Reviewer: Sentence Errors, Modifiers, & Parallelism PDF

**Reviewer** **Sentence Error** **Modifier:** - Can be a word or group of words (phrase). - A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about other words in a sentence. **Misplaced modifier** - A modifier in the wrong place in a sentence. - Makes sentences awkward, confu...

**Reviewer** **Sentence Error** **Modifier:** - Can be a word or group of words (phrase). - A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about other words in a sentence. **Misplaced modifier** - A modifier in the wrong place in a sentence. - Makes sentences awkward, confusing, or (unintentionally) humorous. **Rules in correcting misplaced modifier:** Rule \# 1: Locate the MISPLACED MODIFIER Rule \#2: Locate the word it modifies mistakenly and locate the real word it should modify. Rule \#3: Place the MISPLACED MODIFIER in the correct word it should modify. **Correct placement of modifiers:** Modifiers go next to the word or phrase they modify. One-word modifiers go before the word or phrase they modify. **Dangling Modifiers** - Do not sensibly modify anything in their sentence. - Modifier is present, but it has nothing to modify. - Often occur at the beginning or end of a sentence. - Often indicated by an "--ing" verb or a "to +" verb phrase. **Three ways to fix dangling modifiers** 1. **Name the appropriate doer of the action as the subject of the main clause.** 2. **Place the subject of the action within the dangling modifier** 3. **Combine the phrase and clause.** **Faulty Parallelism** **Parallel Structure:** - Using the same pattern of words to show that 2 or more ideas are equally important. - Applies to words, phrases, or clauses. - Usually use coordinating conjunctions (\"and," \"or") to join parallel structures. Common Types of Parallel Structure **Parallel with the -ing** form (gerund) of verbs: - Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling. **Parallel with infinitive verb** phrases: - Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. - Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle. Note: Use \"to\" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one Proofreading Strategies for Parallel Structure **Use these proofreading strategies:** 1. Skim your paper, pausing at \"and\" and \"or.\" Check if the joined items are parallel. 2. If you have several items in a list, put them in a column. 3. Read your writing out loud. Listen to the sound of the items in a list or the items being compared. Do you hear the same kinds of sounds? Do you hear a "rhythm"? 4. If something breaks that rhythm or repetition of sound, check if it needs to be made parallel. **GOD SEES THE TRUTH B UT WAITS AND GIVE UP TOMORROW** **[God Sees the Truth, but Waits](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1535285.God_Sees_the_Truth_but_Waits) by [Leo Tolstoy](https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/128382.Leo_Tolstoy)** This story is about Ivan Dmitrich Aksionov -- a young merchant who had everything until he was wrongfully accused of murder where they said he cut the throat of another merchant using a knife. However, according to Ivan he last saw the merchant after they had tea together. In a blink of an eye, he lost everything, his family, his wealth, his life. He would spend the next twenty-six years of his life in prison. It was there where he met Makar Semyonich, the real murderer. In the end, Makar confessed his crime after Ivan did not turn him in when he dug a tunnel, but Aksionov was already dead when his release order came. **Give Up Tomorrow "The Film"** When a teenager from a political family in the Philippines is accused of a double murder, the country's entire judicial system is put to the test after years of alleged corruption. On a stormy night in July 1997, two young girls waiting for a ride at a shopping mall disappear without a trace. Simultaneously a murder-mystery and an exposé of endemic corruption in the post-Marcos Philippines, Give Up Tomorrow centers on the trial of Paco Larrañaga, a young mestizo (of Spanish descent) accused of killing two Chinese-Filipino sisters on the island of Cebu. Capturing how a rapacious media circus stoked ethnic and class hatred to prejudice public perception, the film reveals the extraordinary judicial violations that resulted in Paco's death sentence. Secret filming from Paco's cell exposes the appalling conditions of Filipino prisons, where thousands like him languish without fair trial. This story is intensely personal with far-reaching global implications: Paco's case was eventually championed by international human rights groups, including Amnesty International and the UN; their efforts eventually led to the abolishment of capital punishment in the Philippines, saving hundreds of inmates whose possible innocence may have been disregarded by flawed judicial and social systems. **Values** (Give Up Tomorrow "The Film") Justice and Fairness Integriry Courage Humility Resilience and Hope Faith Honesty Empathy and Solidarity Human dignity **Social Issues** (Give Up Tomorrow "The Film") Bribery/Corruption Media Bias Unlawful arrest Abuse of power Blackmailing or coercion Human Rights Violations Discrimination among witnesses Social Inequality Bandwagon Effect (People do something mostly because other people are doing it, regardless of their own ideas, which they may disregard or override.) Mental health and Emotional Toll **FRAGMENTS** A sentence fragment is a group of words that resembles a sentence. It will start with a capital letter and have ending punctuation; however, it is neither an independent clause nor a complete idea. **ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY/SPEECH (DEBATE)** - A speech in which the speaker attempts to persuade his audience to alter their viewpoints on a controversial issue/topics. 2 - When writing an argumentative essay, one may use an opinion if it will be supported with a fact. Affirmative/Pro: the team or competitor who argues in favor of adopting the resolution. Negative/Con: the team or competitor who defends the present system and argues against the resolution. Rebuttal: speech that invalidates arguments after attacks and refutes arguments of the opposing team. Interpellation- opportunity for the opposing debater to ask questions regarding the speech of the speaker.