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Readings in the Philippine History The Genealogy, Genesis, Originality, Interpretation, Authorial authority of the document. And the Competence History means “HISTORIA”, a Greek word means...

Readings in the Philippine History The Genealogy, Genesis, Originality, Interpretation, Authorial authority of the document. And the Competence History means “HISTORIA”, a Greek word means and Trustworthiness of the observer, knowledge through inquiry or investigation. IN TERMS OF HISTORICAL REABILITY: HISTORY is known as the study of past. It is the continuous process and written in chronological order of Primary sources: the closer the date of creation, the more events. It also focuses writings about wars and revolutions. reliable one. Secondary sources: the more recent, the more reliable one. PREHISTORY is the period where information of the past were recorded trough artifacts, cave paintings, drawings, REPOSITORIES are places or buildings where things may sculptures. be stored. HISTORIOGRAPHY is the study of history; “How it was Published documents: public distributions (books, literary written? Who wrote it? When was it written? works, magazines) HISTORIANS are those who seek meaning of the past. Unpublished documents: difficult to locate, confidential, restricted from public. (personal letters, journals, etc.) HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY are rules and methods that historians follows. BIOGRAPHY is an account of someone’s life written by someone else. AUTOBIOGRAPHY is an account of a HISTORICAL SOURCES: every kind of evidence of past person’s life, written by that person. events: Primary sources and Secondary sources “If you don’t know history, then you don’t know Primary sources are sources produced at the same and history” –Michael Crichton direct time period. (Ex: Diaries, letters, interviews, photographs, eyewitness, autobiographies, journals.) “It’s impossible for historians to not use secondary sources due to difficulty in accessing primary sources.” – Secondary sources are sources produced by an author using Louis Gottschalk primary sources. (Ex: Journals, magazines, books, thesis, dissertations, commentaries, textbooks.) “No document, no history” means a certain event cannot be considered as historical fact unless it was prove by a WHEN EXAMINING A SOURCE, THE HISTORIAN written document. MUST CONDUCT: “Facts cannot speaks for themselves” it’s not the External criticism is the context of the source (physical historian’s job to seek evidences and facts but also interpret looks) External criticism is the content of the source and give meaning to them. (actuality) Discrimination in the validity of history: Destroyed at war PRIMARY SOURCES VS SECONDARY SOURCES: and not recorded in paper. PRIMARY SOURCES: Close as possible to what actually Why study history? To understand how events in past happened during a historical event. made things the way they are today. Studying history helps Advantages: accurate, reliable, provides window to the past, us understand peopleand society, and it also provides and provides direct information. identity. Disadvantages: incomplete, little context, limited copies. Skills that you may develop in studying history: Ability to assess evidence, ability to assess conflict interpretation, Six points of inquiries to evaluate the authenticity of a and assessing past example of changes. primary source: Some primary sources may be unwritten. (oral traditions, Date: when was it written? Location: where did it oral histories, artworks, and artifacts.) originate? Authorship: who wrote it? Analysis: basis for its production? Integrity: what’s its original form? “Diary of Anne Frank”-primary source (Anne Frank, Credibility: value of its content? teenager, WW2) SECONDARY SOURCE: Secondhand information, “after “Long walk to freedom: The autobiography of Nelson the fact” later date. Mandela”-primary source (Nelson Mandela, event of his life.) Advantages: provides interpretation, evaluation to readers to get expert view, and organized. Sound recordings messages of President Roosevelt during WW2-primary source Disadvantages: their reliability are open to questions and does not present firsthand knowledge. Interview of Barack Obama during the 2008 election- primary source Evaluation of secondary sources using internal criteria (7 factors):