Reading in Philippine History chapter 1.pdf

Reading in Philippine History  Overview 01 02 03 04 Meaning and Primary and Internal and Kinds and Relevance of Secondary External Repositories of History Sources Criticism Primary Sources MEANING AND...

Reading in Philippine History  Overview 01 02 03 04 Meaning and Primary and Internal and Kinds and Relevance of Secondary External Repositories of History Sources Criticism Primary Sources MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF History What is History History is the study of past events, particularly in human affairs. It involves analyzing and interpreting these events to understand how they have shaped the present. Nature of History It is a narrative of change over time, focusing on human activities and interactions. History is both a science (systematic study of facts) and an art (interpretation and storytelling) RELEVANCE OF 01 Understanding the Present History Studying history, we can understand the roots of current issues and events. Historical knowledge helps us contextualize modern problems, policies, and social dynamics. 02 Learning from the Past History teaches us valuable lessons, helping us avoid repeating mistakes. It allows us to recognize patterns and trends that can inform future decisions. RELEVANCE OF 01 Building National Identity History History helps to create a sense of identity and continuity, fostering pride and belonging. For the Philippines, understanding its history helps appreciate the struggles and achievements that have shaped the nation. 02 Promoting Cultural Awareness: Through history, we gain insight into different cultures and traditions, fostering respect and understanding. It enhances our appreciation for the diversity within our nation and the world. Distinction of Primary and Secondary Sources  Primary Sources Primary sources are original, firsthand documents or artifacts created during the time under study. They serve as direct evidence of historical events. Examples: Written Documents: Diaries, letters, official records, newspapers. Visual and Audio Records: Photographs, videos, films, audio recordings. Artifacts: Tools, clothing, art, architecture. Other Forms: Speeches, interviews, eyewitness accounts.  Secondary Sources Secondary sources are interpretations, analyses, or evaluations of primary sources. They are created by someone who did not experience the event firsthand. Examples: Books and Articles: History textbooks, biographies, scholarly articles. Documentaries: Films or shows analyzing historical events. Essays and Reviews: Critical analyses or opinions based on primary evidence. Encyclopedias and Reference Works: Summarized historical information.  Internal and External Criticism  Internal Criticism Definition: (Focuses on the Content of the source) Internal criticism is the process of evaluating the content of a historical source to assess its credibility and accuracy. It focuses on the quality of the information within the document itself. Key Questions to Ask Accuracy: Is the information factually correct? Consistency: Are there contradictions or inconsistencies in the document? Context: Does the content align with other known facts from the same period? Author’s Perspective: Is there any bias or subjective opinion that may affect the reliability of the information? Example: Analyzing a letter written by a historical figure to verify if the events described match other records from that time.  External Criticism Definition: (Focuses on the Authenticity of the source) External criticism involves examining a historical source's authenticity, origin, and physical characteristics. It determines whether the source is genuine or a forgery. Key Questions to Ask Authenticity: Is the document or artifact original and not a reproduction? Provenance: Where and when was the source created? Who created it? Physical Examination: Does the material, writing style, or format match the period? Intention: What was the purpose of the source, and who was the intended audience? Example: Verifying the authenticity of a historical manuscript by analyzing the type of paper, ink, and handwriting style used.  KINDS OF PRIMARY SOURCES Written Documents Visual and Audio Records Artifacts Other Forms Textual records were Media that captures Physical objects from Oral presentations and created during the images and sounds the past that provide addresses from period under study. from the past. material evidence. historical figures. Kinds and Repositories of Primary Sources  01 Archives Repositories of Primary Sources Collections of historical documents and records. Example: National Archives of the Philippines, Local Archives 02 Libraries Institutions housing a range of historical documents and materials. 03 Museums Institutions preserving and displaying historical artifacts.  04 Digital Repositories Repositories of Online databases and archives provide access to digital versions of primary sources. Primary Sources Example: Digital Archives of the Philippines: Online collections of historical documents. Historical Digital Libraries: Platforms like JSTOR and Google Books offer access to primary sources.