Lesson 1: Introduction to History PDF

Pepe mo mabaho Lesson 1: Introduction to History To understand history 1. Why do people do the things we History was derived from the greek word do? historia which means inquiry or...

Pepe mo mabaho Lesson 1: Introduction to History To understand history 1. Why do people do the things we History was derived from the greek word do? historia which means inquiry or the 2. How can we explain human knowledge acquired by investigation. It was behavior? Herodotus (484BC-425BC) a Greek historian 3. Under what circumstances do who is considered to be the "Father of people take certain actions?​ History." 4. In what circumstances do they take surprising actions? a branch of the Social Sciences that deals with the systematic study of significant past, Philippine History is a people's history. As a branch of knowledge that records and defined by Renato Constantino, history is the explains past events and which concerns "recorded struggle of people for ever people and human nature. increasing freedom and for and newer and higher realization of human person." It is not Take a look at the definitions of history in about the story of man as the individual, but some western dictionaries. man as the associated man. From webster dictionary: a chronological In addition to, in one of the articles of Peter record of significant events (such as those Stearns in the American Historical affecting a nation or institution) often Association website, here are the reasons including an explanation of their why we should study history: causes From Oxford: The whole series of past events a. History helps us understand people connected with a particular person or thing and societies - history offers a store house of information about how History provides us with a sense of identity people and societies should behave. and an idea on the greatness of one's b. History helps us understand change nation. It can help us understand our and how society we live in came to present and even our future by studying this be - Only through studying history discipline. can we grasp how things change, to comprehend the factors that cause Dr. Zeus Salazar, a retired professor from the the change and understand what University of the Philippines defined history or elements of an institution or society "kasaysayan" in a way that we Filipinos persist despite of change. would understand and give us a sense of pride. Social Sciences Psychology OLD MAPS Can explain our story​ Geography Pepe mo mabaho Law History has no subject matter of its own. Of Sociology course, the subject matter of history covers History all the persons and all events that have Anthropology happened in the past. It is actually very Archaeology broad since it does cover everything that Economics has happened in the society including all Linguistics aspects from political, economic social, Political Science culture etc. ​ History synthesizes knowledge from other Historiography fields. Since it covers all phenomena, History - refers to the study of history itself as a branch of the Social Sciences analyzes - analyzes ​the history writer​, the the relations of different events, their cause motives of the writer​, the sources of and effects using also the knowledge used the writer​ in other fields of the Social Sciences such as - the context when the history was Anthropology, Sociology Economics etc. ​ written - Theories are applied and other History illuminates pieces of the past. History historical methods. provides for explanations of things that happened in the past. By looking at May 10, 1897 - Katipunan founder and relationships of different events and supremo Andres Bonifacio and his brother phenomena, it provides explanations for Procopio were brought to the mountains of seemingly unexplainable gaps. Maragondon, Cavite where Maj. Lazaro Makapagal and his men executed them History is constantly changing. Since claims after Makapagal read the verdict of the to historical facts are based on personal Council of War that tried them for treason. accounts, documents and artifacts, a historian makes an analysis based only on Elements of History available sources of data. The historian 1. Historian - refers to the person writing cannot conclude something which is the history. baseless. Unlike other Social Sciences which 2. Place - The location where the can gather actual and real time data or history was written conduct experiments to test their hypothesis, 3. ​Period - Refers to the context of the historians have to rely on what is available. time when the history was written. Therefore, when new data are discovered, 4. Sources - Refers to the basis of claims previous historical accounts can be or analysis of the historian such as changed. ​ documents, written or oral accounts. Pepe mo mabaho k. Official records like marriage contract, transcript, birth certificate Lesson 2: Sources of History etc. There are two types of sources in history: The treasures above can be found in what 1. Primary you call repositories of sources, and these 2. Secondary are: a. Archives Primary Sources b. Libraries a document that was written or an c. Museums object that was created in the time period d. Historical Societies in which you are working. They offer a direct e. Private hands / Collectors insight into what happened. These are f. Research Institutions materials directly involved in the event or g. Others topic being studied. It doesn't need to be an original one, but its content should not be changed. Secondary Sources provides direct or firsthand evidence are sometimes created from the about an event, object, person, or work of primary sources, or an interpretation of it. art​ These are one or more steps removed from the evidences by eyewitnesses or time or event being studied. According to created by people who experienced the Gottschalk, this is the testimony of anyone said event or phenomena.​ who is not an eyewitness—that is of one who was not present at the event of which he Below are examples of primary sources: tells. a. Coins interpretations of history They b. Letters describe, discuss, interpret, comment upon, c. Diary analyze, evaluate, summarize, and process d. Manuscript primary sources.​ e. Photographs products of people or writers who f. Sketches and drawings were not part of the event or phenomena. g. Maps h. Material evidence of pre-historic Below are examples of secondary sources: past like cave drawings, ancient a. Books writing etc. b. Articles i. Newspapers c. Magazines j. Film footage d. Encylopedias e. Criticisms f. Scholarly Journals Pepe mo mabaho g. Others.. 6. Sematics - determining the meaning of a text of word 7. Hermeneutics - determining ambiguities Historical Criticism ❖ Internal Criticism - Checks the So, how do historians choose the source to reliability of the sources. It examines use in writing a narrative of the past Well, the content as to its truthfulness and there are two very important criticisms that factuality. It checks also all the they should apply. possible agenda, propaganda and the purpose of those who wrote or ❖ External Criticism - physical produced them. examinations of sources like documents, manuscripts, books, The Problem of Credibility, pamphlets, maps, inscriptions and Relevant particulars in the document monuments. – is it credible? Verisimilar – as close Authorship-author’s name as what really happened from a Date and place of critical examination of best available publication sources ​ Textual errors Meaning of words Test of Credibility The problem of authenticity, 1. Identification of the author to spot fabricated, forged, or faked 2. Determination of the approximate documents and to distinguish a hoax date or misinterpretation. 3. Ability to tell the truth 4. Willingness to tell the truth Test of Authenticity 5. Corroboration 1. Determine the date of the document to see whether they are anachronistic Lesson 3: Rizal’s Life – Family, Childhood, Anachronistic - something and Early Education old-fashioned or antique 2. Determine the author Parents 3. Anachronistic style 4. Anachronistic reference to events Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado Y 5. Provenance or custody Alejandra II Pepe mo mabaho - His father was from Biñan and was - her nickname was Neneng; she born on May 11, 1818. married Manuel T. Hidalgo from - He studied Latin and Philosophy at Tanawan, Batangas. the College of San Jose in Manila. - He excelled in the Paciano Dominican-owned school. He was - Rizal's younger brother; after Jose diligent and spoke rarely, but was shot, he joined the Philippine accomplished much. Revolution and became a general; - He died on January 5, 1898 at the after the uprising, he settled on his age of 80. farm in Los Baños. He had two children with his partner Severina Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda Decena. He died on April 13, 1930 at - His mother was born in Manila on the age of 79. November 8, 1826. - Teodora studied at the College of Nacisa Santa Rosa, a renowned school for - Her nickname was Sisa; she married women in the city. Antonio Lopez, a teacher from - She was gentle in demeanor, had a Morong. strong will, and was proficient in Mathematics and Literature. Olimpia - She passed away on August 16, 1911 - Her nickname was Ypia; she married at the age of 85. Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator in Manila. She studied at What does Rizal mean? Colegio de la Concordia. She died due to prolonged labor. - The Claveria Decree of 1849 mandated the use of Spanish Lucia surnames for the citizens of the - She also studied at Colegio de la Philippines. Concordia. She married Mariano - The surname Rizal comes from the Herbosa of Calamba, who was the Spanish word “ricial," which means nephew of Padre Casañas. Herbosa "green fields" or "rice fields. died in 1889 and was refused Christian burial because he was the The Rizal siblings brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal. Saturnina Maria - The eldest among the siblings - Her nickname was Biang; she married Daniel Faustino Cruz from Biñan, Laguna. Pepe mo mabaho “Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita​, Concepcion Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda” - Her nickname was Concha; she died of an illness at the age of three. Where was Rizal's first school? Josefa Biñan, Laguna - Her nickname was Panggoy; she became the president of the How did Rizal experience cruelty from the women's group of the Katipunan. Spaniards at a young age? She died unmarried at the age of 80. Trinidad - Teodora’s half-brother, Jose Alberto - Her nickname was Trining; she also wanted to divorce his wife, whom he died as an old maid at the age of alleged to be having an affair with 83.​ another man. Teodora persuaded him to put up with her and preserve Soledad their marriage. Since then Jose - Her nickname was Choleng; she Alberto went often to Calamba to married Pantaleon Quintero from seek advice from Teodora.. Later Calamba.​ Jose’s wife and an officer of the Guardia Civil (presumably this was What is the name of the pet dog of Rizal? learned by his wife, who then suspected Jose Alberto and Teodora His fellow companion is his black dog plotting something evil to her the named “Usman” same one who was refused horse fodder) then accused Jose Alberto His 3 uncles added inspiration to him and Teodora of trying to poison Jose 1. Gregorio Alberto – work hard, to Alberto’s wife. Teodora was named think for himself, and observe life as an accomplice. Jose Alberto, the keenly main suspect. 2. Jose – sketch, paint, and sculpt - Paciano, whose close association 3. ​Manuel – swimming, fencing, with the executed priest Father Jose wrestling and other sports. Burgos, put him on the list of those who were being closely watched by What poem did Rizal write when he was the government. eight years old? - Francisco’s building of a sugar mill on a disputed land was being Sa Aking Mga Kabata questioned by the friar manager of the Casa Hacienda. Pepe mo mabaho Where did Rizal attend secondary school? noon recesses. He paid three pesos for those extra Spanish lessons Ateneo de Municipal/Ateneo de Manila​ Who was the first teacher of Rizal in Ateneo? How did Rizal entered Ateneo? Father Jose Bech June 10, 1872 - Rizal accompanied by His first professor was a thin, tall man with a Paciano went to Manila slight hunchback and a stern expression. The Father Magin Ferrando - was the college priest was known to have a temper, often registrar, refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for lashing out at his colleagues and behaving two reasons: (1) he was late for registration childishly at times. (2) he was sickly and undersized for his age Manuel Xerez Burgos - because of his What are the two favorite novels that Rizal intercession, nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal read when he was in high school and was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo​ greatly influenced him? Why did he use “JOSE RIZAL” as his name in 1. Count of Monte Cristo Ateneo? 2. Travels in the Philippines This was the advice of his brother Paciano, Who is his favorite teacher? fearing that Jose might get into trouble if it became known that they were siblings if Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez they used the surname Mercado. At that a great educator and scholar, one of Rizal’s time, Jose was the only one in the family professors who inspired him to study harder who used the surname Rizal and to write poetry​ Rizal topped all his classmates in all subjects Who runs the Ateneo de Manila? and won five medals at the end of the school term Jesuits/Heswita​ Founded in 1859 by the Society of Jesus as Which teacher doesn’t have any belief in Escuela Municipal de Manila, it is the Rizal? second-oldest Jesuit-administered institution of higher learning in Asia-Pacific.​ Father Jose Vilaclara advised Rizal to stop communing with the How did Rizal practice the Spanish Muse and pay more attention to more language? practical studies To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private Who was his teacher in painting and lessons in Santa Isabel College during the sculpture? Pepe mo mabaho Where did he go to college? Rizal studied painting under the famous Spanish painter, Agustin Saez, and sculpture UST - Philosophy under Romualdo de Jesus, noted Filipino sculptor What was the winning poem of Rizal in the contest? What is the first sculpture of Rizal? A La Juventud Filipina (Para sa Kabataang Sagrado Corazon de Jesus Pilipino) Give examples of literary works he created What was the winning literary work of Rizal in while at Ateneo.​ the contest? Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First El Consejo de los Dioses (“The Council of the Inspiration), 1874 Gods”)​ - the first poem Rizal probably wrote during his days in Ateneo What zarzuela did Rizal write? - dedicated to his mother on her birthday Junto Al Pasig (Sa tabi ng Pasig) - Rizal wrote it before he was 14 years old Did Rizal Graduate in UST? Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance No Between Religion and Good Education) - Rizal showed the importance of religion in education First Voyage Around the World Among other poems he wrote were the The First Voyage Around The World by following: Antonio Pigafetta gave us an account of the experiences of around 270 people who Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) - this poem joined the expedition. ​ was written in 1875 when Rizal was 14 years old; it was a brief ode It contains an accurate and detailed A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary) - description of everything they saw in their another religious poem which doesn't have travels. exact date when it was written Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My The book was written by Antonio Pigafetta Town) - a tender poem in honor of on board in one of the 5 ships that was first Calamba, the hero's natal town to circumnavigate the world during a Pepe mo mabaho Spanish expedition that was led by the LapuLapu - the first defender of our Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan. ​ sovereignty. - Pigafetta's journal is the only known Antonio Pigafetta, the author of the book, document about him. was on board the Victoria; this was the only ship that was able to return to Spain. The Battle of Mactan delayed the Spanish occupation by 40 years. ​ Filipinos who were living in the Philippines before or upon the arrival of the Spaniards. On Aug. 10, 1519, Magellan set sail with 270 They may also be referred to as “natives” or men and five ships: ​ the “early Filipinos” 1. the Trinidad (commanded by They arrived in Zamal (Samar at present). Magellan), ​ The island was called Humunu (now 2. the San Antonio, ​ Homonhon) Magellan and his men called it 3. the Victoria, ​ Acquada da li buoni Segnialli (“the 4. the Conception, ​ Watering-place of Good Signs”). 5. the Santiago​ On April 1, 1521, according to Pigafetta,the Author first mass in the Philippines was held in Mazaua (Limasawa)​. It was attended by The author of the "First Voyage Magellan, Raia Colambu (Rajah Kolambu), Around The World" is Antonio Pigafetta or Raia Siaui (Rajah Siagu), Spanish voyagers, also known as Antonio Lombardo or and the local islanders ​ Francisco Antonio Pigafetta. He was Born in 1491. Pigafetta was On April 15,1521 a mass was held in Zubu from a rich family of Vicenza on the west with Raja Humabon and 800 natives were portion of Venice, Italy baptized into Christianity.​ Other authors present Pigafetta showed the queen an image of our Lady, a very beautiful wooden child There is no other author present. Jesus, and a cross. She asked for the little Antonio Pigafetta was the only author of the child Jesus to keep in place of her idols and "First Voyage Around The World" this image of child Jesus is now known as the because he was positioned as a Sto. Niño found in Cebu. well-educated scholar and close companion of Ferdinand Magellan, which Blood compact - an ancient ritual to allowed him to observe and document the validate an agreement or friendship. journey in detail. While around 270 men embarked on the voyage, only 18 survived, Pepe mo mabaho and most were common sailors without the Who is the present owner? ability or interest to keep detailed records. - Four extant manuscripts are owned Any other potential accounts were likely lost by different institutions in different due to the harsh conditions and events of countries — two owned by the expedition, leaving Pigafetta's Bibliothique National in Paris, one at meticulous documentation as the only Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, and comprehensive firsthand record of the one at Yale University. circumnavigation. Other writings of the author FAQs: - Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo Right date that they arrived is March 17, - (First Voyage Around the World) 1521 instead of March 16. Regole sull’arte del navigare (Rules on the Art of Navigation) They first arrived in Zamal (Zamar) Date and Publication Ferdinand Magellan hindi naikot ang mundo, because he died in the PH. Si Juan 1522 - Antonio Pigafetta returned to Venice Sebastian Elcano ang nakaikot to report his notes to his superior. 1525 - Several copies of the manuscript was Victoria capt. Elcano survived and naikot distributed to European monarchs. ang mundo 1550-1529 - It was published by Giovanni Battista Ramusio. Enrique de Malacca interpreter of Magellan Where? Matan (Mactan) is the place where - Antonio Pigafetta wrote his detailed Magellan and Lapu-Lapu fought. account of the circumnavigation while he was in Spain and later Rajah Humabon wanted to spread finished the other parts when he christianity kaya naglaban si lapu-lapu and came back to Venice, Italy. magellan When? Hindi nagkita si Lapu-lapu and Mangellan - Pigafetta began writing his account while fighting, they don’t know each other. of the chronicle in 1522 and he Magellan died with a poisoned arrow shot in continued to refine the manuscript his right leg. until 1525. Pepe mo mabaho Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos, The Customs of Tagalog also known as Customs of Tagalogs. It is intended to give the Spanish colonial Author authorities a comprehensive account of the religious, political, and social practices of Juan De Plasencia Born in the 16th century the Tagalog people to the illustrious family of the Portocarreros in Plasencia in the region of Extremadura, OTHER WRITINGS OF THE Spain. AUTHOR-CORROBORATE Juan De Plasencia was a Spanish friar of the Aside from Relacion de las Costumbres de Franciscan Order. He was among the first Los Tagalos (Customs of Tagalogs), he also group of Franciscan missionaries who arrived wrote religious and linguistic books such as: in the Islands on July 2, 1578 La Santina, and most notably the Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine), the first book He spent most of his missionary life in the ever printed in the Philippines Philippines, where he founded numerous towns in Luzon. As soon as he arrived, he joined with another missionary, Fray Diego DATE AND PUBLICATION de Oropesa, and they both started preaching around Laguna de Bay and “Customs of Tagalog” by Juan de Plasencia Tayabas, Quezon, in Quezon Province, was not published in his lifetime. The where he founded several towns. document was written in the late 16th century but was only published IS THERE ANY OTHER AUTHOR PRESENT? IF posthumously, in 1863, by the Spanish NONE, WHY? historian and editor, Mariano Cuartero There is no other author. Juan de Plasencia The document was written in the Philippines, was the only author of "Customs of the specifically in Nagcarlan, Laguna the area Tagalogs”. The document is mostly credited that was under Spanish colonial rule, where to him alone because it is based on his Plasencia was active as a missionary. observations and reports from his time in the Philippines It was written between 1589 and 1590 WHY DID HE WRITE THE DOCUMENT? The original manuscript is held by the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain Plasencia’s continuous interaction with the people he converted to Christianity "Customs of the Tagalog" by Juan de enabled him to write a book entitled Plasencia is considered an authentic Pepe mo mabaho document. It is a primary source written by Kartilya ng Katipunan a Spanish missionary who lived in the Philippines during the late 16th century. The document provides detailed observations Cadiz Constitution and descriptions of the customs, social Drafted by the Cadiz Cortes as practices, and daily life of the Tagalog resistance to Napoleon’s invasion people under Spanish colonial rule. Its First liberal constitution in Spain authenticity is supported by its historical Limited the power of the Spanish context, the background of its author, and King the preservation of the original manuscript. Granted representation to colonies FAQ: Spanish Empire in the 9th Century American colonies lost Class system in barangay Tension between liberalism and 1. Dato / Chief conservatism 2. Nobles / maharlika - It did not help that the 3. Alaping namamahay / commoner Spanish King decided to pass 4. Alaping sagigilid / slaves on the Spanish Empire to his daughter instead of his what do you call a former slave or a former brother alipin but not a Maharlika? ​Timawa. They Monarchy vs Republic are also called as free people or free men. - 1873: First Spanish Republic - 1874: Restoration of Women who are healers, priestess Babaylan monarchy What do you call a babaylan that that is a La Solidaridad former man and wants to become a - La Solidaridad was established to woman, to become a babayalan? Bayugin express the goal of the Reform (baklang babaylan) Movement towards achieving assimilation with Spain. the first published book in the Philippines. - The social, cultural, and economic Doctrina Christiana conditions of the colonial Philippines was published here. who's the alipin and who's the Maharlika? By - Speeches of the Spanish liberals Alternate about the Philippines was also featured in the newspaper. - The newspaper came out once every two weeks. Pepe mo mabaho - The first issue saw print on February 1. Jose Rizal 15, 1889 - Physician and novelist - The last issue was published on - Pen Name: Dimasalang and November 15 1895. Laong Laan - The Solidaridad’s first editor was - Works: Noli Me Tangere and Graciano Lopez Jaena. El FIlibusterismo - Marcelo H. Del Pilar took over in 2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar October 1889. Del Pilar managed - Lawyer and journalist the Soli until it stopped publication - Pen Name: Plaridel due to lack of funds. 3. Graciano Lopez Jaena - Publisher of La Solidaridad Some of our heroes used pen names when - Works: “Fray Botod,” they wrote their articles. This is to prevent “Esperanza,” and “La Hija del persecution for freely expressing their Fraile,” grievances against the Spanish colony. At the age of 18, Graciano Lopez Jaena wrote the satirical story Fray Writers Pen Names Botod which depicted a fat and 1. Jose Maria 1. Jomapa lecherous friar. Panganiban 2. Taga ilog Although the story was not 2. Antonio 3. Laong-laan, published, a copy circulated in Iloilo Luna Dimasalang and this made the friars so furious. 3. Jose Rizal 4. Pingkian, 4. Emilio Dimasilaw, Jacinto Dimas-alam Title: The Christian Virgins Exposed to the 5. Mariano 5. Kalipulako, Rabble Ponce Naning, The work of Felix Resurrection 6. Graciano Tikbalang Hidalgo who is acknowledged as Lopez 6. Diego Laura one of the Great Filipino Painters. Jaena 7. Agapito It is said to be depicting the 7. Andres Bagumbaya Bonifacio n wrongdoings of the Friars 8. Marcelo H. 8. Plaridel, (Dominicans, Franciscans, Del Pilar Dolores Augustinians) who were hiding their 9. Juan Luna Manapat horrible personalities behind their 10. Apolinario 9. Buan robes. Mabini (Moon) Title: Spoliarium by Juan Luna 10. Bini The painting was submitted to the Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes THE PROPAGANDISTS: Most Prominent in 1884 in Madrid, where it garnered Members the first gold medal. Pepe mo mabaho These and the other works helped An organization that envisioned a aroused the nationalistic sentiments united Filipino nation that would of the Filipinos inspiring them to fight revolt against the Spaniards for total the oppression of the Spaniards. independence of the country from Spain. GOALS OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT They wanted this nation to be al Recognition of the Philippines as a liberal republic (Haring Bayang province of Spain Katagalugan) Equal status for both FIlipinos and Spaniards Katipunero Profile Restoration of Philippine According to Jim Richardson, most representation in the Spanish Cortes Katipuneros were middle-class Secularization of Philippine parishes. white-collar workers (based on - Secularization: Transfer of Masangkay’s account). Parishes to Diocesan Clergy This meant that the Katipunan’s Recognition of human rights Revolution was a bourgeois democratic revolution, NOT a Revolt Note: The Propaganda Movement never of the Masses. (To be fair, Agoncillo asked for Philippine independence at first did not have access to the sources because its members believed that once Richardson had) Spain realized the pitiful state of the country, the Spaniards would implement the changes the Filipinos were seeking. But, Spain refused, so the Propagandists began entertaining the idea of independence. The propaganda fueled the emergence of much stronger resistance against the Spaniards, revolutions. Spearheaded by Andres Bonifacio founding the KKK or the Katipunan from his faction of Rizal’s Liga. KKK Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Founded by former members of La Liga FIlipina) Pepe mo mabaho Andres Bonifacio believed that a In one battle at Majayjay, Laguna on 1898, revolution is the only remedy to gain he was wounded in his legs and after it independence from Spain. healed, he went into the battlefield again. With the execution of Jose Rizal in Unfortunately, he caught malaria and died Bagumbayan now Luneta, the KKK at the age of 24 on April 16, 1899.​ gained more supporters and so the fight of the Filipinos continued with - His remains was first buried in Sta. the use of arms now known in history Cruz, Laguna. After several years, it as the Philippine Revolution. was transferred to Manila North Cemetery.​ Emilio Jacinto - He was married to Catalina de Jesus Emilio Jacinto was known as the who was pregnant when he died.​ “Brains of the Katipunan” (Agoncillo, - In 1970, the remains of Jacinto was 1993). transferred again in Himlayang According to Bonifacio he is the Pilipino Memorial Park in Quezon “eye and soul” of the Katipunan. City. A statue of Jacinto riding in a He obtained his Bachelor of Arts horse in the form of revolution could degree in Colegio de San Juan de be found in the shrine.​ Letrán. He took law at the University of Santo Tomas but his studies was FAQs interrupted by the revolution. 1. What is the title of the rules and (Jacinto was classmates with Manuel regulations that Andres Bonifacio Quezon, Sergio Osmena and Juan wrote on how to become a good SUmulong in UST Law) katipunero? His pen names are Pingkian - Decalogue of the Katipunan (Inflamable), Dimas-Alam and 2. Is Andres Bonifacio the first supremo? Dimas-Ilaw - No, Deodato Arellano is the first supremo Nagsilbi sa iba’t-ibang kapasidad si Jacinto 3. What is the whole acronym of KKK? sa samahan: - Kataastaasan, - Kanang-kamay at tagapayo ni Kagalanggalangang, Bonifacio Katipunan ng mga Anak ng - Kalihim ng Kilusan Bayan - Direktor aklatan at limbagan ng 4. Why is the acronym for “anak ng Katipunan bayan” ZZLIB and not ANB? - Patnugot ng pahayagang - Because they have their own “Kalayaan” secret letters - Heneral ng Rebolusyon 5. What is the meaning of “pagpipita”? - It means own determination Pepe mo mabaho 6. What are the three passwords to enter the katipunan? Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan has no other - Gomburza author because it is Emilio Aguinaldo's - Anak ng bayan memoir, based on a diary he kept, many - Rizal papers he saved, and family legends 7. What is the reason behind the gathered from his elders. kartilya ng katipunan not being published? WHY DID AGUINALDO WROTE THE GUNITA - Because they are a secret NG HIMAGSIKAN? society 8. How did the katipunan recruit a - To help our historians fill in the gap of member? the past and to connect the - Through the triangle method scattered parts of our history and to preserve the past of our nation for the generations to come - Awakening the inherent heroism and nationalistic spirit of the filipinos against any forcign invaders that we may preserve our hard-carned-freedom. Gunita ng Himagsikan - In Addition. the book shows as whole, the cruelty of the Spaniards AUTHOR and the Americans. The different types of government under Emilio Aguinaldo Aguinaldo, and even the struggies of (March 22. 1869 - February 6. 1964 ) the filipinos in the attainment of - An author of Moa Gunita no freedom Himagsikan. - A native Tagalog speaker but also OTHER WRITINGS OF THE fluent in Spanish language AUTHOR-CORROBORATE - Only president to have taken his oath of office inSpanish IIt was presumed by Ambeth Ocampo - He attended San Juan de Letran (2017) that a second volume was also College in ManilaA Filipino (cader drafted by Aguinaldo, which could have and politician who fought for covered the resumption of the Philippine thePhilippines' independence revolution against Spain and the Philippine - American war. IS THERE ANY OTHER AUTHOR PRESENT? IF NONE, WHY? DATE AND PUBLICATION Pepe mo mabaho 5. Who won Vice-President? WHEN WAS IT PUBLISHED? IFIT'S NOT. WHY? - Mariano Trias 6. Who won the Kapitan Heneral? Gunita ng Himagsikan" was first published in - Aremio Recarte 1964. It was published by C. Aguinaldo 7. Who won the Director of War? Suntay and distributed by the Cellar Book - Emiliano Regeo De Dios Shop in Detroit. Michigan. 8. Who won the Director of Interior? USA. - Andres Bonifacio 9. Who was the one who asked the WHERE WAS IT WRITTEN? position of Andres Bonifacio and what was the reason why he asked The memoir was written in Tagalog by his position? General Emilio Aguinaldo between 1928 - Daniel Tirona asked the and 1946. Aguinaldo decided to publish his position of Andres Bonifacio memoirs in 1967. Manila. Philippines. after because he is not a lawyer. much deliberation. 10. How many times did Aguinaldo lose the election? WHO IS THE PRESENT OWNER OF THE - 3 times DOCUMENT? 11. Is Emilio Aguinaldo present during the time of the election? The Aguinaldo family owns the original - False, he was in battle during (manuscript of the "Gunita ng Himagsikan". those times It has been maintained and stored at the 12. What did Andres Bonifacio say after Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite. and the Daniel Tirona challenged his Aguinaldo Muscum in Baguio. position? - “HIndi baga bago tayo FAQs nagpulong ay pinagkaisahan 1. If Andres Bonifacio is the “hari ng natin na sino man ang bayan,” who is the berey (?) ? lumabas o mahalal sa - Gen. Mariano Alvarez pagpupulong na ito ay 2. What are the 2 faction that exists in igagalang ng lahat.” katipunan? - Madiwag - Magdalo Pack of Biak na Bato 3. What is the activity of Madiwang and Magdalo in Tejeros, Cavite? AUTHORS - Election Isabelo Artacho 4. Who won the Presidency? - Emilio Aguinaldo Pepe mo mabaho Isabelo Artacho y Ferrandiz was a He established this government to revoke Filipino lawyer, revolutionary and the authority of the Biak-na-Bato Republic politician. and unite the revolutionary forces. He served as minister of the interior from November 1, 1897 to December DATE AND PUBLICATION 15, 1897. When was it published? If it’s not, why? Governor of Pangasinan from March 5, 1906 to 1908. It is not published but it is signed on December 14, 1897. It is not published Felix Ferrer because Filipino continue their revolution against Spanish. A Filipino lawyer and revolutionary Active member of the katipunan Where was it written? Served as the secretary of justice in the revolutionary government It was written at Biak na Bato San Miguel, Bulacan. IS THERE ANY OTHER AUTHOR PRESENT? When was it written? There were no other author present It was written on November 1, 1897 Gen. because it was only Ferrer and Artacho who Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the Republic drafted the document. of Biak-na-Bato, approved the provisional WHY DID HE/SHE WROTE THE constitution that Filipino lawyers Isabelo DOCUMENT/ARTICLE? Artacho and Felix Ferrer drafted. The provisional constitution provided for a To end the Philippine Revolution. republican government, with powers vested in a Supreme Council composed of a OTHER WRITINGS OF THE AUTHOR - President, a Vice-President, and four CORROBORATE Secretaries of State. Draft of Constitution in Hong Kong. Who is the present owner of the document? When Aguinaldo arrived from Hong Kong, National Archives of the Philippines. The he brought with him a draft of a National Archives is the institution constitutional plan drawn up by Mariano responsible for preserving such historical Ponce - establish a Federal Republic. documents. On May 24, 1898, upon the advice of FAQS Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, a dictatorial government was pushed through instead. 1. Who was the other author of Biak na Bato? - Emilio Aguinaldo Pepe mo mabaho 2. What is the Treaty of Biak na Bato all back with weapons and aid about? from foreign powers. - It is an agreement between 8. Who designed the flag of the Spanish forces and the Philippines? Filipino Revolution. - The flag was designed by 3. Who was the negotiator during those President Emilio Aguinaldo times? himself. - Don Pedro Paterno 9. Who sewed the flag? 4. How much did the Spanish - Doña Marcela Mariño de government pay the Filipino forces Agoncillo just to leave the country and stop 10. Why did they go to Macau after the revolution? Hongkong? - 800,000 Mexican pesos, but - They went to Macau for it was not entirely received. gambling and shopping. (They only received 400,000 or the half of the said amount) 5. Is the Philippine revolutionary exiled? - True. They were exiled in Declaration of Independence Hong Kong. They went there because there were other AUTHOR foreign powers there and Emilio Aguinaldo tried to ask Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista help from other countries. Born in Biñan, Laguna 6. Which country did Emilio Aguinaldo Finished his law degree in University ask for help? of Santo Tomas and practised his - He asked the American profession in Manila. forces for help under the Also known as “Don Bosyong” command of Captain Lawyer, confidant and adviser of George Dewey. Emilio Aguinaldo 7. When they were exiled in Hong Member of La Liga Filipina Kong, who was the general who was Imprisoned during the Philippine left behind in the Philippines? Revolution - General Miguel Malvar was Member of the Malolos Congress left behind. After they were Key figure in the Philippine exiled in Hong Kong, Malvar Revolution was promised that the revolutionaries would go Is there any other author present? If none, why? Pepe mo mabaho There is no other author. Ambrosio Rianzares DATE AND PUBLICATION Bautista is the sole author of the Declaration of Philippine Independence. He was When and where was this written? appointed by General Emilio Aguinaldo, the Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista wrote the leader of the Philippine Revolution, to draft Declaration of Philippine Independence on the declaration. Bautista was responsible for June 12, 1898, at the residence of Emilio creating a document that expressed the Aguinaldo in Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit), Filipino people's desire for freedom and Cavite. The declaration was presented and independence. Although Bautista was the read aloud in front of a large crowd at only author, the declaration was signed by around 4:00-5:00 in the afternoon. several individuals, including military leaders, representatives from different towns, and Who is the present author of the document? even a U.S. citizen, Colonel L.M. Johnson. The original copy of the 'Acta de la Their signatures were included to show their Proclamación de Independencia del support for Philippine independence. Pueblo Filipino' (Act of the Proclamation of Independence of the Filipino People) is Why did he/she write the document/article? currently preserved and owned by the Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista wrote the National Library of the Philippines. This "Declaration of Philippine Independence" to historical document, written by Ambrosio formally proclaim the independence of the Rianzares Bautista, is an important part of Philippines from Spanish rule. This document the country's heritage and is kept in the was created in response to years of Spanish library's archives to ensure its preservation for colonial oppression, including abuses by the future generations. In summary, the National Civil Guards, arbitrary arrests, and unjust Library of the Philippines is the current deportations. custodian of the original document, preserving it for historical and educational Other writings of the Author-Corroborate purposes. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista is best known for his work on drafting the Declaration of Authenticity of the Document Philippine Independence. This was his only The “Declaration of the Philippine major contribution to history. He did not Independence” written by Ambrosio work on other important projects or Rianzares Bautista, and translated by documents. The Declaration he helped Sulpicio Guevara is regarded as an create was crucial for the Philippines' fight authentic document. for freedom and independence. This document was a key part of the country’s struggle to become free from Spanish rule. Pepe mo mabaho FAQS 7. Why did they declare or celebrate 1. What was the title of the national the independence in the casa el anthem sung in the declaration of viejo or house of emilio aguinaldo? independence? - Because it was the home of - Martsa National Filipina the president. 2. Who is the american present during 8. What is the purpose of ambrosio the declaration? bautista why he wrote the - Colonel Lewis Mark Johnson independence? 3. What are the eight rays of the sun in - To proclaim the the Philippine flag? independence of the - The eight rays of the sun in Philippines from the Spanish the Philippine flag represent Revolution by (?) the eight provinces that first 9. Who was the person waving the flag revolted against Spanish rule, in the proclamation of Philippine namely, Manila, Cavite, Independence in Kawit, Cavite? Batangas, Laguna, Bataan, - Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista Pampanga, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija. (As of today, Bataan was removed and it was replaced by Tarlac according to the declaration Malolos Constitution of independence) 4. Why was Bataan removed and Authors replaced by Tarlac or vice versa? - Because of the conflict of Felipe Gonźalis Calderón y Roca both Antonio Luna and - Born in 1868 at Santa Cruz De Francisco Macabulos Malabon Cavite 5. What is the meaning of the three - Enrolled at University of Santo Tomas stars according to the document? and completed his studies at - Luzon, Panay and Mindanao Licentiate in Law in 1894. (LUZVIMINDA PRESENT TIME) - It is panay because panay is Felipe Buencamino y Piojo the largest island in visayas. - He was in 1848 at San Miguel de 6. Where was the document written? Mayumo, Bulacan, Captaincy - Cavite El Viejo (now Kawit, General of the Philippines. Cavite | at the house of - He also studied at the University of Emilio Aguinaldo) Santo Tomas Pepe mo mabaho Is there any other author present? If none, Republic was officially inaugurated on why? January 23, 1899. Yes, since Malolos Constitution was Where was it published? developed through a collaborative effort. The “Malolos Constitution” was written at The other authors of the Malolos Constitution Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan, in the are Apolonario Mabini and Pedro Paterno Philippines. who contributed to its adoption. When was it written? Why did he/she write the document/article? On November 29, 1898, the Malolos Constitution was drafted and later enacted Calderón and Buencamino wrote the as the Constitution of the First Philippine Malolos Constitution to provide a formal Republic in 1899. legal framework for the newly established Philippine Republic. The goal was to create Who is the present owner of the document? a structured and democratic system of The present owner of the document is not government to replace Spanish colonial rule explicitly stated online. Likely preserved by and to establish the foundations of an various institutions, possibly the Philippine independent Filipino state. government or historical archives. Other writings of the Author-Corroborate Authenticity of the document Felipe Calderón The Malolos Constitution, written by Felipe - He wrote various legal and political Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino in documents related to the Philippine 1899, was an authentic document in Revolution. Spanish. It consisted of 101 articles, with - Mis memorias sobre la revolución three proposed plans supporting its legality. filipina: segunda etapa (1898-1901) The authenticity was confirmed by history, authors, and Malolos congress. Felipe Buencamin - He was also involved in various aspects of revolutionary FAQs governance. Can you tell us of all people, why did Emilio Date and Publication Aguinaldo choose Felipe Calderon as the primary author? Because he is an abogado When was it published? / lawyer. The Malolos Constitution of 1899 was enacted on January 21, 1899, and the Pepe mo mabaho Can you tell me the three branches of government in the Malolos Constitution? 1. Legislative. - Can create a law 2. Executive. - Executes the law 3. Judicial - either approves or explains the law. is the President the most powerful position in the Malolos Constitution? NO bc they are all equal. why did they choose to write the Constitution in that church? It was a safe place during their retreat from Manila. What is the primary goal of the Malolos Constitution? To representative democracy. END.