Life of Rizal PDF

desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio LIFE OF RIZAL Councils throughout the country. The Rizal Law and Its Importance...

desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio LIFE OF RIZAL Councils throughout the country. The Rizal Law and Its Importance SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty seven of the Administrative Senate Bill No. 438 – was submitted to the Senate Committee on Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school Education on April 3,1956. teachers and other person engaged in any public school. April 17, 1956 – the bill was sponsored and presented to the SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby members of the Senate by the late Senator Jose P. Laurel. authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not otherwise House Bill No. 5561 – was filed by Congressman Jacobo Z. appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Gonzales to the House of Representatives. Act. May 12 and 14, 1956 – Senate Bill No. 438 and House Bill No. 5561 SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. were both unanimously approved on the second reading and in the Lower House. Why do we need to study the life and works of Rizal? June 12, 1956 – the bill was signed into law by President Ramon Magsaysay, giving birth to Republic Act 1425 or the Rizal Law. Objectives of Rizal Law Fidel V. Ramos – directed CHED and DECS to fully implement the 1. Rededicate the lives of the youth to the ideals of freedom and law through CMO No. 247 in 1994 and CMO No. 3 was issued to nationalism, for which our heroes lived and died; enforce strictly the law in 1995. 2. To play tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works R.A 1425 – AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL for shaping the Filipino character; PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS 3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism thru the study of Rizal’s OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME life, works, and writings. TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER Rizal's Life: Family, Childhood and early Education PURPOSES. Introduction to Jose Rizal's Life WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for Jose Rizal was a prominent Filipino nationalist and polymath during which our heroes lived and died; the Spanish colonial period. His life and works had a profound impact on the Philippine independence movement and continue to inspire WHEREAS, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly the national Filipinos today. hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character. WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused; WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach duties of citizenship; R.A 1425 SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be DON FRANCISCO RIZAL MERCADO (1818-1898) included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private: Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original born on May 11, 1818 and was the youngest of his 13 siblings. or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Mercado was a well-respected man in their home town of or their English translation shall be used as basic texts. Calamba in which citizens made him the their "cabeza de barangay" (head of town.) SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and He was of part Chinese descent, having been related to a universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of Chinese entrepreneur by the name of Domingo Lamco. the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Mercado die shortly after Rizal in the home of his daughter, Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and biography. The Narcisa Rizal in Binondo, Manila on January 5, 1898. said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in English as well as other writings DONYA TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913) of Rizal shall be included in the list of approved books for required reading in all public or private schools, colleges and universities. The Born: on November 14, 1827 in Santa Cruz Manila. Board of National Education shall determine the adequacy of the Died: in 1913 in Manila. number of books, depending upon the enrollment of the school, Parents: Lorenzo Alonso, a municipal captain and Brijida de college or university. Quintos, an educated house wife (4 siblings), Eugenio Ursua(great grandfather) was of Japanese ancestry SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall cause the Was married to Francisco Mercado at 20 years old, a native translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as from Binan, Laguna. Together they prospered in Calamba other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal after involving themselves in business and agriculture Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular Known for being hardworking, intelligent, business minded editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons woman. SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913) TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951) (Neneng) Was born in 1868. Saturnina Mercado Rizal Hidalgo was born in 1818 and was the Remained unmarried and lived together with her sister Josefa. eldest sister of Jose Rizal. Was the one who received an alcohol lamp from brother Jose, in She had five children together with husband Manuel T. Hidalgo which he secretly hid the "Last Farewell" better known as "Mi and died the same year as her mother in 1913 Ultimo Adios," a poem Rizal wrote on the eve of his death in 1896. PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) Trinidad died in 1951, outliving all her siblings. General Paciano Mercado Rizal aka "Lolo Ciano" was the only SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929) brother of Jose Rizal. He was born in 1851 and studied in Biñan later attending school Soledad Rizal Quintero was born in 1870 making her the at the Colegio de San Jose in Manila. youngest of the Rizal siblings. After the execution of his brother, he joined in the Philippine She married Pantaleon Quintero and together they had 5 Revolution where he rose up to the ranks of a General. children. He later married Severina Decena of Los Banos and had two Soledad died in 1929. children of which one died at an early age. Paciano passed away in 1930 Rizal’s Childhood and Early Education NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) (Sisa) Name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda Nickname: Pepe Narcisa Rizal Lopez was born in 1852 and was the one who Birthdate: June 19, 1861 found the unmarked grave of her brother, Jose in the abandoned Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna Old Paco Cemetery. Baptized by: Father Rufino Collantes She married Antonio Lopez who was a teacher and musician God Father: Pedro Casañas from Morong, Rizal. She died in 1938. Rizal's Family Background OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) 1. Prominent Family (ypia) Rizal was born into a wealthy and influential family in Calamba, Olympia Rizal Ubaldo was born in 1855. She married Silvestre Laguna. His parents were Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Ubaldo and together they had three children. Alonso Realonda. She died in 1887 from childbirth when she was only 32 years old. 2. Intellectual Upbringing LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) Rizal's family valued education and encouraged him to pursue Lucia Rizal Herbosa was born in 1857. knowledge from a young age. She married Mariano Herbosa and had 5 children together. 3. Strong Catholic Faith In 1889 Mariano died due to an epidemic but was denied a Christian burial. The Rizal family was deeply religious and instilled Catholic values in This was due to the fact that he was the brother in law of Jose their children. Rizal. This showed the beginning of the persecution of the Rizal family Rizal's Childhood in Calamba by Spanish friars. Lucia died in 1919. 1. Lively Childhood MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945) \ Rizal had a happy and playful childhood, spending time with his large Maria Cruz Rizal was born in 1855. family and exploring the natural surroundings of Calamba. Biang 2. Intellectual Curiosity She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna and together they had 5 children. Even as a child, Rizal showed an insatiable thirst for knowledge, Mauricio Cruz, one of Maria's children became a student of Jose reading voraciously and demonstrating exceptional intellectual Rizal in Dapitan and was known to be one of his uncle's favorites. abilities. Maria was a known recipient of many of Jose's letters during his lifetime. 3. Artistic Talents Maria died in 1945 Rizal exhibited a wide range of artistic talents from a young age, JOSE RIZAL including painting, sketching, and writing poetry, sculpting. Jose Protacio/Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda BIRTH OF A HERO Jose Protacio Rizal was the second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896. Rizal’s Ancestry CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) Composition of Rizal’s blood: Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish Concepcion Rizal was born in 1862. Concepcion did not live very long as she died at the age of 3 in His ancestor on his FATHER’S SIDE was Domingo Lamco, a 1865. Chinese immigrant from Fukien City, Changchow, China who arrived in Manila about 1690; he married a Chinese Christian girl JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) named Ines de la Rosa and assumed the surname Mercado in 1731. Josefa Rizal was born in 1865. She was unmarried lived together DOÑA TEODORA’S FAMILY with sister Trinidad until death. Descended from Lakan Dula of Tondo; Josefa was said to have suffered from epilepsy. She died in 1945 She has also a blood from her Japanese ancestry (Eugenio Ursua) who married a Filipina named Benigna.  Childhood Years in Calamba Sorrowful events in the early life of Rizal Hometown: Calamba, Laguna Death of Concha in 1865 On the southern part of Calamba lies Mt. Makiling where there Imprisonment of his mother are several hot springs and breath-taking sceneries Laguna de Spanish abuses and cruelties which he witnessed Bay is located on the eastern part of the town Execution of fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Calamba’s name was based on a town legend when a Spanish Zamora in 1872 Guardia Civil asked a woman (carrying a water jar in a nearby river) about the name of the place; because the woman was Early Education in Calamba and Biñan confused on what to say, she uttered “Kalan-banga” (pertaining to the water container); since then, the town has been called Rizal and the story of the Moth “Calamba” Rizal’s passion for education enabled him to see people who are Barely three years old, Rizal learned the alphabet from his ignorant are in more serious danger of losing their lives than mother those who have knowledge Because of Doña Teodora’s influence, Jose grew up as a devout He realized that Spaniards used religion to abuse, bully, and Catholic; participated in daily prayers such as the Angelus; he slave the Filipinos was able to read the Bible (in Spanish) at an early age of five Church teachings restricted the Filipinos to think & read He Prayed every night at their azotea materials that explain liberal ideas He visited Antipolo Church; this was his mother’s pilgrimage He used his Two Novels the Noli and El Fili to encourage the when the latter promised to the Blessed Virgin should she and Filipinos to pursue knowledge to end sufferings her child survived the ordeal of delivery which nearly caused her Rizal viewed education as the only key to free oneself from life slavery and abuse; freedom and self-empowerment can be He enjoyed walking in the town especially at night; he was achieved through it usually accompanied by his aya (nurse maid) who occasionally Contrary to popular notion knowledge killed Rizal, it was his narrated him some stories about the supernatural entities: contemporaries’ ignorance and immaturity (morally, emotionally, tikbalang, aswang, nuno,etc. and mentally) that killed him He loved in the field with his pony; he was fond of having lengthy Jose’s private tutors who gave him lesson at home Doña walks in the fields and by the side of the lake tagging along his Teodora Alonzo Realonda black dog name Usman Maestro Celestino Additional information Maestro Lucas Padua(later called Leon Monroy) Rare specimens named after Rizal: Rizal in Biñan Draco Rizali (a flying dragon) June 1969 (Sunday) Paciano and Rizal left Calamba to study in Apogania Rizali (small beetle) the village school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz Rhacophorus Rizali (a rare frog) They spend one and a half hours of travel to their aunt’s house in Biñan, Laguna Rizal’s influences The school was a small nipa hut with a distance of 30 meters Hereditary influence – refers to inherent qualities that a person from their aunt’s house inherits from his ancestors and parents Rizal described Maestro Cruz as a thin man, with a long neck, Malayan ancestors – love for freedom, innate desire to travel sharp nose, a slightly bent forward body, and always wore a and indomitable courage sinamay shirt Chinese ancestors – somber personality, prudence, fortitude, and affection for children Jose Goes to Biñan Spanish ancestors – sophistication of bearing, compassion to June of 1869, after kissing their parents’ hands, Jose together rudeness, and valor for ladies with Paciano rode in carromata, reaching their destination after Father – profound send of self-respect, love for work and the one and a half hours’ drive. habit of independent thinking He recalled Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz asked him if he can Mother – religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice and passion for speak Spanish; he replied that he had little knowledge about the arts and literature language; Pedro, who was identified as the Maestro’s son, laughed at his answer Rizal’s Childhood and Early Education During their siesta break, Jose Rizal challenged Pedro to a brawl (because he laughed at his answer); because of his physical Sa Aking mga Kababata – Rizal’s first poem. training with Tiyo Manuel, Rizal prevailed over his bully Uncle Manuel Alberto – teaches Rizal Physical skills schoolmate Uncle Jose – taught Rizal to love the Nature Because of his superior intellectual ability, Rizal topped all his Uncle Gregorio – instilled in Rizal’s mind the the love for classmates, especially in language subjects such as Spanish Education. and Latin Rizal finished his elementary studies in 1870 Rizal’s influences Environmental influences – refers to places, associates and Sa Aking mga Kababata events that affect the nature of a person Kapagka ang baya’y sadyang umiibig Paciano – moral values and passion for education Sa langit salitang kaloob ng langit Tiyo Jose Alberto – artistic influence; Jose Rizal carved an Sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapit image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling with his pocket Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid knife Tiyo Manuel – helped develop his frail body through physical Pagka’t ang salita’y isang kahatulan workout, including horseback riding and wrestling Sa bayan, sa nayo’t, mga kaharian Tiyo Gregorio – reading books; Jose’s favorite books: The At ang isang tao’y katulad kabagay Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas, Universal History Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan by Cesar Cantu, and Travels in the Phlippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita Father Leoncio Lopez – research and rational sincerity Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda, Kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa  na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala June 19, 1861-December 12, 1896 Ang wikang tagalog tulad din sa latin, Nickname: Pepe Sa ingles, kastila, at salitang anghel, An intellectual, patriot, propagandist, novelist, polymath, polyglot, Sa pagka ang Poong maalam tumingin teacher, physician, expert surveyor/engineer, ophthalmologist, Ang siyang nag-gawad, nagbigay sa atin. scientist,inventor, farmer, artist, and a hero. Ang salita nati’y huad din sa iba Na may alfabeto at sariling letra, Baptized by: Father Rufino Collantes Na kaya nawala’y dinatnan ng sigwa God Father: Father Pedro Casañas Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una. During his exile in Dapitan lived with Josephine Bracken an Irish To My Fellow Children girl from Hong Kong had a son with her which he named Francisco(died) Whenever people of a country truly love The language, which by heaven they were taught to use That country also surely liberty RIZAL FAMILY pursue As does the bird which soars to freer space above. For language is the final judge and referee Upon the people in the land The Rizal family belonged to the Principalia where it holds sway; In truth our human race resembles this way The other living beings born in liberty. It is one of the distinguished families in Calamba. Whoever knows not how to love his native tongue Is worse than any Rizal’s parents were able to live well from farm by renting beast or evil smelling fish. To make our language richer ought to be from Dominican Order. our wish The same as any mother loves to feed her young. Tagalog Early Education in Calamba and Biñan and the Latin language are the same And English and Castilian and the angel’s tongue; And God, whose watchful care o’er all is flung, Has given us His blessing in the speech we claim. Rizal and the story of the Moth One night, all the family, except my mother and myself, went to bed early. Why, I do not know, but we two remained sitting alone. The candles had been already been put out. They have been blown out in their globes by means of a curved tube of tin. That tube seemed to DON FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL (1818-1898) me the finest and most wonderful plaything in the world. The room Born: May 11, 1818 in Biñan,Laguna was dimly lighted by a single light of coconut oil. In all Filipino homes such a light burns through the night. It goes out just at day-break to Died: January 5,1898 at the age of 80 in Manila awaken people by its spluttering. About: My mother was teaching me to read in a Spanish reader called “The Children’s Friend” (El Amigo de los Ninos). This was quite Studied Latin and Philosophy at College of San Jose a rare book and an old copy. It had lost its cover amd my sister had in Manila cleverly made a new one. She had fastened a sheet of thick blue Moved in Calamba after his parents death and paper over the back and then covered it with a piece of cloth. became a tenant-farmer in a Dominican-owned hacienda This night my mother became impatient with hearing me read so In Rizal’s memoir entitled Memorias de Un Estudiante poorly. I did not understand Spanish and so I could not read with de Manila, he called him “a model of fathers” impression. She took the book from me. First she scolded me for Rizal hide under the pen name P. Jacinto. drawing funny pictures on its pages. Then she told me to listen and she began to read. When her sight was good, she read very well. She DONYA TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA (1826-1911) could recite well, and she understood verse-making, too. Many times during Christmas vacations, my mother corrected my poetical Born: on November 8, 1826 in Manila. compositions, and she always made valuable criticisms. Died: August 16, 1911 in Manila at the age of 85. Parents: Lorenzo Alonso, a municipal captain I listened to her, full of childish enthusiasm. I marveled at the nice- Brijida de Quintos, sounding phrases which she read from those same pages. The Education: College of Santa Rosa as a well known phrases she read so easily stopped me at every breath. Perhaps I college for girls in the city. grew tired of listening to sounds that had no meaning for me. Perhaps I lacked of self-control. Anyway, I paid little attention to the reading. I In Rizal’s memoir was watching the cheerful flame. About it, some little moths were circling in playful flights. By chance, too, I yawned. My mother soon He lovingly said of her, “My mother is a woman of more noticed that I was not interested. She stopped reading. Then she said than ordinary culture; she knows literature and speaks to me: “I am going to read you a very pretty story. Now pay attention.” Spanish better than I. She corrected my poems and gave me good advice when I was studying rhetoric. On hearing the word “story” I at once opened my eyes wide. The word She is a mathematician and has read many books. “story” promised something new and wonderful. I watched my mother while she turned the leaves of the book, as if she were looking for NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) ( Sisa) something. Then I settled down to listen. I was full of curiosity and After 1898 she’s able to exhume Rizal’s remains wonder. I had never even dreamed that there were stories in the old book which I read without understanding. My mother began to read Rizal’s body was brought to the house of Higino the fable of the young moth and the old one. She translated it into Francisco of Binondo Tagalog a little at a time. His bones were washed with the water of estero de Binondo My attention increased from the first sentence. I looked toward the His remains were then placed in an urn kept by the light and fixed my gaze on the moths which were circling around it. family The story could not have been better timed. My mother repeated the warning of the old moth. She dwelt upon it and directed it to me. I JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) heard her, but it is a curious thing that the light seemed to me each time more beautiful, the flame more attractive. I really envied the Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda fortune of the insects. They frolicked so joyously in its enchanting splendor that the ones which had fallen and been drowned in the oil If we will be reading both books. did not cause me any dread. He just exposed what’s happening in the Catholic My mother kept on reading and I listened breathlessly. The Church in the Philippines that time. fate of the two insects interested me greatly. The flame rolled its golden tongue to one side and a moth with this movement had singed If passed, the bill will it will discredit the Catholic Church. into the oil, fluttered for a time and then became quiet. That became to me a great event. A curious change came over me which I have Father Jesus Cavana – He argued that the novels do not accurately always noticed in myself whenever anything has stirred my feelings. depict current conditions & may give a false impression of the country. The flame and the moth seemed to go farther away and my mother’s Additional Criticism of Catholic Church words sounded strange and uncanny. I did not notice when she ended the fable. All attention was fixed on the face of the insect. I watched it 1. Out of 333 pages of Noli, 25 passages are Nationalistic, 120 with my whole soul... It had died a martyr to its illusions. passages are anti-Catholic 2. Both books are offensive to the Catholic church As she put to bed, my mother said: “See that you not behave like the 3. The bill might divide the nation young moth. Don’t be disobedient, or you may get burnt as it did.” I do 4. Compulsion to read something against one’s faith impairs not know whether I answered or not... The story revealed to me freedom of speech and religion. things until then unknown. Moths no longer were, for me, insignificant 5. Rizal admitted that he did not only attack the friars who insects. Moths talked; they knew how to warn. They advised just liked acted deceptively on the Filipinos but also the Catholic faith my mother. The light seemed to me more attractive. I knew why the itself. moths circled the flame Catholic Groups that opposed the bill The tragic fate of the young moth, which “died a martyr to its illusions,” left a deep, impressed on Rizal’s mind. He justified such 1. Catholic Action of the Philippines noble death, asserting that “to sacrifice one’s life for it,” meaning for 2. Congregation of the Mission an ideal, is “worthwhile.” And, like that young moth, he was fated to 3. Knights of Columbus die as a martyr for a noble ideal 4. Catholic Teachers Guild Biñan Schooling Instead of only Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, the new bill now includes a wider range of works and writings by Jose Rizal PAINTING LESSON Reading is now optional. He studied painting under the guidance of an old painter called Juancho who is the father-in-law of school teacher. The old man gave If a student does not want to read the two novels, they can request for him free lessons in painting and drawing an exemption. Rizal and Jose Guevarra became Juancho’s apprentices Note: As of now there is no student who requested for exemption and the practice implemented. End of Biñan Schooling The implementation of reading unexpurgated version of Noli Me Saturnina Tangere and El Filibusterismo will only be for College/University Students Before Christmas of 1870, Saturnina informed Jose the arrival of Talim(steamer) which would take him back to Calamba. It’s important to read the original and unexpurgated edition of Rizal’s He got sad, prayed in the town church, and collected novels because the true purpose of studying these will be defeated if not followed. pebbles in the river for souvenirs and bade goodbye to all. May 12, 1956 and May 14, 1956 both bills S.B. 438 and December 17, 1870 – he boarded Talim with Arturo Camps a Frenchman that is his father’s friend. H.B. 5561 were both unanimously approved on the second reading in the lower house June 12, 1956 bsigned into law by Pres. Ramon Magsaysay Important Personalities and Details SURROUNDING R.A 1425 as R.A. 1425 A DECADE AND A YEAR PASSED AFTER WORLD WAR 2 : Many Filipinos observed that the sense of Filipino identity was waning. Nationalist policy-makers took action to redirect the nation back to its roots by: Emphasizing the importance of history as a foundation for national hope and pride. Sen. CLARO M. RECTO- he proposed & submitted on April 3, 1956 Senate Bill 438- to the Senate Committee on Education Sen. JOSE P. LAUREL- chairman of Senate’s Committee on Education sponsored the Noli-Fili Bill and presented to Senate WHAT IS SEN. LAUREL’S REASON? The main purpose of the bill was to disseminate: 1. The ideas 2. And ideals of Rizal through the reading of both his novels. “Only then would we become conscious as a people, and so learn to prepare ourselves for painful sacrifices that ultimately lead to self- reliance, self-respect and freedom.” If we will ask Sen. Laurel about it’s content if there a probem with RA1425, none.