios I. atomic A) White-coloured precipitate B) CO2 gas comes out with theory is formed. brisk effervescence. The same C) H2 gas comes out with pop D) Only neutralisation reaction B. Atoms are indivisible II. number of sound. occurs, no gas is released. molecules 11. Atomic mass of Nitrogen is 14 and that of Hydrogen is 1. Law of Sulphate and oxalate ions are anions, What will be the molecular mass of Ammonia? C. III. constant whereas magnesium and A) 17 B) 18 proportions C) 15 D) 16 Gram atomic mass of an element and the Ammonium 12. Iron which resembles Cobalt and Nickel in properties has D. gram molecular mass of a compound IV. ions are contain cations been placed far away from these elements. This was one of the limitations of꞉ A) A - III, B - II, C - IV, D - I B) A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II A) Mendeleev's periodic table B) Dobereiner's triads C) A - I, B - III, C - IV, D - II D) A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II C) Modern periodic table D) Newlands' law of octaves 22. CuO + H2 → Cu + H O. This equation is an example of꞉ 2 13. Lime water turns milky when carbon dioxide is passed A) Oxidation B) Decomposition through it. It is due to the formation of꞉ C) Redox D) Reduction A) Barium Carbonate B) Calcium Oxide 23. Which of the following classifications is based on atomic C) Calcium Carbonate D) Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate numbers? A) Modern Periodic Table B) Mendeleev's Periodic Table 14. Acids that contain Hydrogen and other non-metallic C) Dobereiner's Law of Triads D) Newlands Law Of Octaves element(s), except Oxygen, are called꞉ A) Dilute acids B) Hydracids 24. What is the molecular formula of Calcium Phosphate? C) Strong acids D) Weak acids A) Ca(PO4)2 B) Ca3(PO4)3 A. Copper Cu C) Ca3(PO4)2 D) CaPO4 B. Gold Au 25. The mass number of an isotope of an element is 298. If its C. Mercury Me nucleus has 196 neutrons, what is its atomic number? D. Platinum Pt A) 196.0 B) 298.0 C) 102.0 D) 494.0 E. Silver Ag 26. Which of the following statements is most appropriate for A) Only E B) Only C transition elements? C) A and B D) D, B and C A) Three of their outermost B) Their outermost shell is 36. Which of the following is NOT a double displacement shells are incomplete. incomplete. reaction? C) Two of their outermost shells are incomplete. D) They have eight electrons in their outermost shell. A) BaCl2 + H2SO4 →BaSO4 + B) Mg3N2 + 6H2O → 2HCl 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 27. Which of the following has the largest sized atoms? C) CuSO4 + H S → CuS + 2 D) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H O 2 A) Si B) Al H2SO4 C) P D) S 37. Which of the following methods will separate water from 28. Brass is an alloy made of꞉ muddy water? A) Copper and Tin B) Copper and Zinc A) Filtration B) Separating funnel C) Copper and Aluminum D) Copper and Iron C) Distillation D) Crystallization 29. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? 38. What is the physical state of water at 12°C? A) Lemon contains citric acid B) The basic nature of Sodium A) Liquid B) Ionic Hydroxide (NaOH) is due to the presence of sodium ions. C) Gas D) Solid C) Nonmetallic oxides are D) Phenolphthalein turns pink 39. Which of the following is NOT true for the reaction of acidic in nature in soap solution. Calcium with water? 30. What is the compound formed when Ag+ and A) Heat evolved is less B) The reaction is more violent Cl- combine? C) H2 gas is evolved D) Calcium starts floating A) Argon Chlorate B) Argon Chloride 40. An element with an atomic number of 17 is꞉ C) Silver Chloride D) Silver Chlorate A) a halogen gas B) a transition metal 31. Which gas is released when bleaching powder is added to C) a rare gas D) an alkali metal water? 41. Pick the odd one out from the following꞉ A) Hydrogen B) Chlorine A) NaOH B) Cu(OH)2 C) Carbon Monoxide D) Carbon Dioxide C) NH4OH D) Zn(OH)2 32. During the combustion of unsaturated compounds, a ______ is seen. 42. The relative density of gold is 19.3 Its density in SI unit is꞉ A) red flame B) yellow flame A) 1.93 × 102 kg/m3 B) 19.3 kg/m3 C) clean flame D) blue flame C) 19.3 × 103 kg/m3 D) 19.3 × 102 kg/m3 33. All the member of a homologous series can be 43. If the total energy of the reactants is more than the represented by the same general formula. Choose the products of the reaction, heat is released and the reaction is INCORRECT formula from among the following. said to be a/an ____ reaction. Alkane - CnH2n+2 A) exothermic B) potential Alkene - CnH2n+1 C) endothermic D) work Alkyne - CnH2n-2 44. The Ideal-gas equation is ______. A) Alkane - CnH2n+2 and B) Alkene - CnH2n+3 A) PV/T = μR B) V/T = (1/μ) R Alkyne - CnH2n-2 C) P/VT = μR D) T/PV = μR 45. Water has the maximum density at ______ °C. C) Alkane - CnH2n+2 D) Alkyne - CnH2n-2 A) 4 B) 22 C) 2 D) 0 34. Which of the following statements is/are true or false? Statements꞉ 46. The boiling and freezing points of water are exactly _____ A) On moving from left to right in a period, the chemical degrees apart on the Fahrenheit scale. A) 180 B) 273 reactivity of elements first decreases and then increases. B) The chemical reactivity of non-metals increases on going C) 100 D) 50 down in a group of the periodic table. 47. _____ is the heat per unit mass required to change a A) Statements A and B are B) Statement A is true, but B is substance from solid into liquid at the same temperature and true false pressure. C) Statement B is true, but A is D) Statements A and B are A) Vaporisation B) Latent heat of fusion false false C) Regelation D) Sublimation 35. Select the INCORRECT match's from the following. 48. Among chemical properties, Mendeleev concentrated on the compounds formed by the elements with ________. A) Carbon and Hydrogen B) Carbon and Sodium 62. 77 °F is equal to ________. C) Hydrogen and Sodium D) Hydrogen and Oxygen A) 25 °C B) 15 °C 49. Which of the following gases is used to prevent food C) 20 °C D) 10 °C material from getting oxidised? 63. Ozone at the higher levels of the atmosphere is a product A) Hydrogen B) Oxygen of _________ molecule. C) Chlorine D) Nitrogen A) UV radiation acting on B) UV radiation acting on Hydrogen Helium 50. The molecular formula of Propane is ________. C) UV radiation acting on D) UV radiation acting on A) CH4 B) C4H10 Oxygen Nitrogen C) C3H8 D) C2H6 64. What are elements F, Cl, Br, I and At commonly known as? 51. Except Helium, all noble gases have how many electrons in A) Actinoids B) Transition elements the outermost shell? C) Halogens D) Rare earth elements A) 10 B) 6 65. Select the INCORRECT set of Molecular Formula - IUPAC C) 4 D) 8 Name - Common Name from the following options. 52. Atomic mass of Carbon is 12 and that of Helium is 4. State A) C3H8OH - Propanol - B) C2H5OH - Ethanol - Ethyl which of the following statements is true for 1 mole of each of Propyl Alcohol Alcohol the elements? C) C4H9OH - Butanol - Butyl D) CH3OH - Methanol - A) 1 mole of Carbon will B) 1 mole of Helium will Alcohol Methyl Alcohol contain 3 times more atoms contain 3 times more atoms than 1 mole of Helium. than 1 mole of Carbon. 66. How many moles are present in 60 g Helium of ? C) 1 mole of Carbon will D) 1 mole of Carbon will A) 12 moles B) 15 moles contain one-third the number contain the same number of C) 10 moles D) 25 moles of atoms present in 1 mole of atoms as present in 1 mole of 67. Is Baking soda chemically different from Baking powder? Helium. Helium. A) Yes, baking soda is Sodium B) Yes, Baking soda is Sodium 53. How many atoms are present in one molecule of Ozone? bicarbonate while Baking Carbonate while Baking A) 1 B) 3 powder is Calcium Carbonate. powder is Sodium Bicarbonate C) 2 D) 4 C) No. they are identical D) Yes, Baking soda is Sodium chemically bicarbonate while Baking 54. The pH of a solution is 3. When its pH changes to 6, then powder is a mixture of Sodium H+ ion concentration꞉ bicarbonate and Tartaric acid. A) Increases 2 times B) Increases three times 68. Oxides of metals are basic in nature, that is, they combine C) Decreases 100 times D) Decreases 1000 times with acids to form salt and water. Select the odd metal oxide 55. Two resistance of 2Ω and 6Ω are connected in series and from the following ones. this combination is connected across a 12 V bettery. Find the A) MgO B) Na2O power supplied by the battery. C) CaO D) Al2O3 A) 10 W B) 18 W C) 16 W D) 14 W 69. Which of the following is used in the preparation of vinegar? 56. If a body is NOT homogeneous, then its density is a A) Ethanoic acid B) Methanol function of its ___________. C) Acetic acid D) Ethanol A) pressure B) acceleration C) position D) velocity 70. Common metals arranged in order of their decreasing reactivity is known as꞉ 57. A cylindrical wire of length L and radius r has a resistance A) Activity series B) Electrolytic reduction of R. The resistance of another wire of the same material but C) Conductivity D) Reactivity thrice its length and one-third its radius will be __________. A) 27R B) 9R 71. In 540 grams of glucose, the number of moles present is꞉ C) R D) 3R A) 4 B) 2 C) 1 D) 3 58. The volume of a given amount of water ________ between 0°C to 4°C. 72. The mass number of an isotope of an element is 298. If its A) is zero B) decreases nucleus has 188 neutrons, what is its atomic number? C) remains constant D) increases A) 188.0 B) 110.0 C) 298.0 D) 488.0 59. Which element is mostly provided by grains, nuts and chocolates in our diet? 73. Which of the following acids is present in Red Ants? A) Chloride B) Zinc A) Malic acid B) Oxalic acid C) Iodine D) Copper C) Formic acid D) Tannic acid 60. Which of the following gases is a highly poisonous, 74. In Mendeleev’s periodic table, the properties of the odourless, tasteless and colourless gas? elements are considered a periodic function of their꞉ A) Carbon dioxide B) Carbon monoxide A) Atomic number B) Atomic mass C) Methane D) Nitrogen dioxide C) Ionization enthalpy D) Atomic size 61. Which of the following substances has the highest density? 75. How many atoms are present in a (NH4)2SO4 molecule? A) Gold B) Mercury A) 15 B) 14 C) Copper D) Iron C) 12 D) 13 76. Which gas is released when water is added to bleaching 91. The pH of a solution, whose hydrogen ion concentration is powder? 1 × 10-5 mole per litre, will be ________. A) Carbon dioxide B) Oxygen A) 6 B) 5 C) Chlorine D) Hydrogen C) 4 D) 7 77. Name the metal that can be easily cut with a knife꞉ 92. If the first and third members of a Doberiner triad are A) Copper B) Sodium Phosphorus and Antimony, the second member of this triad is꞉ C) Gold D) Aluminium A) Iodine B) Sulphur 78. Which of the following is the last element in the Newlands C) Calcium D) Arsenic Law of Octaves classification? 93. Who stated the following law꞉ ‘The properties of the A) Radium B) Thorium elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses’? C) Iron D) Rhodium A) Newlands B) Moseley 79. In which of the few process highly reactive metals are C) Mendeleev D) Doberiner obtained from pure molten ore? 94. Which of the following is NOT the combined form of A) Calcination B) Electrolysis Carbon? C) Roasting D) Reduction by an A) Chalk B) Marble appropriate reducing agent C) Diamond D) Dolomite 80. Which of the following does NOT act as both, metal and 95. Which of the following metals is the most Malleable? non-metal? A) Ag B) Al A) Boron B) Bismuth C) Na D) Zn C) Arsenic D) Germanium 96. In the Modern Periodic Table, elements are arranged in 81. The amount of BaSO4 formed on mixing an aqueous ________. solution of 2.08 gm of BaCl2 excess of dilute H2SO4 is _______. A) Decreasing order of their B) Increasing order of (atomic weights꞉ Ba = 137, Cl = 35.5, S = 32, O = 16) atomic mass number their atomic mass number A) 2.33 g B) 2.08 g C) Increasing order of D) Decreasing order of their atomic number their atomic number C) 23.3 g D) 1.04 g 97. The number of neutrons present in a nitrogen atom is 82. Which one of the following elements has the lowest ________. atomic mass? A) 5 B) 14 A) Nitrogen B) Helium C) 7 D) 11 C) Lithium D) Hydrogen 98. Aqueous solution of copper sulphate ________. 83. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A) Does not affect litmus B) Turns blue litmus red A) Solids have a definite B) Solids have an indefinite volume shape C) Affects both red and blue D) Turns red litmus blue litmus C) Solids are rigid D) Solids are almost incompressible 99. Which of the following is NOT a radioactive element? 84. Ammonium nitrate, on thermal decomposition, produces꞉ A) Plutonium B) Titanium A) NH3 and NO B) N2O and H2O C) Uranium D) Thorium C) N2 and H2O D) NH3 and NO2 100. The most reactive of the following metals is꞉ A) Ca B) Al 85. Which of the following gases turns lime water milky? C) Ni D) Pb A) O3 B) CO 101. Atomic numbers of four elements are as follows꞉ F (9), P C) O2 D) CO2 (15), Cl (17), Ar (18). 86. Which one of the following triad represents Dobereiner’s Which of the following two elements would be chemically Triad? similar? A) Na, Sr, Br B) Li, K, Na A) F and CI B) F and P C) Li, Ca, C1 D) Li, Na, K C) Cl and P D) F and Ar 87. Which of the following allotropes of Carbon is used as a 102. What is the action of dry HCI gas on dry litmus paper? reducing agent in metallurgy? A) Blue litmus paper turns red B) Blue litmus paper turns A) Coke B) Carbon Black white C) Charcoal D) Graphite C) Blue or red litmus paper D) Red litmus paper turns blue does not change its colour 88. Which of the following is used for disinfecting drinking water? 103. Metal oxides which react with acids, as well as bases, are A) Baking Soda B) Washing Soda called꞉ C) Baking powder D) Bleaching powder A) Acidic oxides B) Neutral oxides C) Amphoteric oxides D) Basic oxides 89. How many atoms will one mole of Carbon (C – 12) contain? A) 6.02 × 1026 B) 60.20 × 1026 104. Metals are placed on which side of the Modern Periodic Table? C) 8.06 × 1020 D) 6.02 × 1023 A) Top row B) Right side 90. Two or more elements combine to form a꞉ C) Bottom row D) Left side A) Atom B) Radical 105. Which of the following glows with special colour C) Compound D) Valence depending on the nature of gas in the fluorescent tube? A) Plasma B) Hydrogen A) Solution with pH value 0 B) Solution with pH value 1 C) Bose-Einstein condensate D) Helium C) Solution with pH value 6 D) Solution with pH value 7 106.. The pH value increase from 7 to 14 represents a꞉ 120. In a water molecule, the ratio of the mass of Hydrogen to A) Decrease in OH- ion B) Increase in H+ ion the mass of Oxygen is always ________. concentration concentration A) 7꞉1 B) 8꞉1 C) Decrease in H+ ion D) Increase in OH- ion C) 1꞉7 D) 1꞉8 concentration concentration 121. Which of the following is used to get relief when you have 107. Which of the following metals does NOT react with cold been stung by a honeybee? A) Common salt B) Baking soda or hot water? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Acetic acid D) Washing soda C) Calcium D) Aluminium 122. The chemical formula of Sodium Carbonate is꞉ 108. The credit for classifying the elements on the basis of A) Na3CO2 B) Na2CO their atomic masses goes to꞉ C) NaCO3 D) Na2CO3 A) Dmitri Mendeleev B) John Dalton 123. The state of matter can be changed into another state by C) John Alexander Reina D) Johann Wolfgang changing the꞉ Newlands Dobereiner A) Volume B) Density 109. By how many atomic mass units do subsequent members C) Shape D) Temperature of homologous series differ? A) 26 B) 32 124. How many molecules are present in one mole of water? C) 20 D) 14 A) 6.02 × 1026 molecules B) 7.02 × 1023 molecules 110. The formula C6H14 represents the hydrocarbon ________. C) 8.02 × 1022 molecules D) 6.02 × 1023 molecules A) Hexene B) Hexane 125. Which of the following is a correct pair according to C) Hexyne D) Heptyne increasing atomic number from left to right? A) He, H B) Na, Ne 111. The number of valence electrons in an atom of C) Be, B D) Ca, Cl Phosphorus is꞉ A) 4 B) 3 126. Which group in the modern periodic table contains C) 2 D) 5 elements that are inert gases? A) Group 18 B) Group 17 112. Alkali metals are assigned which group in the Modern C) Group 15 D) Group 16 Periodic Table? A) Second group B) Eighteenth group 127. Atomic mass of Sulphur is 32 u. The number of moles in 16 C) Third group D) First group grams of Sulphur is꞉ A) 0.5 moles of Sulphur B) 0.25 moles of Sulphur 113. NaCl is a salt which is made up of꞉ C) 0.75 moles of Sulphur D) 1 mole of Sulphur A) Strong acid and weak base B) Weak acid and weak base C) Strong acid and strong D) Weak acid and strong base 128. Fill in the blank with the most appropriate option. Ethanol base is denatured to ______. A) Make it unsuitable for B) Make it suitable as an 114. Identify the use of the isotope of uranium. drinking antiseptic A) Treatment of cancer B) Fuel in airplanes C) Make it suitable for D) Increase its stability C) Treatment of goiter D) Fuel in nuclear reactors drinking 115. The percentage of water of crystallization in washing soda 129. ______ is the process in which acids, bases react to form is _________ salts and water. A) 1.80 B) 37.06 A) Hydrolysis B) Electrolysis C) 10.6 D) 62.9 C) Neutralisation D) Distillation 116. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? 130. For dilution of a concentrated acid, we should add꞉ A) Atomic size increases from B) Isotopes of the same A) Water into the diluted acid B) Water into the top to bottom. elements are placed in the concentrated acid same group. C) First water into the acid D) Concentrated acid into C) All the elements of a group D) Atomic radius generally and then more acid into the water have the same valency. decreases from right to left water 117. Which of the following metals displaces Iron from Iron 131. Which of the following metals does NOT react with Chloride? Oxygen even at a high temperature? A) Lead B) Tin A) Zinc B) Aluminium C) Silver D) Zinc C) Silver D) Lead 118. Which of the following is added to iron to make iron hard 132. Who first discovered that every eighth element had and strong? properties similar to that of the first? A) Zinc B) Copper A) Newlands B) Dobereiner C) Carbon D) Sodium C) Moseley D) Mendeleev 119. Which of the following solutions is the most acidic among 133. Which of the following is used as a catalyst in the them all? hydrogenation of vegetable oil? A) Pb B) Ni A) Potassium B) Aluminium C) H2 D) He C) Zinc D) Iron 134. Which type of reaction occurs when carbon burns in 148. The number of electrons that can be accommodated in oxygen to give carbon dioxide? the M shell is ________. A) Addition reaction B) Combustion reaction A) 18 B) 8 C) Decomposition reaction D) Substitution reaction C) 2 D) 32 135. Which of the following is NOT a property of bases? 149. The human body works within the pH range of꞉ A) They have bitter taste B) They turn blue litmus red A) 6.0 to 7.0 B) 6.0 to 6.8 C) They react with acids and D) They turn red litmus blue C) 7.0 to 7.8 D) 7.0 to 8.6 neutralise them 150. Common salt (NaCl) is made up of꞉ 2 136. If the electronic configuration of element A’ and B’ are 1s , A) a strong acid and a weak B) a weak acid and a weak base base 2s22p6, 3s1 and 1s2,2s22p6,3s2, 3p4 respectively, then the C) a weak acid and a strong D) a strong acid and a strong formula of the compound formed by the combination of these base base elements will be꞉ A) AB3 B) A2B 151. Which of the following can undergo Sublimation? A) Ammonium chlorate B) Ammonium sulphate C) AB D) AB2 C) Ammonium chloride D) Ammonium sulphide 137. Fill in the blank with the most appropriate option. An 152. The hardest natural substance is ________. element attains stability when it achieves ________ state. A) Copper B) Diamond A) an only-duplet B) a duplet or octet C) Iron D) Graphite C) an only-octet D) a heptane 138. The mass of one molecule of oxygen is _______ 153. ______ is the number of shells for elements of the 3rd period. A) 2.3 × 10-23 g B) 3.3 × 10-23 g A) 3 B) 1 -23 C) 4.3 × 10 g D) 5.3 × 10-23 g C) 0 D) 2 139. Which of the following is used in the preparation of 154. Which of the following metals is NOT obtained by tincture iodine, cough syrup and many tonics? reduction using carbon? A) Methanol B) Ethanoic acid A) Zinc B) Sodium C) Acetic acid D) Ethanol C) Iron D) Copper 140. According to Newlands’ Law of Octaves, how many 155. In the Modern Periodic Table, a zig-zag line separates elements exist in nature? ________. A) 56 B) 66 A) metals from non-metals B) metals from metalloids C) 55 D) 65 141. An element has an atomic number of N. The number of C) non-metals from metalloids D) metals from halogens protons in the nucleus of its atom is꞉ A) N B) W + N 156. Which of the following gases makes bread or cake rise C) W D) W – N making them soft and spongy? 142. Which of the following is used in making perfumes as well A) CO2 B) O2 as flavoring agents? C) H2 D) CO A) Esters B) Ethanol 157. Ice floats on water because its density is _______. C) Methanol D) Ethanoic acid A) more than water B) zero 143. An element with an atomic number of ______ will form a C) same as water D) less than water basic oxide. A) 7 B) 20 158. What product is formed when electricity is passed C) 17 D) 6 through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride? A) Sodium oxide B) Sodium hydroxide 144. The tenth element in the Newland’s periodic classification C) Sodium and chlorine D) Sodium and water resembles the꞉ A) First B) Fourth 159. Which of the following is a chemical reaction? C) Ninth D) Third A) Drying of wet clothes B) Melting of ice 145. Which of the following elements has a total of 3 shells C) Sublimation of Iodine D) Butter turning rancid with 8 electrons in the last orbit? crystals A) S B) Al 160. Which one of the following elements is polyatomic? C) Ar D) P A) Sulphur B) Sodium 146. Which one of the following oxides of Nitrogen is also C) Argon D) Oxygen known as Laughing Gas? 161. In Newland’s table, the elements ________ were placed A) NO2 B) N2 O5 with the halogens. C) NO D) N2O A) Ce and La B) Fe and Se C) Co and Ni D) Mn and As 147. Which of the following metals reacts vigorously with cold water? 162. Which of the given statements is/are true? A) The number of shells B) Valence electrons nd decreases decreases A. The 2 group elements are called Alkali metals. C) The number of shells D) Atomic size decreases B. The 1st group element is called Alkaline metals. increases C. The 17th group elements are called Halogens. A) Only A B) B and C 177. In the process of _______, the iron is protected by a coating of zinc. C) Only C D) A and C A) Greasing B) Alloying 163. In which of the following groups of the modern periodic C) Galvanization D) Anodising table are the noble gases placed? A) 17 B) 15 178. Which of the following is NOT a property of acids? A) Acid has a sour taste B) Acid has a bitter taste C) 18 D) 16 C) Acid form salt with a base D) Acid turns blue litmus red 164. Fill in the blank with the most appropriate option. 179. The maximum number of electrons that can be Quicklime reacts with water to form ______. accommodated in M shell is꞉ A) limestone B) slaked lime A) 8 B) 2 C) chloride of lime D) chalk powder C) 18 D) 32 165. Which of the following is NOT malleable? 180. Metals react with acids to give꞉ A) Copper B) Graphite A) Salt and chlorine B) A salt and base C) Silver D) Aluminium C) A salt and hydrogen D) Salt and water 166. Newlands arranged ________ the then known elements in 181. If the atomic number of Krypton is 36, then its electronic his table of octaves. configuration is꞉ A) 63 B) 56 A) 2, 18, 16 B) 2, 8, 18, 8 C) 58 D) 17 C) 2, 18, 8, 8 D) 2, 8, 20, 6 167. The amount of glucose required to prepare 25 g of a 182. Chlorine gas is used in the manufacture of꞉ solution 5% by mass is꞉ A) Baking powder B) Baking soda A) 125 g B) 1.25 g C) Bleaching powder D) Washing powder C) 50 g D) 25 g 183. Which of the following gases is not generated in a biogas 168. Which of the following elements has the unique ability to plant? form bonds with other atoms of the same element giving rise A) CO B) H2S to large molecules? A) Aluminium B) Hydrogen C) CH4 D) CO2 C) Carbon D) Nitrogen 184. To convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin scale you 169. If the valency of Aluminium is 3 and that of Oxygen is 2, must꞉ then the chemical formula of Aluminium oxide is꞉ A) Multiply the given B) Add 273 to the given A) (AIO)3 + 2 B) AIO2 temperature by 273 temperature C) AI3O2 D) AI2O3 C) Divide the given D) Subtract 273 from the given temperature by 273 temperature 170. What is the radius of an atom used to measure? 185. Which of the following metals is stored in kerosene oil? A) Atomic number B) Atomic mass A) Platinum B) Copper C) Atomic size D) Atomicity C) Sodium D) Gold 171. Non-metals generally contain ________ electrons in their 186. Which of the following is essential for the synthesis of outermost shell. thyroxin? A) 1, 2 or 3 B) 5, 6, 7 or 8 A) Potassium B) Sodium C) 8, 9 or 10 D) 10 to 8 C) Calcium D) Iodine 172. Which of the following is a chemical change? 187. The main cause of rancidity in foods is the ______ of fats A) Butter turning rancid B) Making dry ice from CO2 and oils. C) Heating a platinum wire D) Magnetization of iron A) Hydrolysis B) Oxidation 173. The boiling point of alcohol is 78°C. What is the C) Clarification D) Reduction temperature in Kelvin scale? 188. Elements A, B and C occur as Dobereiner’s triads. If the A) 78 K B) 341 K atomic mass of A is 40 and that of C is 137, what will be the C) 373 K D) 351 K atomic mass of B? 174. Which of the following is an amphoteric oxide? A) 35 B) 120 A) Aluminium oxide B) Iron (II) oxide C) 88 D) 74 C) Magnesium oxide D) Carbon dioxide 189. Which of the following is the third member of the 175. Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower Dobereiner triad, that also features Lithium and Sodium? than꞉ A) Potassium B) Boron A) 5.7 B) 5.5 C) Barium D) Hydrogen C) 5.6 D) 5.4 190. Which of the following is NOT a noble gas? 176. What happens as we go down the group in the periodic A) Radon B) Krypton table? C) Xenon D) Hydrogen 191. The number of free electrons in the outermost shell of A) Boiling B) Freezing carbon atoms in diamond is꞉ C) Condensation D) Evaporation A) Zero B) Two 205. Which of the following elements replaced eka-Aluminium C) Four D) Three in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table? 192. SnCl2 + 2HgCl2 → Hg Cl 2 2 + SnCl4 In the given reaction꞉ A) Scandium B) Germanium A) HgCl2 is oxidised B) SnCl2 is oxidised C) Gallium D) Titanium C) Hg2Cl2 is oxidised D) SnCl2 is reduced 206. The percentage of carbon in CO2 is꞉ A) 44 B) 27.3 193. Number of σ and π bonds in benzene, respectively, is꞉ A) 12 and 3 B) 3 and 3 C) 14 D) 12 C) 6 and 3 D) 9 and 3 207. Non-metal oxides are usually꞉ A) Acidic B) Basic 194. The gas evolved when sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid is ________. C) Amphoteric D) Neutral A) Hydrogen B) Chlorine 208. In the modern periodic table, which of the two periods C) Hydrogen Chloride D) Carbon dioxide contain 8 elements each? 195. Which of the following type of medicines is used to treat A) 2 and 3 B) 1 and 2 indigestion? C) 4 and 5 D) 3 and 4 A) Sulpha drug B) Antihistamine C) Antibiotic D) Antacid 209. If a solution turns blue litmus red, its pH is likely to be꞉ A) 9 B) 8 196. Which of the following is a surface phenomenon? C) 6 D) 7 A) Boiling B) Melting C) Evaporation D) Freezing 210. Which of the following devices converts Chemical energy into Electrical energy? 197. There are 15 protons and 22 neutrons in the nucleus of an A) Electric cell B) Electric fan element. What is its mass number? C) Hair dryer D) Electric heater A) 15 B) 37 C) 22 D) 7 211. A/an ________ flame is produced when the oxygen supply is sufficient. 198. The element with the highest electron affinity among A) Orange B) Red halogens is ________. C) Green D) Blue A) Cl B) F C) Br D) l 212. Solid Carbon dioxide is known as ________, A) Gas ice B) Wet ice 199. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? C) Solid ice D) Dry ice (I) Bleaching powder is a pale yellow powder. (II) Dry NH3 gas turns red litmus blue. 213. Which one of the following is a cation? (III) The pH of rainwater is nearly 7. A) Carbonate B) Nitrate (IV) The pH of acid rain is nearly 5.6. C) Ammonium D) Hydroxide A) All of the above statements B) I), II) and III) 214. Which compound is formed when a Magnesium ribbon is are correct burnt in air? C) Only II) D) I), II) and IV) A) Magnesium Nitrate B) Magnesium Carbonate 200. When large quantities of __________ are consumed, it C) Magnesium Oxide D) Magnesium Nitride tends to slow metabolic processes and to depress the central 215. What are transition elements? nervous system. A) Elements whose two B) Elements which possess A) Ethanol B) Methanol outermost shells are properties of both, metals and C) Butanol D) Propanol incomplete non- metals C) They have eight electrons D) Elements whose three in the outermost shell outermost shells are 201. An unbalanced chemical equation is called a꞉ incomplete A) skeletal chemical equation B) rough chemical equation C) complex chemical equation D) natural chemical equation 216. Biogas is produced from biomass by ________. A) Destructive distillation B) Anaerobic fermentation 202. When iron is exposed to moist air, a reddish brown C) Fractional distillation D) Dry distillation coating of hydrated Iron (III) Oxide (Fe2O3) is deposited on its 217. Which of the following causes damage to bridges, iron surface. This reddish-brown coating is called ________. A) dust B) rust railings and all objects made of metals? A) Corrosion B) Rancidity C) iron D) alloy C) Acidity D) Reduction 203. In Modern Periodic Table, elements present in the same 218. If Metal A displaces Metal B from its solution, then Metal period will have the same _________. A_____. A) atomic weight B) atomic number A) Is more reactive than B B) Is less reactive than B C) number of shells D) valence elections C) Is heavier than B D) Has the same reactivity as 204. Which of the following processes will take place the B slowest for the same quantity of liquid? 219. Which is the first metallic element in the Modern Periodic 225. In the reaction H2O2 + Cl2 → 2HCl + O , H O 2 2 2 acts as꞉ Table? A) An acid B) An oxidising agent A) He B) H2 C) A reducing agent D) A base C) Na D) Li 226. What is the name the Russian chemist who stated that 220. What is the name of the reddish brown gas evolved when the properties of elements are a periodic function of their Lead Nitrate is heated strongly? atomic masses? A) Nitrogen dioxide B) Nitrogen pentoxide A) Mendeleev B) Markovnikov C) Dinitrogen Oxide D) Nitric Oxide C) Zelinsky D) Zaitsev 227. Bio-gas is an excellent fuel as it contains up to ______% 221. An alloy is an example of꞉ methane. A) Colloidal solution B) Emulsion A) 85 B) 70 C) Solid solution D) Heterogeneous mixture C) 50 D) 80 222. Which of the following scientists had done some 228. Which of the following is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? calculations for the fifth state of matter? A) Ethyne B) Propane A) CV Raman B) Satyendra Nath Bose C) Butane D) Pentane C) Vikram Sarabhai D) Homi Bhabha 229. The metal that can be cut with a knife is ________. 223. Which among the following compounds has a double A) Copper B) Aluminium bond? C) Iron D) Sodium A) Ethane B) Methane 230. When 1 litre of water is cooled from 4°C to 0°C, its C) Acetylene D) Ethylene volume _____. A) first decreases and then B) remains the same 224. Which one of the following is not a borderline element? increases A) Boron B) Silicon C) increases D) decreases C) Polonium D) Bismuth ANSWER KEY Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ans C A A A A A C D B B A D C B Q. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Ans D B B D D B B C A C C C B B Q. 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Ans B C B B B B B B A A B A A C Q. 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Ans A A A A B D D C D D B D B C Q. 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Ans A B D B A A C C A B D D C A Q. 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Ans D B C B A C B B B B A D B B Q. 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Ans D D A D D C B D C C A C C B Q. 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 Ans B A A C C D A D D A D B D D Q. 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 Ans C D D D D C A D B D D D C A Q. 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 Ans A A C D C A B B B B B D D A Q. 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 Ans A A B D C D A A C D C B A B Q. 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 Ans A A D B D A C C C B B B B C Q. 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 Ans D C B A D A B C C B C C B C Q. 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 Ans A B C D B C A D A B A D D C Q. 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 Ans B A C A A B C D C B A A C A Q. 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 Ans D D C C A B A A D A C B D D  Q. 225 226 227 228 229 230 Ans C A B A D C The freezing point of water is 32°F on the Fahrenheit scale SOLUTIONS and the boiling point is 212°F (at standard atmospheric 1. pressure). All the given salts are basic in nature. This puts 180 degrees apart from the boiling and freezing points of water. Salt Acid Base Result Thus, a degree on the scale of Fahrenheit is 1⁄180 of the Sodium HCO3(carbonic NaOH(sodium distance between the freezing point and the boiling point. Basic Carbonate(Na2CO3) acid) hydroxide) The freezing and boiling points of water on the Celsius scale are 100 degrees apart. Sodium CH3COOH(acetic NaOH Basic 1°F temperature interval is equal to a 5⁄9 degrees Celsius Acetate(CH3COONa) acid) interval. Ammonium H3PO4(Phosphoric At -40 ° (i.e. −40 °F = −40 °C), the Fahrenheit and Celsius NH3(Ammonia) Basic Phosphate(NH4)3PO4 acid) scales converge. Absolute zero is -273.15 °C(-459.67 °F). The salt formed from a strong acid and weak base froms an Boiling Point꞉ acidic salt. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour A strong base forms a weak conjugate acid during reaction pressure of a liquid becomes equal to atmospheric and ion exchange and similarly, a strong acid forms a weak pressure and it converts from liquid to a gaseous state. conjugate base. It is different at different altitudes. 2. Explanation꞉ The boiling point of water under normal conditions is 100° C. Magnesium ribbon gives magnesium oxide when burnt in air. The boiling point usually decreases at high altitudes. The ribbon burns with bright white light or white flame. So at high altitudes, the boiling point of water is less than When magnesium metal burns it reacts with 100° C. oxygen present in the air to form a compound called magnesium oxide. 6. The correct answer is 2n2. This is an exothermic reaction and intense heat is Pauli's exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an produced. atom can have identical values for all four quantum The reaction produces white powder or white ash as numbers(n,l, ml and ms). magnesium oxide. For example, subshell 1s can accommodate only 2 The balanced chemical equation is, electrons. 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s) + Energy For 1s orbital- n=1, l=0, ml= 0 and ms = + 1 2 or – 1 2 This white ash is Magnesium oxide and it can be given as Mg + O2 → 2MgO According to this principle, the number of electrons that can be accommodated in a shell is given by 2n2. When this White ash (Magnesium oxide) is dissolved in For example, K shell contains only one subshell 1s, so water (H2O) it gives Magnesium Hydroxide. the maximum number of electrons occupied in K shell is 2. MgO + H2O → Mg(OH) 2 The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a shell is indicated by the formula 2n2. 3. Number of electrons in one shell =2n2 Nichrome has low resistivity. Where n is the shell number. So the second orbital would be Nichrome is a non-magnetic alloy that is made up of 20% 2 (22) = 8 chromium and 80% nickel. It has a very high melting point, that makes nichrome to Maximum Principle Number of make high-temperature wires. number of energy level Subshells orbitals per It wired into coils and used in heating elements such as hair electrons in the (n) subshell dryers, toasters and ovens. shell(2n2) 4. 1 s 1 2 the INCORRECT usage an atom of a compound is the s 1 INCORRECT usage. 2 8 Since molecules are the building blocks of a compound, p 3 therefore the correct usage would be "A molecule of a s 1 compound". A compound has molecules made of atoms of different 3 p 3 18 elements. d 5 Since an element is formed from atoms, "An atom of an element" is correct to use. s 1 "A mole of an element" is the amount of the element that p 3 contains 6.022 × 1023 atoms of which it is made up of. 4 32 "A mole of a compound" is the amount of the d 5 compound that contains 6.022 × 1023 molecules of which it f 7 is made up of. 7. Explanation꞉ 5. The Correct Answer is 180. Kinetic theory of gases- The boiling and freezing points of water are exactly 180 degrees apart on the Fahrenheit scale.  The kinetic theory of gases is a theoretical model that Sodium and chlorine belong to the 3rd period and while describes- sodium is in group 1, chlorine is in group 9, therefore when the molecular composition of the gas in terms of a large we move from sodium (left) to chlorine (right), the non- number of identical tiny particles called molecules. metallic character increases. Further, this theory explains that gas pressure arises due to As we go down a group, the atomic radius increases particles colliding with each other and the walls of the because of this, the attraction between the nucleus and the container. electrons decreases. The kinetic theory of gases also defines thermodynamic Due to this reason, it becomes difficult to gain electrons variables such as temperature, and therefore, non-metallic character decreases down the viscosity, and thermal conductivity, and all these properties group. are related to the microscopic phenomenon. Element Group Period An ideal gas is the one that can obey- Ideal gas equation PV = nRT Magnesium 2 3 Calculation꞉ Barium 2 6 Given꞉- Potassium 1 4 Pressure = P Volume = V Cesium 1 6 Temperature = T Oxygen 8 2 Mass = m From ideal gas equation꞉- Selenium 8 4 PV = nRT 10. The correct answer is CO2 gas comes out with brisk n ⇒ P = RT V effervescence.. ρ A chemical reaction occurs when we add hydrochloric acid ⇒ P = RT M to washing soda (sodium carbonate). The chemical equation for the reaction is꞉ → ρ (where, M = mNa and R/Na = K = R ⇒ P = × × T Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 m Na Boltzman constant) The acid (HCl) reacts with the base (Na2CO3) to form a salt ρKT ⇒ P = m (NaCl), water (H2O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2). ∴ ρ = mP The reaction releases carbon dioxide gas, which appears as KT bubbles and causes brisk effervescence. From the above, the density is inversly proportional to the This is because carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature. temperature and pressure and is not soluble in water, so it Therefore, The density of an ideal gas can be doubled by escapes as bubbles from the solution. halving the Absolute temperature The effervescence indicates that a gas is being produced Hence, option-3 is correct due to the reaction. The amount of carbon dioxide released will depend on the 8. The correct answer is Carbon Dioxide. amount of washing soda and hydrochloric acid used. One carbon atom is covalently doubly linked to two oxygen The more washing soda and hydrochloric acid used, the atoms in each of the molecules that make up carbon more carbon dioxide gas will be produced. dioxide. At room temperature, it exists as a gas. 11. The correct answer is 17. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide serves as a greenhouse Given꞉ gas because it absorbs infrared radiation despite being The atomic mass of Nitrogen is 14 and that of Hydrogen transparent to visible light. is 1 Buckminsterfullerene꞉ Hence, The molecular mass of NH3 = ( 1 × 14 ) + ( 3 × 1 ) A spherical carbon allotrope called buckminsterfullerene Molecular mass of NH3 = 17 gm/mole (C60) has 60 atoms arranged in pentagons and 12. The correct answer is Newlands' law of octaves. hexagons, giving it a shape resembling a soccer ball. The 62 elements that were then known were examined in Diamond꞉ 1864 by British scientist John Newlands. With its atoms grouped in what is known as a diamond According to the law of octaves, every eighth element cubic crystal structure, a diamond is a solid form of the possesses characteristics that are identical when the element carbon. elements are ordered in ascending order of atomic mass. Graphite꞉ Cobalt and nickel are isolated from iron, which shares many Carbon exists in its crystalline form as graphite. of its physical characteristics. Graphene is layered in layers to make it. The Law of Octaves was no longer relevant with the 9. The correct answer is Sodium to Chlorine. discovery of noble gases. Metallic character refers to how readily an atom loses an Newland's Law of Octaves' limitations꞉ electron. In Newland's periodic table, several elements fit into the Conversely, the non-metallic character is concerned with same positions. how readily an atom gains electrons. Nickel and cobalt, for instance, were put in the same slot. As we move from left to right in a period, the atomic radius Elements with dissimilar properties were grouped decreases due to which attraction between the nucleus and together. electrons increases. For instance, several metals, such as cobalt, nickel, and Due to this attraction, it is easier to gain electrons rather platinum, were classed with halogens. than lose them. The octaves of Newland's law was only accurate for Therefore, the non-metallic character increases as we move elements up to calcium. from left to right in a period.  It was impossible to fit elements with larger atomic Acids that dissociate completely when dissolved in water masses within octaves. are called strong acids. The octave pattern could not accommodate the later Examples of strong acids are Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), found components. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (HNO3) etc. As a result, there was no room for the discovery of new Acids that dissociate partially when dissolved in water are elements using this system of classifying elements. called weak acids. Mendeleev's periodic table꞉ Examples include Acetic acid (CH3COOH), Oxalic acid, Mendeleev stated that "Element characteristics are a periodic function of their atomic weight" in his renowned Carbonic acid (H2CO3) etc. periodic law. In an aqueous solution, if the concentration of acid is low, Dobereiner's triads꞉ then it is called dilute acid and if the concentration is high, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner discovered groups of it is called concentrated acid. elements having related properties and named them Acids react with metals and release hydrogen gas. Dobereiner's triads. 15. The correct answer is C2H3OH - Methanol - Methyl Alcohol Modern periodic table꞉ Alcohols are organic compounds formed when a hydrogen The elements are organized in the current periodic table atom of an aliphatic hydrocarbon is replaced by an in order of increasing atomic number. alcoholic group (-OH). The periodic table has groups and periods. The general formula for alcohol is CnH2n+1. 13. The correct answer is Calcium Carbonate. Alcohols are divided into three types namely monohydric Calcium Carbonate alcohol, dihydric alcohol and trihydric alcohol. A limestone is a form of calcium carbonate. Methyl Alcohol or Methanol is a colourless poisonous liquid Other Different forms of calcium carbonate are Chalk and is produced by the destructive distillation of wood it is and Marble. also produced by heating formaldehyde with potassium or Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the sodium hydroxide (NaOH). formula CaCO3. Its molecular formula is CH3OH. Hence option 4 is It is a common substance found in rocks as the correct. minerals calcite and aragonite (most notably as Ethyl Alcohol or Ethanol is a colourless volatile liquid, limestone, which is a type of sedimentary rock consisting produced by the fermentation of molasses or stretched mainly of calcite) and is the main component food grains. of eggshells, snail shells, sea shells, and pearls. It is also produced by treating Ethene with water in the Barium Carbonate presence of Phosphoric acid. Barium Carbonate (BaCO3) is a chemical compound Its molecular formula is C2H5OH. Barium and Carbonate ions are chemically united in a Butyl Alcohol or Butanol is an organic compound that has fixed proportion. the same molecular formula but a different structure (linear Calcium oxide structure) and occurs naturally from isobutanol. Calcium oxide is the chemical name of CaO. Its molecular formula is C4H9OH and is mainly used in Calcium oxide (CaO) compound is used as a drying agent. varnish production. The drying agent is used to remove water from an Propyl Alcohol or Propanol is a colourless poisonous liquid, organic compound. used as a germ killer and disinfectant produced by the Calcium oxide is used to dry ammonia gas. oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons. When Limestone (CaCO3) is heated, it gives Calcium Its molecular formula is C3H7OH. oxide. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CaCO3 → CaO + Co2 (IUPAC) is an international federation working for the It is also known as quick lime. advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by It is used for manufacturing cement, paper, Caustic Soda, developing nomenclature and terminology. etc. 16. The correct answer is 2n2 Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate Shells are the orbitals or paths of different and definite Calcium bicarbonate is also known as Calcium Hydrogen energies in which the electrons revolve. Carbonate. They are represented as K, L, M, and N from lower to It has a chemical formula Ca(HCO3)2. upper energies, where the innermost shell is the lowest From the above formula, we can say calcium and the outermost shell is the highest in terms of energy. bicarbonate has 2 hydrogen atoms. Each orbital is associated with a fixed number of electrons 14. The correct answer is Hydracids. i.e., the maximum number of electrons present in s, p, d, and Non-metals are elements that lack metallic properties and f subshells are 2, 6, 10 and 14. are poor conductors of heat and electricity. The maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by 2n2. They have the tendency to accept electrons and form an Hence option 2 is correct. anion. That means n=1, 2, 3...for K, L, M, N....shell. Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, Nitrogen, Fluorine etc are some The outermost shell can have a maximum of 8 electrons examples of non-metals. whereas the penultimate shell cannot have more than 8 Acids are substances that are sour in taste and have one or electrons until there are 2 electrons in the outermost orbit. more replaceable hydrogen atoms. There must be 18 electrons in the penultimate shell and 2 The acids that contain hydrogen and other non-metals but electrons in the outermost shell for an atom to have more not oxygen are called Hydracids. Hence option 2 is correct. than 2 electrons. Examples of hydracids include Hydrochloric acid (HCl), For filling the orbit with 18 electrons, the inner orbital must Hydrobromide acid (HBr), Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) etc. be complete and the outermost and the penultimate orbit Acids turn blue litmus and methyl orange to blue. must have 2 and 8 electrons. 17. The correct answer is 4 (HCl), Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Nitric acid (HNO3) etc and Oxides are compounds that are combined with one or more all are minerals. oxygen atoms, for example, Hydrogen dioxide (CO2), Water All minerals are strong acids. (H2O), Nitrogen oxide (NO2) etc. Acids have a sour taste. Hence option 4 is correct. Mixed oxide forms when two or more simple oxides Strong acids react rapidly because of the presence of a combine and these simple oxides can be the same or high concentration of H+ ions which increases the collision different. frequency compared to weak acids because of fewer A3O4 is an undefined mixed oxide and is a mixture of H+ ions. A2O3 and AO and so the element two-thirds of A has a Acids turn blue litmus and methyl orange to red and when valency of 3 and one-third has a valency of 2. they react with metals, hydrogen gas is released. Oxygen, a non-metal that has an atomic number of 8, is a When they react with metal oxides, salt and water are 16th-group element and Lead (Pb) is a 14th-group element released. with an atomic number of 82. 20. The correct answer is Thorium. The valency of oxygen is 2 and that of Lead is 4. Newland's law of octave states that when elements are Pb3O4 is a mixed oxide of two compounds PbO and PbO2. arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses in The number of oxygen atoms is 4 and so the total valency is the periodic table, the properties of the eighth element are given as 8. a repetition of the first element. The difference between the oxygen total valency and the John Newlands, an English scientist first arranged this Lead (Pb) valency (which is 4) gives the valency of the starting with Hydrogen and ending with Thorium (atomic compound i.e., 8-4 = 4. Hence option 4 is correct number = 56). Hence option 2 is correct. Oxides are divided into different types based on valency꞉ This law was discovered when none of the inert gases was Simple oxides, Acidic oxides, Basic oxides and Mixed oxides. known. Simple Oxides are made up of one metal and carry only So if we take the elements from Lithium (Li, Z =3) and that number of oxygen atoms allowed by the normal Sodium (Na, Z = 11), Sodium possesses similar properties valency of the element or metal. to Lithium. Examples of simple oxides include H2O, MgO etc. Though this law does not apply to the whole table, it is till Acidic oxide, formed by non-metals reacts with water and Calcium only and after that eighth element did not have produces acid. For example, SO2, CO2 etc. the properties of the first element. The basic oxide reacts with water to give a base and is When arranged in the increasing order of their atomic basic in nature, for example, Na2O, CaO etc. weights, Newland's law of octaves worked mostly with lighter elements. 18. The correct answer is Au Thorium (Z = 90) is a radioactive metal and is used for A metal is an element that has the tendency to lose an ceramics, telescopic and camera lenses, heat-resistant electron to form a cation and is malleable and ductile. paints, sources of nuclear power etc. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. It is also used in radiometric dating and strengthening There are over 90 metals in the periodic table and Iron magnesium. (Fe), Lead (Pb), Gold (Au), Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag) etc are 21. The correct answer is A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II some examples. Ductility is the property of a metal that can be drawn into a According to Dalton's theory, matter consists of indivisible form of a thin wire. atoms and all the atoms of an element have identical Gold (Au) is the most ductile element and also a properties including identical mass. malleable metal. Hence 4 is correct. It explained the law of chemical combination. To make the gold hard, Copper (Cu) is added to it. This theory also stated that compounds are formed when Metals have a shining surface in their pure state because of atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio. the presence of free electrons and this property is called According to the law of constant proportions, a given Metallic Lustre. compound always contains exactly the same proportion of Zinc (Zn) and Mercury (Hg) are considered the least ductile elements by weight, for example, carbon dioxide (CO2) metals because Mercury is a liquid at room temperature. contains both carbon and oxygen compounds combined in Carbon (C) is not a ductile metal. the fixed ratio of 3꞉8 by weight. All metals exist as solids at room temperature except This is also called as law of definite proportions. mercury (Hg). Cations are positively charged ions i.e, more protons than Malleability refers that a thin sheet that can be formed by electrons and are formed when a metal loses its electrons. hammering a metal. For example, Ca2+, K+, Ag+, Zn2+, Na+ etc. Malleability is directly proportional to temperature. If the Anions are negatively charged ions i.e., more electrons than temperature increases, malleability increases. protons, formed when a non-metal gains electrons. Gold is the most malleable and Aluminium, Zinc, Lead, Iron, For example, OH-, Cl- etc. and Copper are also malleable metals and Nickel is the Sulphate is a compound made of sulfur and oxygen, and it least malleable metal. is an anion with the formula SO42- whereas oxalate is an 19. The correct answer is Acids are those chemical substances anion with the formula C2O42-. and Ammonium ion (NH4+) that have a salty taste. Acids are substances that are sour in taste and have at is a cation. least one replaceable hydrogen atom or an element that Atomic mass is the mass exactly the same as the one- can donate a hydrogen ion to another element. twelfth mass of one carbon-12 atom and molecular mass is They are corrosive in nature and are good conductors of the sum of atomic masses of all the elements present in a electricity. molecule. Strong acids are acids which dissociate completely in water, So, the gram atomic mass of an element and the gram for example, Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Hydrochloric acid molecular mass of a compound contains the same number of molecules. Hence option 2 is correct. 22. Th