Horse Oral Cavity Anatomy PDF

What’s Inside the Animal’s Head?  What’s Inside the Animal’s Head? 1) Skin 2) Skull bones 3) Muscles 4) Cavities: Cranial, Oral and Nasal cavities. 5) Organs and Structures: Nervous, Digestive and Respiratory.  The Skull ▪ The skull is made up of 34 la...

What’s Inside the Animal’s Head?  What’s Inside the Animal’s Head? 1) Skin 2) Skull bones 3) Muscles 4) Cavities: Cranial, Oral and Nasal cavities. 5) Organs and Structures: Nervous, Digestive and Respiratory.  The Skull ▪ The skull is made up of 34 large and small bones, of which 14 are the major pieces. ▪ Among these are: - Frontal bone shapes the horse’s forehead - Parietal bone forms the rear of the skull - Incisive and maxillary forms the upper jaw - Mandible forms the lower jaw - Occipital joins with the atlas, or first vertebra. ▪ Other bones of the skull include: - Palatine for the hard palate - Vomer for the top of nasal cavity - Zygomatic cheek bone  Cavities inside the head The skull structure is designed to allow support and protection to the brain, nerves, and blood vessels as well as other structures. The bones of the skull are arranged to contain: 1. Cranial cavity (brain and sense organs). 2. Orbital cavity: surrounds the eye and protect it. 3. Oral cavity allow passage of ingested food into the horse’s digestive tract. 4. Nasal cavity leads into the respiratory system. 5. Paranasal sinuses. 6. Middle and inner ear cavities. Cavities inside the head Oral cavity  Oral cavity - Oral cavity extends rostrally from the upper and lower lips to the pharynx caudally. - It is bounded by the lips rostrally, cheeks laterally, and dorsally by the hard palate. - Oropharynx is the caudal part that is continuous through isthmus faucium with the pharynx. - Isthmus faucium is bounded dorsally by the soft palate, ventrally by root of tongue and laterally by palatoglossal folds. - Oral cavity is divided by dental arch into oral vestibule and oral cavity proper. Both are communicated behind last molar teeth through interdental space. Oral vestibule is divided into: 1. Labial vestibule; space between incisor teeth and lips; it contains labial frenulum. 2. Buccal vestibule between cheek teeth and cheek; contains parotid papilla where the of parotid duct opens. Oral cavity Oral cavity Oral cavity  The lips ▪ Upper or maxillary lip and lower or mandibular lip. ▪ Oral cleft; entrance to oral cavity; is bounded by upper and lower lips, which unite on each angle forming oral commissure. ▪ Labial frenulum: mucous membrane fold connects inner surface of lip with gum. ▪ Philtrum: a vertical groove in the middle of upper lip presents. ▪ Gum: oral mucous membrane united to alveolar process of jaws and teeth neck.  The cheeks The cheek forms lateral wall of oral the vestibule from mouth angle to behind the last molar tooth and arises from the palate to the lower jaw. Dorsal and ventral buccal glands extend – within the cheek – between the mucous membrane and cheek muscles.  The palate The hard palate forms the oral mucous membrane of the roof of oral cavity, which is hardly attached to palatine bone. It is bounded rostrally and laterally by upper dental arch, and caudally by soft palate. The hard palate is divided into two symmetrical halves by a median palatine raphe. On either side of the palatine raphe, there are transversely directed palatine ridges (rouge)  The palate 1. Maxillary (upper) lip 2. Labial vestibule 3. Incisive papilla 4. Palatine raphe 5. Palatine ridges 6. Buccal vestibule 7. Soft palate C. Canine tooth I1-3 Incisor teeth M. Molar teeth PM. Premolar teeth S. Interdental space  The palate of horse 1. It extends from the incisor teeth to the last cheek teeth having the same width. 2. Palatine raphe is represented by a deep groove. 3. Palatine ridges are about 16-18 in number, cornfield, usually concave caudally, and extend caudally to level of soft palate. 4. Incisive papillae is oval, located caudal to the incisor teeth. It is flanked by a fissure on each side, and the duct is obliterated. The palate of dog The palate of dog