Rizal Endterm Reviewer PDF

1 LEARNING GUIDE Week No.: __10__ TOPICS: The Prop...

1 LEARNING GUIDE Week No.: __10__ TOPICS: The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad The Return, Exile, Trial, and Death of Dr. Jose Rizal EXPECTED COMPETENCIES At the end of this lesson, you must have: 1. explained the context and goals of the Propaganda Movement; 2. identified members of the Propaganda Movement; 3. discussed the purpose of the La Solidaridad and created a reflection on its impact to the present time; 4. discussed the events that led to the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal; and 5. composed an editorial (with cartoon) about how Rizal’s life and death should serve as an inspiration in creating a better nation. CONTENT Reflection Questions: 1. What do you know about the Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad? 2. Who were the proponents or advocates of this movement? 3. What did Rizal and the rest of the members dream to accomplish with this movement? 4. What events transpired prior to Rizal’s execution? 5. Would you agree with Rizal’s decision to return to the Philippines? What is the Propaganda Movement? It was the first Filipino nationalist movement from 1872 to 1892. It was led by a Filipino elite (mostly Filipinos in exile abroad) and inspired by the pro-nationalist activism of people like the GomBurZa after their execution. The members were called propagandists. Majority of the members were mestizos or of Spanish-descent whose well-to-do families could finance their studies in Madrid and Barcelona. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  2 Figure 4 The Propaganda Movement (Public Domain) It was in Spain where these young men were exposed to the disorder of the 19th century political movements inspired by the Enlightenment thought, individual rights, constitutionalism, and anti-clericalism. (Enlightenment was also known as the Age of Reason in Europe. History.com mentions that Enlightenment believers in Europe challenged the conventional administration of power and espoused the view that human conditions can be made better by doing some reasonable refinements in governments.) The Propaganda Movement’s main goal was to create reforms in the Philippines. It is an assimilationist movement that aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony. 1. They wanted the Philippines to become a province of Spain, not merely a colony. (What do you think were the reasons why the propagandists thought that it was better to be a province than a colony of Spain?) 2. They sought the expulsion of the Spanish friars from the Philippines and the secularization of the Philippine parishes. 3. Equal opportunities for Filipinos and Spain to enter government service 4. Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local products to the government) 5. As a cultural movement, they wanted to demonstrate the intellectual sophistication of the young Filipino elite through writing and the arts to show that the Filipino is on par with their Spanish peers. 6. Creation of a school system independent of the friars 7. Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association and recognition of human rights 8. Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Cortes It targeted the Spanish government and public but as an elite movement, it failed to engage with the wider Filipino population. The Spanish government had little interest in the conditions of the Philippines. This led to the movement receiving very little support. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  3 The propagandists were also considered rebels in the Philippines and many were exiled. Despite the failure of the movement, it still generated a political consciousness that fed into the nationalist revolution of 1896 and the struggle for independence that followed. Figure 5 Some members of the Propaganda Movement Jose Rizal – wrote for La Solidaridad under the name “Laon Laan” and reknowned physician-novelist Graciano Lopez Jaena – publisher of La Solidaridad and the greatest orator of the propaganda movement Marcelo H. del Pilar – the editor and co-publisher of the La Solidaridad; wrote under the pen name “Plaridel” and a lawyer; eloquent in Tagalog Juan Luna – painter and sculptor Antonio Luna – wrote under the pen name “Taga-Ilog” for La Solidaridad and an essayist Pedro Paterno – a lawyer and a man of letters This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  4 Jose Maria Panganiban – wrote for La Solidaridad under the name “Jomapa” and a linguist Mariano Ponce – wrote for La Solidaridad under the name “Tikbalang” and a medical students, as well as a biographical writer (Public Domain) Some Foreign Supporters of the Propaganda Movement Ferdinand Blumentritt – an Austrian professor and scholar; known to be Rizal’s bestfriend Figure 6 Ferdinand Blumentritt (Public Domain) Don Juan Atayde – a Spanish liberal who aided the Filipino Propagandists; founded the Circulo Hispano-Filipino in September 1882 Miguel Morayta – Rizal’s professor at the Central University of Madrid This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  5 THE LA SOLIDARIDAD Figure 7 La Solidaridad (Public Domain) A newspaper written in Spanish and was founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena who also became its first editor Became the voice of the Propaganda Movement It was published every other week and was first printed in Barcelona, Spain. The first issue came out in February 15 of 1889. It was transferred to Madrid in November 15 of the same year with Marcelo H. Del Pilar as the new editor (until November 15, 1895) Purpose of La Solidaridad 1. To voice out to the Spanish government the plight of the Philippines including the abusiveness of the friars 2. To advocate liberal ideas and progress 3. To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people for democracy. It was under the leadership of Del Pilar when the movement had stronger and bolder reforms. For almost seven (7) years, La Solidaridad became the instrument for the propagandists to be heard. Coming Home Again When Rizal planned to come back to the Philippines again, his brother, Paciano, was against it. As a compromise, he relented that Jose returns to the East, near enough so that his parents and relatives could visit him, without the Spaniards disturbing him. He left for Hong Kong. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  6 Productive Life in Hong Kong Jose Ma. Basa initially paid for Rizal’s fare to Hong Kong. He applied for his license to practice medicine while in Hong Kong. His friendship with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez helped him start his practice in Hong Kong. Figure 8 Location of Rizal’s clinic near the corner of D’Aguilar St. and Stanley St. in Hong Kong (with the red circular marker) (Source: PINOY ROADTRIP) Figure 9 Contents of the marker for Rizal’s clinic by the Hong Kong Antiquities Authority (Source: PINOY ROADTRIP) He had a reunion with his family who visited him there. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  7 Figure 10 Rizal’s place of residence in Hong Kong (Source: PINOY ROADTRIP) Figure 11 Contents of the marker for Rizal’s residence by the Hong Kong Antiquities Authority (Source: PINOY ROADTRIP) He also travelled to Sandakan, Borneo to look for an alternative place for displaced Calamba farmers. This was the “Borneo Colonization Project”. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  8 (Borneo is located in the Malay Peninsula and is considered to be the third largest island in the world. It is divided into three political constituencies: one part is under Indonesia, another part is under Malaysia and the last part is under Brunei.) In March 7, 1892, he negotiated with the British authorities in charge of the North Borneo Company and was offered 100,000 acres of land free of charge for 99 years. He continued writing even with his lucrative practice. He translated The Rights of Man (Declaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen) from French to Tagalog, Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao. The beliefs and principles contained in the document became the foundation for humanity’s quest for liberty. Britannica.com encapsulates the main point of The Rights of Man (as contained in Article 1): “… men are born and remain free and equal in rights.” Figure 12 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Jean Jacques Francois Le Barbier (Public Domain) He tried to finish a third novel, Makamisa, in Tagalog but gave it up. Paciano has also started translating Noli Me Tangere to Tagalog. He wrote “A la Nacion Española” (To the Spanish Nation”), an appeal to Spain to right the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants. Jose Ma. Basa thought of the idea of an organized group of Filipinos toward the attainment of the liberty of the Filipinos. This was later named “La Liga Filipina” Return to the Philippines He wanted to face Governor General Despujol on the fate of his North Borneo project since the governor general remained silent on Jose Rizal’s petition. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  9 Figure 13 Governor-General Eulogio Despujol (Public Domain) Together with his sister, Lucia, Rizal left Hong Kong and returned to Manila. On his arrival, he was met by Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, and other patriots to form the La Liga Filipina. La Liga Filipina A civic league of Filipinos established for the socio-economic life of the people Rizal wrote the Constitution of the Liga as well as its provisions while he was in Hong Kong. Figure 14 The cover page of the Constitution of La Liga Filipina (Public Domain) The motto of the Liga: UNUS INSTAR OMNIUM (One Like All) The aims of La Liga Filipina: o To unite the whole archipelago into one, compact and homogenous o Mutual protection o Defense against all violence and injustice o Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce o Study and application of reforms This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  10 Rizal’s Arrest While in a meeting with Gov. Gen. Despujol, printed leaflets of Probres Frailes were shown to Rizal. The former insisted that they were found in the pillow cases of Lucia. Pobres Frailes was a satire written by Fr. Jacinto, criticizing the Dominican friars for amassing riches contrary to their supposed monastic vow of poverty. Rizal was arrested and was ordered exiled to Dapitan, North Zamboanga. Exile in Dapitan Rizal was not accorded the due process of the law and was deported to Dapitan. He arrived there on July 17, 1892. This lasted for four years. Upon arrival in Dapitan, he was handed over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, the political military governor of Dapitan. He had a house, a clinic, and a school while in Dapitan. He helped in the livelihood of the people. He taught the people to run a cooperative to ensure that they have an income in buying and selling abaca and its products. He studied native medicinal plants so he can prescribe these to his patients. Figure 15 Museo ni Jose Rizal, Dapitan (Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines) This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  11 He met Josephine Bracken who would later on become his common law wife. Figure 16 Josephine Bracken (Public Domain) Pio Valenzuela (a significant personality for the Philippine Revolution) arrived in Dapitan with a blind man, but was actually there to impart to Rizal the intents of the revolution. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt updated Rizal on world events. Blumentritt also suggested that Rizal volunteers his services to the Spanish government and join forces as a doctor in Cuba as a means to end his exile. Rizal’s request was granted and was given a safe conduct pass. He returned to Manila on board the steamer España. The Final Chapter of His Life The Philippine Revolution broke out while Rizal was on board España. He was arrested while cruising the Mediterranean Sea, was imprisoned in Barcelona and was immediately deported back to Manila. In Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. He was tried on the charges of rebellion, sedition, and illegal association. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  12 Figure 17 Silid Piitan, Museo ni Jose Rizal Fort Santiago (life-size wax effigy by National Artist Guillermo Tolentino) (Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines) He was found guilty and was sentenced to death by firing squad on December 30, 1896. Figure 18 Rizal’s execution in Bagumbayan (Public Domain) This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  13 REFERENCES De Viana, A.V., et al. (2018). Jose Rizal: Social Reformer and Patriot, A Study of His Life and Times. Rex Bookstore, Inc. GOVPH. (2017, July 01). 125th Anniversary of the Founding of La Liga Filipina. Republic of the Philippines National Historical Commission of the Philippines T.M. Kalaw St., Ermita, Manila. https://nhcp.gov.ph/ 125th-anniversary-founding-la-liga-filipina/wppaspec/oc1/cv0/ab16/pt184 Harvard Divinity School Religious Literacy Project. (n.d.) The Propaganda Movement. https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/faq/propaganda-movement History.com Editors. (2020, February 21). Enlightenment. https://www.history.com/topics/british- history/enlightenment#:~:text=European%20politics%2C%20philosophy%2C%20sci ence%20and,Reason%2C%20or%20simply%20the%20Enlightenment.&text=The%2 0Enlightenment%20ultimately%20gave%20way%20to%2019th%2Dcentury%20Rom anticism. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Brittanica.(2020, July 15). Propaganda Movement Filipino history. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Propaganda-Movement The Editors of Encylopaedia Britannica. (2019, December 30). Borneo island, Pacific Ocean. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Borneo-island-Pacific-Ocean Image Sources Contents of the marker for Rizal’s clinic by the Hong Kong Antiquities Authority (photo). PINOY ROADTRIP. http://www.pinoyroadtrip.com/2014/02/my-jose-rizal-tour- series-rizal-in-hong.html Contents of the marker for Rizal’s residence by the Hong Kong Antiquities Authority (photo). PINOY ROADTRIP. http://www.pinoyroadtrip.com/2014/02/my-jose-rizal- tour-series-rizal-in-hong.html Location of Rizal’s clinic near the corner of D’Aguilar St. and Stanley St. in Hong Kong (with the red circular marker) (photo). PINOY ROADTRIP. http://www.pinoyroadtrip.com/2014/02/my-jose-rizal-tour-series-rizal-in-hong.html Museo ni Jose Rizal, Dapitan (photo). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. https://nhcp.gov.ph/museums/rizal-shrine-dapitan/ Rizal’s place of residence in Hong Kong (photo). PINOY ROADTRIP. http://www.pinoyroadtrip.com/2014/02/my-jose-rizal-tour-series-rizal-in-hong.html Silid Piitan, Museo ni Jose Rizal Fort Santiago (life-size wax effigy by National Artist Guillermo Tolentino) (photo). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. https://nhcp.gov.ph/museums/rizal-shrine-fort-santiago/ This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  1 LEARNING GUIDE Week No.: __11__ TOPIC: Noli Me Tangere EXPECTED COMPETENCIES At the end of this lesson, you must have: 1. read the novel, Noli Me Tangere; 2. identified the underlying messages in the events of the novel; and 3. compared the story to the situation of the Philippines in the time of Rizal. CONTENT Activity: Reflection Drawing from your past experiences of reading Noli Me Tangere, which scenes or characters were memorable for you? About the Novel ❑ Written in Spanish and published in 1887 ❑ Rizal criticized society under Spanish colonial rule. ❑ It revolves around the character or Crisostomo Ibarra, a mixed-race heir of a wealthy clan, returning home after seven years in Europe and filled with ideas on how to help his countrymen. ❑ Instead, he was met with an indifferent Spanish administration and a cruel, abusive societal hierarchy. ❑ The novel is filled with symbolisms of the Philippines in Rizal’s time. ❑ Brilliantly used satire to criticize the Spanish regime Character Symbolisms Crisostomo Ibarra - symbolized the idealism of the privileged youth Padre Damaso and Padre Salvi - embodied the rotten state of the clergy Maria Clara and Sisa - symbolized the country’s condition – from beauty to madness Doña Victorina de Espadaña - represented colonial mentality Don Tiburcio - a caricature of the ignorant Spaniards who took advantage of the poor Filipinos in the provinces Elias - represented the common Filipino who was aware of the injustice and wished to exact revenge Crispin - the innocents who have been wrongly accused of a crime they did not commit This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  2 Pilosopo Tasyo - symbolized the learner Filipinos who had once embraced the Spaniards but eventually became disenchanted Characters Crisostomo Ibarra - a Filipino who studied in Europe for 7 years, the main character of the novel and the love interest of Maria Clara Elias - Ibarra’s mysterious friend, a fugitive Maria Clara - Ibarra’s sweetheart; the illegitimate daughter of Padre Damaso and Pia Alba Padre Damaso - a Franciscan friar and Maria Clara’s biological father Linares - Maria Clara’s would-be fiancé; a distant nephew of Don Tiburcio Sisa - mother of Crispin and Basilio, who went insane after losing her sons Crispin - the younger son of Sisa who died at the hands of the soldiers Basilio - the elder son of Sisa Kapitan Tiago - also known as Don Santiago de los Santos, the known father of Maria Clara Padre Salvi - described as thin, sickly and silent; a secret admirer of Maria Clara Pilosopo Tasio - an intelligent pessimistic old man Don Filipo - close relative of Ibarra and a filibuster The Alferez - mortal enemy of the priests for the power in San Diego Don Tiburcio - a charlatan who is limp and submissive to his wife Doña Victorina - a woman who passes herself off as one of the Peninsulares; wife of Don Tiburcio Doña Consolacion - wife of the Alferez; also passes herself off as a Peninsular Pedro - abusive husband of Sisa; loves cockfighting Chapter Summaries ❑ Chapter 1: A Social Gathering ❑ Capitan Tiago hosts a dinner in his house. Readers are introduced to some of the characters as they converse with one another while waiting for the meals. ❑ Chapter 2: Crisostomo Ibarra ❑ Capitan Tiago introduces Ibarra to the guests. The later also was introduced to Padre Damaso who arrogantly denied being a friend of the late Don Rafael Ibarra. ❑ Chapter 3: The Dinner ❑ At dinner, they were served Tinola. The conversations centers on Crisostomo’s travels to several countries, which Padre Damaso belittles. This embarrassed the young man. ❑ Chapter 4: Heretic and Filibuster ❑ Lieutenant Guevarra explained to Crisostomo what happened to his father. Don Rafael Ibarra was imprisoned for killing a Spanish tax collector, not going to confession, and for subscribing to the newspaper El Correo Ultramar. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  3 He was also branded as a heretic, a filibuster, and a subversive. He was said to have died in prison. ❑ Chapter 5: A Star in a Dark Night ❑ Ibarra was haunted by the visions of his father being unjustly imprisoned and dying without seeing him. He imagines the anguish and grief suffered by his father while he was away in Europe. ❑ Chapter 6: Capitan Tiago ❑ Was described as one of the richest landowners in Binondo, Pampanga, and Laguna. He was close friends with Don Rafael Ibarra and arranges the marriage of their children. ❑ Chapter 7: An Idyll on an Azotea ❑ Crisostomo visits Maria Clara. They talked about the years they have not seen each other. Maria Clara reads an old letter than Ibarra wrote for her before he left for abroad. ❑ Chapter 8: Recollections ❑ Ibarra mulls over the unchanged state of his country. ❑ Chapter 9: Local Affairs ❑ Padre Damaso wants to stop the marriage planned for Crisostomo and Maria Clara. Padre Sibyla and an unnamed priests discuss the dangerous implication to the country of Crisostomo Ibarra’s foreign education. ❑ Chapter 10: The Town ❑ A chapter describing the beauty and history of San Diego ❑ Chapter 11: The Rulers ❑ The town is basically ruled by two persons: Padre Salvi and the Alferez (married to Doña Consolacion). ❑ Chapter 12: All Saints ❑ A gravedigger recollects how he was ordered by a fat curate to dig up the body of a person to be reburied in the Chinese cemetery. Because it was raining, the gravedigger just dumped the body into the river. Tasio arrives at the cemetery searching for the skull of his dead wife. ❑ Chapter 13: Signs of Storm ❑ Crisostomo learned about what happened to his father’s body. Angered, he left the cemetery and met Padre Salvi at the gate. He attacked the friar whom he mistook for Padre Damaso. ❑ Chapter 14: Tasio: Lunatic or Sage ❑ Tasio discussed with Don Filipo that purgatory does not exist since neither the bible nor Jesus Christ mentions it. ❑ Chapter 15: The Sacristans ❑ Crispin and Basilio are worried because the former was accused of stealing two gold coins and was ordered to remain in the church until the money is returned. ❑ Chapter 16: Sisa ❑ The mother of the two sacristans prepares a meal consisting of duck leg, wild boar’s meat, tomatoes and five pieces of fish. But her husband arrives, and eats all the food, leaving only three pieces of fish. Only Basilio came home. ❑ Chapter 17: Basilio This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  4 ❑ The child arrives, wounded by a gunshot. Later that night, he dreamt that his brother was beaten up and killed by the Curate and Sacristan Mayor. ❑ Chapter 18: Souls in Torment ❑ Women in the convent talked about purgatory and their sins. Sisa arrives with vegetables hoping that the Curate will forgive her son. But she was told that Crispin is not in the church. ❑ Chapter 19: A Schoolmater’s Difficulties ❑ Ibarra converses with a schoolmaster who was helped by his father. The later informs Ibarra of the obstacles he encountered in teaching the children. ❑ Chapter 20: The Meeting in the Town Hall ❑ Town officials discuss the fiesta celebration. ❑ Chapter 21: The Story of a Mother ❑ Sisa is arrested by the Guardia Civil, suffers and becomes insane. ❑ Chapter 22: Lights and Shadows ❑ Ibarra invites Maria Clara, her friends, and Padre Salvi to a picnic in the woods. ❑ Chapter 23: Fishing ❑ Ibarra and Maria Clara with their friends went fishing. Elias killed a crocodile entangled in the fishing nets. ❑ Chapter 24: In the Wood ❑ Padre Salvi spies on Maria Clara and her friends while they bathe. The Guardia Civil was looking for Elias, the boatman, who had thrown the Alferez into a mudhole and had assaulted Padre Damaso. ❑ Chapter 25: In the House of the Sage ❑ Ibarra consults Tasio about the school building he plans to build. The sage advised him not to pursue his project. ❑ Chapter 26: The Eve of the Fiesta ❑ People are busy preparing for the fiesta. Ibarra remains optimistic at the progress of his school building project but Tasio continues to advise him to be careful. ❑ Chapter 27: In the Twilight ❑ Maria Clara and Ibarra, together with their friends, go for a walk. Maria Clara, in an act of compassion, gives her locket to a leper. ❑ Chapter 28: Correspondence ❑ Features letters between various characters, one of which was between Ibarra and Maria Clara. Maria Clara was worried that Ibarra might be sick so she sent Andeng to make some tea for her lover. ❑ Chapter 29: The Morning ❑ A procession is held during the last day of the fiesta. ❑ Chapter 30: In the Church ❑ Rowdy parishioners push each other while dipping their hands in the holy water. They also await for Padre Damaso’s sermon. ❑ Chapter 31: The Sermon ❑ Padre Damaso reprimands some natives who after receiving education in Manila and in Europe, are not offering him the honor due of his rank like kissing his hand. Elias warns Ibarra that his life is in danger. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  5 ❑ Chapter 32: The Derrick ❑ Ibarra almost had an accident at the site for his school building wherein the derrick suddenly falls apart, dropping a heavy block of stone. ❑ Chapter 33: Free Thought ❑ Elias visisted Ibarra at his house and informs him again that he has many enemies out to ruin him. ❑ Chapter 34: The Dinner ❑ Padre Damaso belittles Ibarra for building a school. The later remained silent but when the friar insulted Don Rafael’s honor, Ibarra lunges at him with a knife in hand. Luckily, Maria Clara intervenes. ❑ Chapter 35: Comments ❑ The town discusses the incident between Padre Damaso and Ibarra. Others criticized Ibarra for his lack of self-control. Others think he will be branded as a filibuster. But there were others who agreed with Ibarra, commenting that he did the right thing protecting his father’s honor and memory. ❑ Chapter 36: The First Cloud ❑ Capitan Tiago tells Maria Clara that he has agreed to break his daughter’s wedding engagement to Ibarra. He also added that she would now marry a relative of Padre Damaso, Alfonso Linares. ❑ Chapter 37: His Excellency ❑ The governor-general talks to Ibarra about the dinner incident and assured him that he will be protected. ❑ Chapter 38: The Procession ❑ There was another procession wherein Tasio sees the poor clothing of the saints and sarcastically remarked that the saints would be ashamed if they see the lifestyle of their fellow servants of God. ❑ Chapter 39: Doña Consolacion ❑ Sisa was maltreated by the wife of the Alferez, Doña Consolacion. She was whipped when she refused to dance. The Alferez arrives and stopped the whipping, ordering a servant to feed the insane woman, clothe her and have her treated by a doctor. ❑ Chapter 40: Right and Might ❑ Maria Clara, her friends, Don Filipo, and Padre Salvi watches a play. Padre Salvi orders Don Filipo to stop Ibarra from watching. Padre Salvi walked out when Don Filipo refuses to follow his orders. ❑ Chapter 41: Two Visits ❑ Elias informs Ibarra that Maria Clara is sick with fever. ❑ Chapter 42: The Espadañas ❑ Don Tiburcio and his wife, Victorina, together with the Linares, arrives at the house of Capitan Tiago. ❑ Chapter 43: Plans ❑ Linares introduces himself to Padre Damaso. ❑ Chapter 44: An Examination of Conscience ❑ Padre Salvi looked extra pale and sweaty after Maria Clara’s confession. He revealed to Maria Clara who her real father is. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  6 ❑ Chapter 45: The Hunted ❑ Elias talked to the leader of some bandits in Batangas. He told them that Ibarra can help them without commiting violence against the government. ❑ Chapter 46: The Cockpit ❑ Lucas, a relative of the man who died in the school site accident, approaches two men named Bruno and Tarsilo, to recruit them to join an attack organized by Ibarra against the barracks. ❑ Chapter 47: The Two Señoras ❑ Doña Victorina and Doña Consolacion started exchanging insults and almost got into a fight. ❑ Chapter 48: The Enigma ❑ Ibarra wishes to inform Maria Clara that his excommunication is lifted, but upon arriving at her house, he sees her with Linares. He decided to visit the school site instead. ❑ Chapter 49: The Voice of the Hunted ❑ Elias converses with Ibarra telling him that with his education and position in society, he can ask the Spanish government to implement radical reforms. Ibarra objects, saying that the religious corporations and the Guardia Civil are necessary evils that must be tolerated by the society. ❑ Chapter 50: Elias’s Story ❑ Elias narrates his misfortunes and life story. Elias’s great grandfather - Was a bookkeeper for a Spaniard, was accused of arson. He was then flogged and paraded in the streets of Manila. - Shamed and disgraced, his wife became a prostitute, while one of his sons became a notorious bandit. - The other son traveled until he got hired as a laborer and married a rich woman. This was Elias’s father. Elias - Was educated in Manila - When the family’s past was revealed, they lost everything. - His sister committed suicide - He roamed the provinces as a hunted and lonely man. ❑ Chapter 51: Exchanges ❑ Padre Salvi informs Linares, Maria Clara and Capitan Tiago that Ibarra’s excommunication has been lifted. They are just waiting for Ibarra to ask forgiveness from Padre Damaso. ❑ Chapter 52: The Cards of the Dead and the Shadows ❑ Three men were at a cemetery waiting for Lucas. They were discussing the impending attacks on the barracks and the church which they believed was organized by Ibarra. ❑ Chapter 53: Il Buon Di Si Conosce Da Mattina (Ang Mabuting Araw ay Nakikilala sa Umaga) ❑ Don Filipo visits Tasio the Sage, who was still ill. Tasio praises Filipo for resigning from his work, saying that resistance must be used against all person who abuse their authority. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  7 ❑ Chapter 54: Revelations ❑ Padre Salvi warns the Alferez about an impending attack on the town. ❑ Elias alerts Ibarra on the imminent attack on that town and that it will be blamed on him. He helps Ibarra dispose some letters that might implicate him. ❑ Elias finds out that Ibarra’s great grandfather was the man who accused his great grandfather arson. ❑ Chapter 55: The Catastrophe ❑ Ibarra was arrested by the Guardia Civil when the attack failed. Elias sets fire on Ibarra’s house to destroy any evidence that could implicate Ibarra in the failed attack. ❑ Chapter 56: Rumors and Beliefs ❑ Rumors circulate around the town about the attack. People assumed that Filipo, Ibarra, and some bandits were caught in the night. ❑ Chapter 57: Vae Victis! ❑ The Guardia Civil tortured Tarsilo to obtain a confession from him but he remained silent regarding the mastermind of the attack up to his death. ❑ Chapter 58: The Accursed ❑ Relatives of the arrested waited outside the barracks. Ibarra, together with other prisoners were led to their cells to be transported. Ibarra was cursed, stoned, and ridiculed by the people. They blamed Ibarra for the misfortunes and hardships of the people. ❑ Chapter 59: Patriotism and Private Interests ❑ The people of Manila falsely blamed Ibarra of the failed rebellion. The friars praised Padre Salvi for alerting the authorities about the rebellion. Others criticize the Jesuits because Ibarra had been educated at the Ateneo. It was actually Padre Salvi who planned the rebellion to frame Ibarra. ❑ Chapter 60: Maria Clara Weds ❑ Maria Clara asks forgiveness from Ibarra for she is about to be married to someone else, but vows that she will always be faithful to him. ❑ Chapter 61: The Chase on the Lake ❑ Elias jumps into the river to mislead the pursuers, giving Ibarra the chance to escape. ❑ Chapter 62: Padre Damaso Explains ❑ Maria became distraught when she learns that Ibarra has been killed, trying to escape. Maria Clara asks Padre Damaso to break her marriage engagement and to permit her to enter the nunnery. He eventually agreed. ❑ Chapter 63: Christmas Eve ❑ Basilio returns to San Diego to look for his insane mother. He runs after her into the forest. ❑ Sisa dies after eventually recognizing her son. Basilio lost consciousness. ❑ When he came around again, Elias found him and orders Basilio to cremate him (Elias) and his mother. ❑ Chapter 64: Epilogue ❑ Padre Damaso is reassigned as a parish priest to a distant province but is found dead the next day. ❑ Maria Clara became a nun. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  8 ❑ The Alferez went back to Spain and left his wife. ❑ Doña Victorina continues to live the life of a Spanish woman. ❑ Two Spanish guards see an insane nun standing at the top of the Sta. Clara convent during a raging storm. Themes 1. Abuse of Power 2. Family Devotion 3. Self-Sacrifice 4. Patriotism 5. Education vs Radicalism REFERENCE KapitBisig.com Philippines. (2020). Noli Me Tangere by Dr. Jose Rizal. Retrieved from https://www.kapitbisig.com/philippines/information/arts-and-literature-noli-me- tangere-by-dr-jose-rizal-berlin-february-21-1887_182.html This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  1 LEARNING GUIDE Week No.: __12__ TOPIC: El Filibusterismo EXPECTED COMPETENCIES At the end of this lesson, you must have: 1. read the novel, El Filibusterismo; 2. identified the underlying messages in the events of the novel; 3. discussed the universal themes in the novel; and 4. compared the story to the situation of the Philippines in the time of Rizal CONTENT Reflection: Think about the sudden change of tone in Rizal’s second novel, El Filibusterismo. Compare and contrast what you remembered about this novel with the tone of Noli Me Tangere. About the Novel ❑ Also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed ❑ The second novel written by our national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal ❑ It is the sequel to Noli Me Tangere and was also originally written in Spanish. ❑ Rizal began writing this novel in October 1887 when he first came home and stayed in Calamba. ❑ ❑ He made revisions while he was in London in 1888 and continued working on the manuscript when he travelled to Paris, Madrid, and Brussels. ❑ He finally completed it on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz and was published in Ghent in the same year. ❑ Events happened 13 years after Noli Me Tangere ❑ Partly dedicated to the GOMBURZA (Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora) ❑ Addressed the “Filipino people and their Government” in the foreword of the novel Characters ❖ Simoun o Crisostomo Ibarra disguised as a wealthy jeweler o Left for dead at the end of Noli Me Tangere o Described as sporting a beard, blue-tinted glasses, and a revolver This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  2 o Secretly plans a revolution to seek revenge against those who wronged him ❖ Basilio o Son of Sisa o A graduating medical student o Became a servant of Kapitan Tiago o His girlfriend is Juli. ❖ Isagani o Basilio’s friend o One of the students who planned to set up a new school o A poet portrayed as emotional and idealistic o His girlfriend was the rich and beautiful Paulita Gomez o He sabotaged Simoun’s plans ❖ Kabesang Tales o Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former cabeza de barangay who resurfaced as the feared Luzon bandit Matanglawin o He is the son of Tandang Selo and the father of Juli and Tano. o He symbolized the situation of the Calamba farmers. ❖ Paulita Gomez o Niece of Doña Victorina o Ex girlfriend of Isagani o She dumps Isagani because she believed she has no future if she marries him o Ends up marrying Juanito Pelaez ❖ Macaraig o One of Isagani’s classmates at the University of Santo Tomas. o A rich student o Serves as the leader of the students who want to build the Academia de Castellano. ❖ Father Florentino o Isagani’s godfather and a secular priest o Chose priesthood over marriage o Chose to be assigned to a remote place, living in solitude ❖ Juanito Pelaez o A favorite student of the professors o Belongs to a noble Spanish ancestry o He became the new boyfriend of Paulita Gomez and eventually married her. ❖ Don Custodio o Custodio de Salazar y Sanchez de Monteredondo o A famous journalist who was asked by the students about his decision for the Academia de Castellano o Married a rich woman to be a member of Manila’s high society ❖ Juliana de Dios/Juli o Girlfriend of Basilio o Youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales ❖ Ben Zayb o Abraham Ibañez o A journalist who thinks he is the only one thinking in the Philippines ❖ Placido Penitente o A student of the University of Santo Tomas This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  3 o He was considered to be so smart that the parish priests called him a subversive. ❖ Father Camora o Parish priest of Tiani (San Diego) o Depicted as fond of women o He raped Juli which caused the latter to commit suicide. Chapter Summaries Chapter 1: On the Upper Deck Novel begins with the Steamship Tabo as the setting. Readers are introduced to the characters including Simoun, Doña Victorina, Don Custodio, Ben Zayb and the priests. Chapter 2: On the Lower Deck Basilio and Isagani converse with a Don about the students’ plan to establish a Spanish academy. The Don expresses pessimism. Chapter 3: Legends The wealthy passengers shared stories and legends of interesting places and spots along the river. When Ben Zayb asked the captain the exact spot were a man named Ibarra was killed. He observed that Simoun remained quiet and thoughtful. Chapter 4: Cabesang Tales A chapter dedicated to the plight of the family of Cabesang Tales. Chapter 5: A Cochero’s Christmas Eve A cochero was being abused by a Guardia Civil for not bringing his cedula. Basilio hears about the abduction of Cabesang Tales. Chapter 6: Basilio Basilio visits the grave of his mother and Elias. He recounts what happened 13 years ago. Chapter 7: Simoun Basilio finds Simoun digging near the grave of his mother. The jeweler tried to convince Basilio to cooperate in his plans for revenge but the young one refuse to be a part of it because he believes that revenge would never bring his mother and brother back. Chapter 8: Merry Christmas! Tandang Selo realizes that he’s alone on Christmas Day because his granddaughter Juli will be working for Hermana Penchang while his son, Cabesang Tales, is still held by the bandits. Chapter 9: Pilates People talked about the misfortune of Tandang Selo and his family. The friar blames Cabesang Tales for being abducted while Hermana Penchang blames the family for their hardhip because they did not teach Juli how to properly pray. Chapter 10: Wealth and Want Simoun visits Cabesang Tales to sell his jewelry. He finds out that Tales has stolen his revolver. New of three murders circulated around town: This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  4 Chapter 11: Los Baños Town officials including the Governor-General talked about the student’s proposed Spanish academy. But there were a lot of disagreement so no decision is made. Tandang Selo was arrested in place of his son, Tales. Chapter 12: Placido Penitente & Chapter 13: The Class in Physics There was no laboratory equipment while instruments are never used. Placido had an argument with his Physics professor about attendance and ended up walking out from disgust and frustration. Chapter 14: In the House of the Students Arriving at the school dormitory, Makaraig announces that the decision to issue the permit for building the academy has been passed to a commission headed by Don Custodio. The students then devise schemes to influence Don Custodio or Señor Pasta, a lawyer, to give a favorable decision. Isagani volunteers to persuade Señor Pasta to support and to endorse their project. Chapter 15: Señor Pasta Isagani approaches Señor Pasta to persuage him to support and endorse the students’ project of putting up a school. He immediately opposed the idea to avoid provoking the friars. Chapter 16: The Tribulations of a Chinese Quiroga, a Chinese businessman, hosts a dinner in his house. Simoun asks him to store some rifles in his warehouse as exchange for the debt the Chinese merchant owes him. Chapter 17: The Quiapo Fair The guests left to watch Mr. Leeds’ show. Padre Camorra ogles the young women at the fair especially Paulita Gomez. Chapter 18: Legerdemain Mr. Leeds presents to them a box containing some ashes that had been found in one of the pyramids of Egypt. Upon shouting a magic word, the ashes come to life and the Sphinx named Imuthis narrates his sad story. A priest, he says, was in love with his sweetheart and in order to eliminate him, he was implicated in a rebellion. Imuthis was then arrested but was killed in a lake while trying to escape. Seeing the parallelism between Imuthis' story and that of Crisostomo Ibarra, Padre Salvi faints when the Sphinx starts calling him murderer, slanderer, and hypocrite. Chapter 19: The Fuse Placido Penitente meets and joins Simoun in his trip around the city. Placido learns that Simoun is organizing a revolution in order to rescue Maria Clara from the convent. Chapter 20: The Arbiter Don Custodia studies his decision regarding the students’ proposal. After consulting with Señor Pasta and Pepay the dancer, he has come to a decision. Chapter 21: Manila Types This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  5 The people of Manila watch in the Teatro de Variadades. A Spaniard tasked to put poster for the upcoming shows saw Simoun ordering men to stop a civil unrest. Chapter 22: The Performance Juanito Pelaez pretends to understand French to impress Paulita Gomez but mistranslated some French words. Padre Irene watches in disguise. Don Custodio was also there. The students learned about Don Custodio’s decision. Chapter 23: A Corpse Simoun convinces Basilio in vain to assist in the revolution initiated by the jeweler, adding that a revolution is necessary to rescue Maria Clara at the Sta. Clara nunnery. Basilio informs Simoun that Maria Clara is dead. The jeweler leaves the house weeping, tormented and bereaved. Chapter 24: Dreams Paulita dismisses Isagani’s ideas about progress and economic development in the country. She believes they are unattainable. Chapter 25: Smiles and Tears The students organize a banquet at a panciteria to honor Don Custodio and his decision about the Spanish academy. His decision includes that the academy will be supervised by the Dominican order and the students would collect contributions for the proposed school. Chapter 26: Pasquinades Basilio was informed that seditious posters and revolutionary posters were found at the university implicating the student organization. Basilio and Macaraig were among those who were arrested. Chapter 27: The Friar and the Filipino Isagani argues with Father Fernandez regarding the ways that the friars are teaching the students to inhibit their aspirations to be free. The friar believed that education should only be given to those who deserve it. Chapter 28: Tatakut Gossips about the arrest of the students spread around town. Chapter 29: Exit Capitan Tiago Capitan Tiago dies and Padre Irene becomes executor of his will. He has given all his properties to Sta. Clara, to the pope, to the archbishop and to religious corporations. Chapter 30: Juli Juli was deeply troubled by Basilio’s arrest. She was convinced to asked help from Father Camorra to intercede for Basilio. When she heard that Basilio is about to be shot, she went to the friar. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  6 Chapter 31: The High Official A high official tried to convince the Governor-General to release Basilio who he believes is innocent. The Governor-General insists that innocent individuals must suffer in order to restore order and to cow the people into submission. Because of this disagreement, the high official resigns and goes back to Spain. Chapter 32: Effect of the Pasquinades Juanito Pelaez and some students are suspended from their classes. In jail, Basilio learns the sad news of Juli’s death. Simoun befriends Don Timoteo Pelaez, who is now busy preparing for the wedding of his son to Paulita Gomez. Chapter 33: La Ultima Razón Basilio is released from prison and decided to join Simoun’s revolution. The jeweler explained the plan to him including the placing of a dynamite-laden lamp at an important gathering. The explosion will signal the attack. Chapter 34: The Wedding Basilio, while waiting for the signal, walked aimlessly in the streets. When he saw the scene at the venue for the wedding of Paulita and Juanito, he realizes that this was the important gathering that Simoun mentioned. Chapter 35: The Fiesta Basilio saw Simoun place the lamp at the center of the house. Before he left, he saw Isagani and convinced him to leave the place and stay away. He explained about the lamp. Isagani, still in love with Paulita, rushed to get the lamp and threw it at the river. Chapter 36: Ben-Zayb’s Afflictions News that bandits have attacked the friar’s country house. The robbers who were caught described a Spanish mestizo as the one who ordered them to attack the city. The description points at Simoun. Chapter 37: The Mystery It was revealed that Simoun is the mastermind behind the incident at the wedding. The lamp was supposed to start the fire and ignite the gunpowder around the place. Chapter 38: Fatality A group of prisoners is being escorted by soldiers when they were ambushed. The commotion led Carolino, one of the members of the Guardia Civil and the son of Cabesang Tales, to kill the leader of the bandits and an old man who turned out to be his own grandfather, Tandang Selo. Chapter 39: Conclusion Simoun, wounded and exhausted, goes to Father Florentino's house to hide from the Guardia Civil that are out to arrest him. After taking a poison, he informs the friar of his true identity. He says that he is the fugitive Juan Crisostomo Ibarra and that this was the unsuccessful attempt to corrupt the government in order to start a revolution that would free the country. Father Florentino reprimands Simoun, saying that freedom cannot be won through violence and bloodshed but by education, constant work, and suffering. After Simoun died, the friar threw his wealth into the sea. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  7 Themes 1. Vengeance 2. Socio-political change 3. Hypocrisy and Cruelty 4. Education, Patriotism and Social Reform 5. “Violence is Not the Answer” 6. Redemption REFERENCES KapitBisig.com Philippines. (2020). El Filibusterism0 by Dr. Jose Rizal. Retrieved from https://www.kapitbisig.com/philippines/information/arts-and-literature-noli-me- tangere-by-dr-jose-rizal-berlin-february-21-1887_182.html This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  1 LEARNING GUIDE Week No.: __13__ TOPIC: Rizal Through the Eyes of the Filipino Youth EXPECTED COMPETENCIES By the end of the activity, you must have created a video contextualizing Rizal in the modern time. CONTENT Instructions: The class will be divided into three groups. Each group must think of a concept that will center on this topic: How do we make our national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal, relevant and appreciated in the modern times? What values or characteristics of our national hero would you want to highlight/emphasize to the youth of today? Come up with a title and create a short video (not exceeding five minutes). It can be in the form of song, spoken poetry, dramatization, narration, etc. You can utilize pictures, music, and other elements that are relevant to your topic. Rubric: Content/Organization/Clarity: 30 points (there is a smooth progression of ideas reflected in the video; the message/idea that is expressed in the video is clear and easy to follow; the pictures, music and other elements used in the video are relevant to the topic) Impact/Effectiveness: 10 points (the video is able to capture the interest of the viewer from start to finish; the video can move the audience into action) Teamwork: 10 points (members of the group contribute to the total effort – either through a clear/evident role or through related activities) Total: 50 points REFERENCE De Viana, A.V., et al. (2018). Jose Rizal: Social Reformer and Patriot, A Study of His Life and Times. Rex Bookstore, Inc. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.