Reviewer Housing Week 1-17-output PDF

The The Gradual Development Of The Filipino Home  InThe History of Housing In The Philippines Introduction Housing Problems Housing Proble Squatting Concept A hazard poses the threat that an unwanted event, possibly a catastrophe, may occur....

The The Gradual Development Of The Filipino Home  InThe History of Housing In The Philippines Introduction Housing Problems Housing Proble Squatting Concept A hazard poses the threat that an unwanted event, possibly a catastrophe, may occur. Risk is the probability that the event will occur. Inasmuch as all buildings are subject to hazards such as hurricanes, earthquakes. Flood, fire and lightning strikes, both during and after construction, building designers and contractors have the responsibility of estimating the risks these hazards and the magnitude of the consequences should the vents be realized.  Concept Rich Reduction: Practice 1, rational, biblica 1. NDealing with underlying factors of risk vulnerability NBuild back better (recovery) NScience-based N Continuous improvement — knowledge management/ lessons learned NStory ofNoah and theArk; Parable ofthe wise and the foolish builders.. NAvoid RReduce/Mitigate RTranBfer (insurance) NDepartment ofNational Defense RMitigation — Human intervention to address anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal of all GHG, including ozone-depleting substances and their substitutes. RAdaptation — Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic Btimuli or their effects, which moderates harm orexploits beneficial opportunities. The ability/ capacity ofa structure in itB environment toremain Btructurally fit for its intended use during its technical Bervice life (with anticipated  _..... JFire protection standards Fig. drift cauaed by lateral loada JFire loads and resistance rating  Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies The main strategy in protecting buildings from strong winds is to maintain the integrity of the building envelope, including roofs and windows, and to design the building to withstand the expected lateral and uplift forces. The following are some strategies that can be employed to make the construction system more wind-resilient and which could possibly withstand more than 250 kph winds. Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies LOCATION — whena building is being located ina more vulnerable area, builda stronger-than-normal house. Shielding of hoew bs- hlllwk Shielding from high wind bj- pet'meable barriers such as strong trees Ar./EnP. Rey S. Gab/tar›, uaR. P” Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies ROOF FORM/SHAPE — Hiproofs offer much less wind resistance than gable roofs. — For gable roofs, usea high pitched roof. — Avoida low-pitched roof. Roof pitch angle at 25°- 40° has best record of wind resistance. 25' D Roof Ar./EnP. Rev S. Gab”itan, uao, oieo Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies ROOF EAVES/OVERHANGS — Roof eaves can be limited to 18 - 20 inches. — Avoid large overhangs — they should be braced by ties held to the main structure. — designed as separate construction rather than extensions of the main roof of the building. w. Ar./EnP. Rey S. Gab”itan, uap, piep  Typhoon-Resilient Design #trategies Roofing Sheets Ë If possible, use long-span roof sheets. Ë If the sheeting is too thin or there are too few fïttings, the nails or screws may tear through the sheet. If galvanized sheets are used, 24 gauge is recommended. Ë Roofing sheets usually fail at ridges where capping comes off, at gable ends where sheetings rolls up sïdeways and at eaves where sheets Iïft up. At ridges, eaves and overhangs, provide fixïngs at every two (2) corrugatïons. At all other locations, provide fixïngs at every three (3) corrugation at maximum spacing. Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies ROOFINGSHEETS/FIXINGS — 24gauge (0.4mm thk) is recommended. Ar./EnP. Rey S. Gab/tari. uap, pimp Typhoon-Resilïent Design Strategies ROOFINGSHEETS/FIXINGS — Atridges, eaves and overhangs, provide fixings at every two (2) corrugations. — At all other locations, provide fixings at every three (3) corrugation at maximum spacing. Ar./EnP. Rey S. Gabgari, uaR. R'R  Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies.\HL'HC1’E¥.'Fh Roofing Sheets !¿ When using screws forcorrugated galvanized roof sheets, use proper drive screws. Be sure that the screws go into the purlins at least fifty (50) mm. Use large washers under the screw heads to prevent the roof sheets from tearing when pulled upward by high winds. NaiIs do not hold as well as screws. Use nails with wide heads and long enough to bend over below the lath. Galvanized coated nails are better than ordinary wire nails. Ë Spacing for laths and number offixïngs will vary with the gauge of sheeting used. Laths should be placed closer together forthin sheets to provide space for extra fixïngs.A guide to the number offixings and spacing of laths is shown below.  Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies ROOFINGSHEETS/FIXINGS — Spacing forlaths and number offixings will vary with the gauge ofsheeting used. — Laths should be placed closer together forthin sheets to provide space forextra fixings.A guide to the number of fixings and spacing of laths is shown below. Gauge ofSheeting 26 25 Ar./EnP. Rey S. Gabitan, uap, piep  Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies " Roofing Sheets ip 4 The connections of cladding/sheeting to the truss need to be designed for the increased forces, especially at the corners and the roof edges considered as zones of higher local wind suctions. Failure at any one of these locations could lead progressively to complete roof failure. The following are recommended: Sheeted roofs:-A reduced spacing of bolts, 34 Ofthat admissible as per IS:800, recommended. For normal connections, J bolts may be used but for cyclone resistant connectionsU — bolts are recommended. Alternativelya strap may be used at least along edges to fix cladding with the purlins to avoid punching through the sheet. Properly connected M.S. flat can be used as reinforcing band in high suction zones. The corrugated sheeting should be properly overlapped (at least2 1/2 corrugation) to prevent water from blowing under the seam. Spaces between the sheeting and the wall plate should be closed up to prevent the wind from getting under the sheeting and lifting it. This can be done by nailinga fascia board to the wall plate and rafters. Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies Strategies frame like metal structure all the matically reduce roof damage in Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies Roof Frame Construction Fig. Roofing system with collar ties Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies Roof Frame Construction Fig. Roofing system with metal strap Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies ROOF FRAME CONSTRUCTION — anchoring of roof framing to masonry wall should be accomplished through anchor bolts embedded in concrete cores. Ar./EnP. Rey S. Gabgan, uap, piep Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies Roof Frame Construction Fig. Anchor bolt Typhoon-Resilient Design Strategies ROOF FRAME CONSTRUCTION diagonal or knee atthe rafter level and the eaves level purlins properly anchored at the gable end. It is desirable that at least two bays, one at each end, be braced both in horizontal and vertical plane to pro side adequate wind S.