Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the main goal of the Propaganda Movement?
What was the main goal of the Propaganda Movement?
To create reforms in the Philippines
Who were some of the members of the Propaganda Movement?
Who were some of the members of the Propaganda Movement?
The Propaganda Movement aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony.
The Propaganda Movement aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony.
True
Jose Rizal wrote for La Solidaridad under the name '_____'.
Jose Rizal wrote for La Solidaridad under the name '_____'.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the member of the Propaganda Movement with their role:
Match the member of the Propaganda Movement with their role:
Signup and view all the answers
Who almost had an accident at the site for his school building when the derrick fell apart?
Who almost had an accident at the site for his school building when the derrick fell apart?
Signup and view all the answers
Ibarra was arrested by the Guardia Civil when the attack failed.
Ibarra was arrested by the Guardia Civil when the attack failed.
Signup and view all the answers
Who was accussed of stealing two gold coins in Chapter 15: Sisa?
Who was accussed of stealing two gold coins in Chapter 15: Sisa?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the character with the action they did:
- Elias
- Capitan Tiago
- Padre Salvi
Match the character with the action they did:
- Elias
- Capitan Tiago
- Padre Salvi
Signup and view all the answers
What is the motto of La Liga Filipina?
What is the motto of La Liga Filipina?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the aims of La Liga Filipina? Select all that apply.
What were the aims of La Liga Filipina? Select all that apply.
Signup and view all the answers
Jose Rizal was accused of rebellion, sedition, and illegal association.
Jose Rizal was accused of rebellion, sedition, and illegal association.
Signup and view all the answers
Rizal's common law wife was Josephine ___.
Rizal's common law wife was Josephine ___.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following characters with their symbolisms:
Match the following characters with their symbolisms:
Signup and view all the answers
Who was behind the planned rebellion to frame Ibarra in the city of Manila?
Who was behind the planned rebellion to frame Ibarra in the city of Manila?
Signup and view all the answers
Who did Maria Clara ask forgiveness from in Chapter 60?
Who did Maria Clara ask forgiveness from in Chapter 60?
Signup and view all the answers
Who lost consciousness when he found Elias and was ordered to cremate Elias and his mother in Chapter 63? Basilio lost _______, who found him.
Who lost consciousness when he found Elias and was ordered to cremate Elias and his mother in Chapter 63? Basilio lost _______, who found him.
Signup and view all the answers
Who is the main character who disguised himself as a wealthy jeweler in El Filibusterismo?
Who is the main character who disguised himself as a wealthy jeweler in El Filibusterismo?
Signup and view all the answers
Father Florentino chose marriage over priesthood.
Father Florentino chose marriage over priesthood.
Signup and view all the answers
Who informed Simoun that Maria Clara is dead?
Who informed Simoun that Maria Clara is dead?
Signup and view all the answers
Paulita agrees with Isagani's ideas about progress and economic development in the country.
Paulita agrees with Isagani's ideas about progress and economic development in the country.
Signup and view all the answers
In Chapter 25: Smiles and Tears, the students organize a banquet to honor Don Custodio for his decision about the Spanish academy. The academy will be supervised by the __________ order.
In Chapter 25: Smiles and Tears, the students organize a banquet to honor Don Custodio for his decision about the Spanish academy. The academy will be supervised by the __________ order.
Signup and view all the answers
Who were among those arrested when seditious and revolutionary posters were found at the university implicating the student organization?
Who were among those arrested when seditious and revolutionary posters were found at the university implicating the student organization?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the themes with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the themes with their corresponding descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad
- The Propaganda Movement was the first Filipino nationalist movement, spanning from 1872 to 1892.
- It was led by a Filipino elite, mostly in exile abroad, and inspired by the pro-nationalist activism of people like the GomBurZa after their execution.
- The members were called propagandists, and majority were mestizos or of Spanish-descent whose well-to-do families could finance their studies in Madrid and Barcelona.
- The movement was influenced by the Enlightenment thought, individual rights, constitutionalism, and anti-clericalism.
- The main goals of the Propaganda Movement were:
- To create reforms in the Philippines.
- To increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony.
- To make the Philippines a province of Spain, not merely a colony.
- To expel the Spanish friars from the Philippines and secularize the Philippine parishes.
- To promote equal opportunities for Filipinos and Spaniards to enter government service.
- To abolish the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local products to the government).
- To demonstrate the intellectual sophistication of the young Filipino elite through writing and the arts.
- To create a school system independent of the friars.
- To guarantee basic freedoms of speech and association and recognition of human rights.
- To restore the Philippine representation in the Cortes.
Notable Members of the Propaganda Movement
- Jose Rizal – wrote for La Solidaridad under the name “Laon Laan” and was a renowned physician-novelist.
- Graciano Lopez Jaena – publisher of La Solidaridad and the greatest orator of the propaganda movement.
- Marcelo H. del Pilar – the editor and co-publisher of La Solidaridad; wrote under the pen name “Plaridel” and was a lawyer; eloquent in Tagalog.
- Juan Luna – painter and sculptor.
- Antonio Luna – wrote under the pen name “Taga-Ilog” for La Solidaridad and was an essayist.
- Pedro Paterno – a lawyer and a man of letters.
- Jose Maria Panganiban – wrote for La Solidaridad under the name “Jomapa” and was a linguist.
- Mariano Ponce – wrote for La Solidaridad under the name “Tikbalang” and was a medical student, as well as a biographical writer.
Foreign Supporters of the Propaganda Movement
- Ferdinand Blumentritt – an Austrian professor and scholar; known to be Rizal’s best friend.
- Don Juan Atayde – a Spanish liberal who aided the Filipino Propagandists; founded the Circulo Hispano-Filipino in September 1882.
- Miguel Morayta – Rizal’s professor at the Central University of Madrid.
La Solidaridad
- A newspaper written in Spanish and founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena.
- Became the voice of the Propaganda Movement.
- Published every other week and was first printed in Barcelona, Spain, and later transferred to Madrid.
- Purpose of La Solidaridad:
- To voice out to the Spanish government the plight of the Philippines, including the abusiveness of the friars.
- To advocate liberal ideas and progress.
- To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people for democracy.
The Return, Exile, Trial, and Death of Dr. Jose Rizal
- Rizal returned to the Philippines, but was met with opposition from the Spanish authorities.
- He was exiled to Dapitan, North Zamboanga, where he spent four years.
- He was arrested and tried on the charges of rebellion, sedition, and illegal association.
- He was found guilty and was sentenced to death by firing squad on December 30, 1896.### Characters and Symbolisms
- Crisostomo Ibarra: symbolized the idealism of the privileged youth, main character of the novel, and love interest of Maria Clara
- Padre Damaso and Padre Salvi: embodied the rotten state of the clergy
- Maria Clara and Sisa: symbolized the country's condition - from beauty to madness
- Doña Victorina de Espadaña: represented colonial mentality
- Don Tiburcio: a caricature of the ignorant Spaniards who took advantage of the poor
- Filipinos in the provinces
- Elias: represented the common Filipino who was aware of the injustice and wished to exact revenge
- Crispin: the innocents who have been wrongly accused of a crime they did not commit
- Pilosopo Tasyo: symbolized the learner Filipinos who had once embraced the Spaniards but eventually became disenchanted
Chapter Summaries
Early Chapters
- Chapter 1: A Social Gathering - Capitan Tiago hosts a dinner, introducing some characters
- Chapter 2: Crisostomo Ibarra - Ibarra is introduced to the guests, and Padre Damaso denies being a friend of the late Don Rafael Ibarra
- Chapter 3: The Dinner - conversations center on Crisostomo's travels, which Padre Damaso belittles
- Chapter 4: Heretic and Filibuster - Lieutenant Guevarra explains what happened to Ibarra's father, who was imprisoned and branded a heretic and filibuster
Middle Chapters
- Chapter 5: A Star in a Dark Night - Ibarra is haunted by visions of his father's unjust imprisonment and death
- Chapter 6: Capitan Tiago - described as one of the richest landowners in Binondo, Pampanga, and Laguna
- Chapter 7: An Idyll on an Azotea - Crisostomo visits Maria Clara, and they talk about the years they have not seen each other
- Chapter 8: Recollections - Ibarra mulls over the unchanged state of his country
Later Chapters
- Chapter 9: Local Affairs - Padre Damaso wants to stop the marriage planned for Crisostomo and Maria Clara
- Chapter 10: The Town - describing the beauty and history of San Diego
- Chapter 11: The Rulers - the town is ruled by two persons: Padre Salvi and the Alferez
- Chapter 12: All Saints - a gravedigger recollects how he was ordered to dig up a body to be reburied in the Chinese cemetery
Plot Development
- Chapter 13: Signs of Storm - Crisostomo learns about what happened to his father's body and attacks Padre Salvi
- Chapter 14: Tasio: Lunatic or Sage - Tasio discusses with Don Filipo that purgatory does not exist
- Chapter 15: The Sacristans - Crispin and Basilio are worried about being accused of stealing two gold coins
- Chapter 16: Sisa - Sisa prepares a meal, but her husband arrives and eats all the food
Themes
- Abuse of Power
- Family Devotion
- Self-Sacrifice
- Patriotism
- Education vs Radicalism
Interesting Facts
- The novel was originally written in Spanish
- Rizal began writing this novel in October 1887 and made revisions while he was in London, Paris, Madrid, and Brussels
- The novel is also known by its English alternate title "The Reign of Greed"### El Filibusterismo
- Written by Dr. Jose Rizal and completed on March 29, 1891, in Biarritz
- Published in Ghent, same year
- Partly dedicated to the GOMBURZA (Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora)
- Addressed to the "Filipino people and their Government" in the foreword
Characters
- Simoun:
- Crisostomo Ibarra disguised as a wealthy jeweler
- Left for dead at the end of Noli Me Tangere
- Described as sporting a beard, blue-tinted glasses, and a revolver
- Secretly plans a revolution to seek revenge against those who wronged him
- Basilio:
- Son of Sisa
- A graduating medical student
- Became a servant of Kapitan Tiago
- Girlfriend is Juli
- Isagani:
- Basilio's friend
- One of the students who planned to set up a new school
- A poet portrayed as emotional and idealistic
- Girlfriend was the rich and beautiful Paulita Gomez
- Sabotaged Simoun's plans
- Kabesang Tales:
- Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former cabeza de barangay who resurfaced as the feared Luzon bandit Matanglawin
- Son of Tandang Selo and the father of Juli and Tano
- Symbolized the situation of the Calamba farmers
- Paulita Gomez:
- Niece of Doña Victorina
- Ex-girlfriend of Isagani
- Dumps Isagani because she believes she has no future if she marries him
- Ends up marrying Juanito Pelaez
- Macaraig:
- One of Isagani's classmates at the University of Santo Tomas
- A rich student
- Serves as the leader of the students who want to build the Academia de Castellano
- Father Florentino:
- Isagani's godfather and a secular priest
- Chose priesthood over marriage
- Chose to be assigned to a remote place, living in solitude
- Juanito Pelaez:
- A favorite student of the professors
- Belongs to a noble Spanish ancestry
- Became the new boyfriend of Paulita Gomez and eventually married her
- Don Custodio:
- Custodio de Salazar y Sanchez de Monteredondo
- A famous journalist who was asked by the students about his decision for the Academia de Castellano
- Married a rich woman to be a member of Manila's high society
- Juliana de Dios/Juli:
- Girlfriend of Basilio
- Youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales
- Ben Zayb:
- Abraham Ibañez
- A journalist who thinks he is the only one thinking in the Philippines
- Placido Penitente:
- A student of the University of Santo Tomas
- Considered to be so smart that the parish priests called him a subversive
- Father Camora:
- Parish priest of Tiani (San Diego)
- Depicted as fond of women
- Raped Juli, which caused her to commit suicide
Chapter Summaries
- Chapter 1: On the Upper Deck - Introduces characters, including Simoun, Doña Victorina, Don Custodio, Ben Zayb, and the priests
- Chapter 2: On the Lower Deck - Basilio and Isagani converse with a Don about the students' plan to establish a Spanish academy
- ...
- Chapter 39: Conclusion - Simoun, wounded and exhausted, goes to Father Florentino's house to hide from the Guardia Civil and reveals his true identity as Juan Crisostomo Ibarra
Themes
- Vengeance
- Socio-political change
- Hypocrisy and Cruelty
- Education, Patriotism, and Social Reform
- "Violence is Not the Answer"
- Redemption
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of the Propaganda Movement and its key members, as well as the life and struggles of Dr. Jose Rizal, a prominent figure in Philippine history.
