Art Appreciation REVIEWER (1) PDF

Art Appreciation  Humanities is the study of the different cultural aspects of people. Humanities  Culture is the disparity of man and animal...

Art Appreciation  Humanities is the study of the different cultural aspects of people. Humanities  Culture is the disparity of man and animals. The humanities are those disciplines that  Humanities also means understanding deal with human interaction, society and people and their affairs rather than just a how humans get along in society. prescribed unchangeable body of accepted The term was first applied to the writings of facts and theories. ancient Latin authors which were read not only for their clarity of language and literary  ART - Aryan root word “AR” which means to style, but also for their moral teaching. join or put together. Renaissance: The word came to refer to the  Greek words derived from “AR”: set of disciplines taught in the universities. o Artizien – to prepare ○ Grammar, rhetoric, history, o Arkiskien – to put together literature, music, philosophy,  Ars/Artis (Latin) - Everything which is theology artificially made. ○ Humanus (Latin) - “human, cultured, refined.”  Art is universal. Why it’s important to study humanities? o Art has been created by all people, at  It answers to the fundamental questions we all places and times. It exists because ask about ourselves and about life. it is liked and enjoyed. ○ Learning about ourselves – through o Art is universal because it is good; the various humanities – helps us to but not good because it is universal. create a better world.  Art is a product of man’s imagination, good ○ “It’s the human in humanities that is taste and skill in doing things. worth studying. Humanities can tell  Art is not nature; and nature is not an art. us about ourselves, how we interact  Art involves experience. and get along and why we sometimes don’t!” (Jared van Duinen) NOTE: Because art is man-made, nature is not an art. Cultural understanding  The arts provide insights into different Art involves experience cultures, traditions, and historical periods Starts as an experience that the artist wants  Through literature, music, visual arts etc., to communicate. we can understand the values, beliefs, and The act of experiencing that experience experiences of people from various Gratifying experience of having backgrounds. accomplished something significant Cultural thinking  The arts foster critical thinking skills by  Art is uniquely human and tied directly to encouraging analysis, interpretation, and culture. It asks questions about who we are, evaluation. what we value, the meaning of beauty and Community Engagement the human condition.  Provide avenues for social interaction,  Art history, anthropology and literature are collaboration, and shared experiences, three main sources in observing, recording fostering connections and strengthening and interpreting our human past. social bonds. Cultural preservations Visual arts  Art forms such as literature, music, and Oldest form documented visual arts serves as repositories of cultural Includes images, objects in fields like heritage. paintings, sculpture, printmaking, photography and other visual media. E.g  Appropriation – the act of copying from old - Lascaux Cave Painting (France) models in order to come up with something - Stonehenge (England) new. - Venus of Willendorf o re-enacting/recreating a scene (photography)  Four major ideas for determining if a work o Copying an idea and changing its title of art is effective: (writing)  Mimetic Theory (Imitationalism)  Borrowing o Art is good when it imitates reality. o act of copying aspects of an original o An Imitationalist artist focuses on work; appropriation – the act of mimicking and representing real life. injecting some “fresh” perspective of In a successful piece of art, the the original work. textures, light, shadows, human  Issue of ownership proportions, and perspective are all  Technically, copyright law protects exact highly realistic, as if you could reach wording, not an idea. out and touch them.  General rules to consider:  Formalism o There must be something new that o Art is good when it masters the the artist added (an idea, nuance, artistic elements and principles. criticism) to the work being o A Formalist artist focuses on an appropriated. artwork’s form—the way it’s made o When one appropriates or borrows, and what it looks like. In a successful the intention must not be to deceive piece of art, the visual features are others. most important: line quality, color, o No one should be allowed to borrow if composition, and other artistic it is aimed at hurting others. elements and principles.  Instrumentalism  Subject of Art - refers to any person, object, o Art is good when it communicates a scene or event described or represented in a message. work of art. o An Instrumentalist artist focuses on  Kinds of Art according to Subject: context and message. A successful o Representational piece of art is an instrument to o Non-representational persuade the audience or provide  Landscapes, seascapes and cityscapes commentary. It is often political,  Still lifes - painting or drawing of an social, moral, or thought-provoking. arrangement of objects, typically including  Emotionalism fruit and flowers and objects contrasting o Art is good when it evokes an with these in texture, such as bowls and emotional response. glassware. o An Emotionalist artist focuses on the  Animals expression of emotion. A successful  Portraits piece of art communicates an  Figures emotion, but more importantly, it  Everyday life (genre) pulls out an emotional reaction from  History and legend the viewer.  Religion and mythology  Dreams and Fantasies  Narrative Art o “A picture is worth a thousand Ways of Presenting the Subject words.”  Realism - depicting things the way they o an art that says precisely what it is – would normally appear in nature. it tells or narrates a story. Take note: No work of art is truly realistic, since no work of art is an exact copy of what exists in the natural world.  We may like in art what we do not like in  Abstraction nature, because we see the subject as it has o the process of simplifying/or been interpreted for us by the artist. reorganizing objects and elements  A beautiful subject does not necessarily according to the demands of artistic produce a good work of art, nor an ugly expression. subject a poor one; a noble subject does not  The artist who is interested in one phase of mean a noble work of art, nor an ignoble a scene or situation doesn’t show the subject an ignoble work. subject as an objective reality but only his idea of it or his feeling about it. The Functions of Art  Distortion Classification of art according to o twisting, stretching, or deforming the function: natural shape of the object. Functional o usually done to dramatize the shape Non-functional of a figure or to create an emotional In applied arts, as in architecture, function is so effect. important that it, rather than the name of  Surrealism the art, is used to identify individual works. o 20th-century avant-garde movement To satisfy: in art and literature that sought to  our personal needs for expression release the creative potential of the  our social needs for display, celebration and unconscious mind, for example by communication the irrational juxtaposition of images.  our physical needs for utilitarian objects realism plus distortion and structures. o Surreal means beyond natural; beyond realism  Personal Function o Presenting art by fantastic imagery o To satisfy our individual needs for personal expression  Subject - object depicted by the artist.  Self-expression or gratification  Content - refers to what the artist expresses  Arts are vehicles for the artists’ or communicates on the whole in his work. expression of their feelings and o Meaning of the work ideas. o Theme in literature  Aesthetic Expression o Everyone is concerned with what Levels of Meaning is beautiful or pleasing.  Factual meaning – the literal statement or  Intellectual Inquiry the narrative content in the work which can o Much of contemporary art deals with be directly apprehended. questions about the nature of art, the  Conventional meaning – the special meaning role of art in society and reactions to that a certain object or color has for a contemporary society and culture particular culture or group of people.  Therapy o ex. Flag – nation; cross – Christianity Religious Art and Art of Spiritual Concern crescent moon – Islam; elephant – a Religious art usually expresses collective significant and sacred animal within ideas about human life in relation to the divine. the Hindu religion. Social Function  Subjective meaning – any personal meaning To satisfy our social needs for display, consciously or unconsciously conveyed by celebration and communication the artist using a private symbolism which Art performs a social function when: stems from his own association of certain It seeks or tends to influence the collective objects, actions, or colors with past behavior of a people. experiences.  It is created to be seen or used primarily in inner operation; an object should look like public situations. what it is and does. It expresses or describes social or collective The design of the building is determined primarily aspects of existence as opposed to individual and by its operational function. personal kinds of experience. What is the building for? It seeks or tends to influence the collective Who are going to use it? behavior of a people. How many are they? Political art The design that a building takes is also adapted Arts that are depicting social conditions. to the climate of the region. It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations. CLASSIFICATION OF ART ACCORDING TO MEDIUM Graphic Communication Visual Arts – those that can be seen; space arts. One function of sculpture and painting is the ¡Auditory Arts – those that can be heard. commemoration of important personages in Performing Arts – those that can be seen or society. heard. Statues of national heroes, commissioned Painting and Related Arts paintings of leaders or rulers. A painting is an image (artwork) created using Arts are also linked to rituals. pigments (color) on a surface (ground) such as Public celebrations, such as festivals, paper or canvas. The pigment may be in a wet involve rituals of some kind, and these, in form, such as paint, or a dry form, such as pastel. turn, employ the arts. Related arts: Physical Function Tapestry - a strong cloth with colored threads To satisfy our physical needs for utilitarian woven into it to create a picture or design, usually objects and structures. hung on a wall or used to cover furniture Works of art that are created to perform some Mosaic - a piece of image made from the service have physical functions. assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone. It is often used in decorative art or as interior Many objects have both physical and aesthetic decoration. duties. Stained glass - colored glass used to form Art shares responsibility for the built decorative or pictorial designs, notably for environment: how it looks and how it works. church/mosque windows. Architecture: The Dwelling Prints The earliest building type and the closest Relief printing – printing from a raised to our daily lives. surface Monumental Art Intaglio - printing is done from ink that is Large scale artwork often functions below the surface of the plate. The design is something like architecture, despite not cut, scratched, or etched into the printing actually being a shelter or dwelling. surface, which can be copper, zinc, Memorial to the victims of the Nazi aluminum, magnesium, plastics, or even T4 extermination program at the site coated paper. of the Berlin T4 headquarters Drawing ARCHITECTURE Japanese raku bowl and cup by Duchamp The art of designing and constructing a building which will serve a definite function. Form and Function PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION The function of an object generally determines Post-and-Lintel the basic form that it takes. oldest of construction system ¡ makes use of “Form follows function.” two vertical posts spanned by horizontal beam Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright's (lintel) teacher, originated the phrase "Form follows function." It means that the outer shape or appearance of an object results from its  Arch Additive (modeling, casting, fabrication, but consists of separate pieces of wedge-shaped modeling can be both additive and subtractive) blocks (voussoirs) arranged in a semicircle. The keystone locks the voussoirs into a single TECHNIQUES curve structure. Carving – involves removing unwanted portions of barrel vault - one placed directly behind the raw material to reveal the form that the artist another to produce a structure similar to a has visualized. tunnel. Modeling - also spelled modelling, in sculpture, groin vault - formed by intersecting arches working of plastic materials by hand to build up Dome form. built on a framework formed by a series of Clay and wax are the most common modeling arches rising from consecutive points on a base materials, and the artist’s hands are the main called the drum. tools, though metal and wood implements are Truss often employed in shaping. a system of triangular forms assembled into a Modeling is an ancient technique, as indicated rigid framework and functioning like a beam or by prehistoric clay figurines from Egypt and the lintel. Middle East. Skeleton Construction Casting - an object made by pouring molten employed reinforced concrete and steel. metal or other material into a mold. Cantilever Fabrication – an additive process that employs makes use of a beam or slab extending any method of joining or fastening such as nailing, horizontally into space beyond its supporting stapling, soldering and welding. post, yet strong enough to support the walls Ex Artist: Kublai Millan (from Mindanao) - and floors. known for Sculpture,Art photography, Painting, Digital Arts, Performance art SCULPTURE INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM a three-dimensional work of art constructed to THE STRINGS represent a natural or imaginary shape. The stringed instruments have a hollow sound Kinds: box across which nylon, wire or gut strings are Free-standing or sculpture in the round – can be stretched. seen from more than one position. These strings are made to vibrate by means of a Relief sculpture – its figures project from a flat horsehair bow rubbed over them. background. High relief – those whose figures project to Felipe Padilla de Leon, a major Philippine the extent of one half their thickness or more composer, conductor, and scholar. I am known so that they are almost round. best for translating the lyrics of the Philippine Low or bas relief – when forms are slightly National Anthem from the original Spanish to raised Tagalog. Kinetic sculpture – movement is a basic element A recipient of numerous awards and honors, de Ex. Mobiles Leon was posthumously named National Artist of High relief – those whose figures project to the the Philippines for music in 1997. extent of one half their thickness or more so that they are almost round. The violin is the soprano voice in the string family. MEDIUMS The viola is the alto voice in the string family. Mediums The violoncello or cello is the tenor voice in the Stone string family. Wood The double bass, or string bass is the largest and Metal lowest instrument of the string family. Scrap, any found objects Techniques Subtractive (carving) HARP between one's lips and blowing air through them, The harp is not at all constructed like the rest of the reeds vibrate and produce a sound. the stringed instruments. It is not a regular member of the orchestra, but it is one of the oldest The English horn is another doublereed instruments. instrument in the woodwind family. GUITAR The bassoon is a large double reed instrument The guitar is seldom used in the orchestra, but it with a lower sound than the other woodwind is almost always a part of jazz bands. instruments. Its double reed is attached to a small Commonly used to accompany the singing of folk curved tube called a bocal which fits into the songs. bassoon. WOODWINGS When the player blows air between the reeds, the The three branches of the woodwind family have vibrating column of air inside the instrument different sources of sound. travels over nine feet to the bottom of the Vibrations begin when air is blown: instrument, then up to the top where the sound across the top of an instrument comes out. across a single reed The contrabassoon is another double-reed across two reeds. instrument in the woodwind family. Although Reeds are small pieces of cane. much like the bassoon, it is larger and its sound Two reeds tied together are commonly known as much lower. a double reed. BRASSES The piccolo is exactly like the flute except that it Brass family instruments produce their unique is much smaller and is usually made of silver or sound by the player buzzing his/her lips while wood. The pitch of the piccolo is higher than that blowing air through a cup or funnel shaped of a flute. mouthpiece. Full name: plauta piccolo, which means “little To produce higher or lower pitches, the player flute.” It is an octave higher than the flute. adjusts the opening between his/her lips. Originally made of wood, the flute is now made The main instruments of the brass family include from silver or gold and is about 2 feet in length. the trumpet, trombone, French horn, and tuba. The trumpet is the highest sounding member of Made from wood, the clarinet produces a fluid the brass family. sound when air is blown between a single reed and The brilliant tone of the trumpet travels through the mouthpiece. By pressing metal keys with the about 6 - ½ feet of tubing bent into an oblong fingers of both hands, the player has the ability to shape. play many different notes very quickly. The player presses the three valves in various The bass clarinet is a larger and lower sounding combinations with the fingers of the right hand to relative of the clarinet. Like the clarinet, the bass obtain various pitches. clarinet is a single-reed instrument and is made of The mouthpiece of the trombone is larger than wood. that of a trumpet, and gives the instrument a more Conically shaped, the saxophone is the only mellow sound. Instead of valves, the trombone has woodwind instrument made of brass. Although it is a slide which changes the length of its found only occasionally in the symphony approximately 9 feet of tubing to reach different orchestra, it is considered a member of the pitches. woodwind family because it has a single reed like The horn or French horn consists of about 12 the clarinet. feet of narrow tubing wound into a circle. The player obtains different notes on the horn with a The oboe is similar to the clarinet in many ways. clear mellow sound by pressing valves with the left Both are made from wood and have metal keys hand and by moving the right hand inside of the that can produce many notes rapidly. Unlike the bell. clarinet, the oboe does not have a mouthpiece, but has two reeds tied together. By placing them  Made of about 16 feet of tubing, the tuba is the the tambourine is shaken, rubbed, or struck on lowest sounding member of the brass family. the drum head with the knuckles. The tuba has four to five valves and is held Mozart first used the tambourine in his music in upright in the player’s lap. 1782. PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS The triangle is made from a small round steel With a name that means, "the hitting of one body tube, and is played by striking it with a steel against another," instruments in the percussion beater. Its bright shimmering sound is untuned family are played by being struck, shaken, or and resembles that of a bell. The triangle first scraped. joined the orchestra in the late 1700s. In the orchestra, the percussion section provides Timpani, also called kettledrums, were the first a variety of rhythms, textures and tone colors. drums to be used in the orchestra over 300 years Percussion instruments are classified as tuned or ago. untuned. They are constructed of a large copper bowl with Tuned instruments play specific pitches or a drumhead made of calfskin or plastic stretched notes, just like the woodwind, brass and string across the top. instruments. Chimes are a tuned instrument consisting of a Untuned instruments produce a sound with set of 12 to 18 metal tubes hung from a metal an indefinite pitch, like the sound of a hand frame. knocking on a door. The metal tubes range from 1 to 2 ½ inches in Sergei Rachmaninoff. I am widely considered as diameter and from 4 to 6 feet in length. The one of the finest pianists of all time and, as a chimes, or tubular bells, are struck with a mallet composer, one of the last great representatives of and sound like church bells when played. Romanticism in Russian classical music. The longer the length of tube that is struck, the lower the pitch that is created. Percussion means "the hitting of one body Also called orchestra bells, the glockenspiel against another." resembles a small xylophone, but it is made of Percussion instruments are classified as tuned or steel bars. The name glockenspiel comes from the untuned. German language and means "to play the bells." In marching bands, the steel plates are attached The composer Mozart added the deep, booming, to a lyre-shaped frame. It is then called a bell-lyre. untuned sound of the bass drum to the orchestra First used in the orchestra just over a century in 1782. ago, the xylophone is a tuned instrument made of The snare drum joined the orchestra nearly 200 hardwood bars in graduated lengths set years ago. horizontally on a metal frame. has two calfskin or plastic drumheads Striking the bars with hard mallets produces a stretched tightly over a hollow metal frame. The bright, sharp sound. The xylophone was originally top head is struck with wooden drumsticks, modeled after an African instrument and its name and is called the batter-head. The bottom head, is Greek, meaning "wood sound". or snare-head has catgut or metal wires called Nicanor Abelardo -Filipino composer known for snares stretched tightly across it. Kundiman songs, especially before the Second Made from two large, slightly concave brass World War. One of them is Bituing Marikit. He plates, cymbals are fitted with leather hand straps composed the melody of the university of the and are shaped so that when they are crashed Philippines’ official anthem, U.P. Naming Mahal. together, only the edges touch. Take note that the Keyboard instruments Although cymbals are untuned instruments, occasionally play with the symphony orchestra. different sized cymbals produce a wide range KEYBOARD of sound effects. Keyboard instruments are often classified as The tambourine is a shallow, handheld drum percussion instruments because they play a made of a circular wooden frame with a calfskin rhythmic role in some music. However, most or plastic drumhead stretched across the top. keyboard instruments are not true members of the The tambourine has small discs called jingles set percussion family because their sound is not into its circular frame which produce sound when produced by the vibration of a membrane or solid above A3). Some mezzos may be able to sing material. slightly lower or higher. Sound is produced on the piano by small Contralto -The lowest female voice being able to hammers striking strings. It is basically a string sing roughly between F3 (F below middle C) and instrument. E5, and possibly lower. The hammers are controlled mechanically and Male strike the strings when the player's hands press Tenor - The highest male voice being able to sing the piano keys. roughly between B2 (2nd B below middle C) and The piano was invented in the 18th century and A4 (A above Middle C), and possibly higher. was called pianoforte (soft-loud) to indicate its wide Lyric - A lightweight, graceful, lyric tenor. range and to distinguish if from its ancestor, the Dramatic - A powerful, rich, heroic tenor. clavichord which was smaller and which produced Baritone - A male voice in between the tenor and very soft tones. bass that is able to sing between G2 (two Gs below The harpsichord is an early relative of the piano. middle C) and F4 (F above middle C). Some Although it looks like a piano, it sounds much baritones may be able to sing slightly lower or different. higher. Small hooks called quills pluck the strings when Lyric - A voice that is lighter and perhaps the player's hand presses a key on the keyboard. mellower than the dramatic baritone. It is The celesta consists of a series of small steel probably the most common of the baritone voice bars placed over resonators; the bars are struck by types. small hammers controlled by a keyboard. Dramatic - A voice with a somewhat heavier, Organ – a wind instrument. darker quality. When an organist presses the keys of an organ, Bass -The lowest male voice being able to sing air is allowed to flow into corresponding pipes. roughly between E2 (Two Es below middle C) and The vibration of the air in the pipes creates the E4 (The E above middle C), and possibly lower. sound of the organ. Basso Cantante - A lighter, more lyrical voice, perhaps with a slightly higher range. The organ in the Meyerson Symphony Center Basso Profundo - A particularly deep and was designed and created by the Fisk Organ resonant voice. It may reach the B below the Company of Glouceter, Massachusetts. bass clef (B0), but is most distinguished by its Some keyboard instruments have free reeds that dark and cavernous timbre. vibrate back and forth in a slot. Examples are the WHAT ABOUT THOSE MEN WHO CAN SING LIKE accordion and the concertina. WOMEN? THE HUMAN VOICE Some men can sing in the same range as women Vocal music is a type of music performed by one using their falsetto voices or as a result of some or more singers, with or without instrumental rare physiological conditions. These men do not fall accompaniment (a cappella), in which singing into the three female categories. These men are provides the main focus of the piece. known as countertenors within classical music. BASIC VOICE TYPES (OPERATIC SYSTEM) Within contemporary music, however, the use of Female the term tenor for these male voices would be more Soprano - The highest female voice being able to appropriate. sing roughly between C4 (middle C) and C6 (high THE ARTIST AND THE ARTIST’S MEDIUM C), and possibly higher. The nature of the medium determines: Coloratura – highest and lightest voice the way it can be worked and turned into a Lyric – usually sings the part of a heroine in work of art. the opera what can be expressed through it only subjects Dramatic - A powerful, rich, emotive voice. that are captured or frozen in one moment of time Used for the heroic, tragic, and/or victimized can be shown by the mediums of the space arts. women of opera. Range from Bb2 or A2 to C5. Actual movement cannot be reflected in stone. Mezzo-soprano - A female voice in between the Painting can show people in certain poses, not in soprano and contralto that is able to sing roughly motion. between A3 (A below middle C) and A5 (two octaves  Each medium has its own range of Lines cross over one another to form shapes. characteristics which determine the Shapes can be filled with tone and color, or physical appearance of the finished product. repeated to create pattern. A shape may be rendered with a rough surface to Each medium has inherent limitations, as well as create a texture. potentials. A shape may be projected into three dimensions THE MEDIUM OF THE ARTIST to create form What medium to employ? LINE No fixed rules governing the choice of materials simplest, most ancient and most universal means and process. for creating visual art Limitation: a continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point and is often used to define shapes, Requirements of the patron or the nature of create textures, and suggest movement or the work. Oftentimes, the matter of selecting the direction. medium is left entirely to the artists themselves. CHARACTERISTICS What influences the artist’s choice? Length: The distance a line covers, which can The availability of the material influence perception (long, short, etc.) The use to which the art object will be put Thickness: Can vary from thick to thin; affects The idea that the artist wants to communicate the line’s visual weight and emotional impact. Quality: Refers to how the line is drawn – delicate The nature and special characteristics of the bold, flowing, etc. medium itself THE ARTIST AND THE ARTIST’S TECHNIQUE KINDS OF LINES Good artists make their medium work for Actual lines are lines that are physically present, themselves to produce effects they cannot possibly existing as solid connections between one or more attain by any other means. points, Straight or classic lines Technique – the artists knowledge of their horizontal lines medium and their skill in making it achieve what vertical lines they want it to achieve. diagonal Artist differ from each other in technique even Curved – graceful and show life and energy. working with the same medium. Shaped – line of grace or line of beauty of Technique is adapted as the need arises. Hogarth Artists and craftsmen Implied lines are those created by visually connecting two or more areas together. It is in the use of technique that artists differ Expressive lines are curved, adding an organic, from a craftsman. more dynamic character to a work of art. Artist’s work is always in response to some “leap Different types of lines: of imagination.” In the process of working his/her Curved lines suggest comfort and ease material, the artist exploits every possibility that Horizontal lines suggest distance and calm the medium offers, never really knowing how Vertical lines suggest height and strength his/her work will turn out until it is finished. Jagged lines suggest turmoil and anxiety The process is like an adventure. Different expressive qualities: The use of technique is like a means to an end. Freehand lines can express the personal energy and mood of the artist Originality Mechanical lines can express a rigid control Creativity Continuous lines can lead the eye in certain Artists create aesthetically pleasing works, directions whereas artisans focus on accessorizing and Broken lines can express the ephemeral or the functionality rather than aesthetics. insubstantial Artists' work is typically displayed in museums or Thick lines can express strength Thin lines can express delicacy galleries, whereas artisans sell their wares at fairs and shops. VALUE OR TONE Value ELEMENTS OF THE VISUAL ARTS AND the relative degree of lightness and darkness in PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN a graphic art. RELATIONSHIP OF VISUAL ELEMENTS indicates luminosity the presence and absence Most images begin their life as line drawings. of light  Value scale TRIADIC HARMONY White – medium – black - Three colors that are evenly spaced on the The point hallway between white and black color wheel. This provides a high contrast color may be classified as light opposite, may be scheme, but less so than the complementary classified as dark. color combination — making it more versatile. It gives the impression of solidity distance and This combination creates bold, vibrant color illusion of depth palettes. In architecture values change with the light - Primary triad, secondary triad, intermediate triad - since there are 6 LIGHT AND SHADOW intermediate hues, there will also be two sets of Chiaroscuro (Italian) – a means of modeling a intermediate triad. figure in depth, a means of articulating the form. MONOCHROMATIC HARMONY from Italian chiaro, “light,” and scuro, “dark” - three shades, tones and tints of one base color. It provides a subtle and conservative color ELEMENT: COLOR combination. This is a versatile color the quality of an object or substance with respect combination that is easy to apply to design to light reflected by it. projects for a harmonious look. a series of wavelengths which strikes our retina ANALOGOUS HARMONY not a property of an object but a property of lght - three colors that are side by side on the color PROPERTIES OF COLORS wheel can be used. This color combination is Hue – identity of a color versatile, but can be overwhelming. To balance Primary (P=P) an analogous color scheme, choose one Secondary (P+P=S) dominant color, and use the others as accents. Intermediate (P+S=I) Tertiary – can be produced by combining in equal mixture any two secondary colors such as violet – green, orange – green (S+S=T) Value A term applied to denote the lightness and darkness of a color. Tints and Shades Intensity - used to denote the brightness and dullness of a color COLOR HARMONUNY the correct combination and arrangement of colors so that they appear pleasing to the eyes Harmonies of related colors: Monochromatic and Analogous Harmonies of contrasting colors complementary, split complementary, triads SINGLE COMPLEMENTARY - When two colors lie on opposite sides of the color wheel DOUBLE COMPLEMENTARY - created with two hues (colors) next to each other on the color wheel and are paired with two adjacent hues on the opposite side. SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY - with three colors that are not equally divided along the color wheel but two of the colors are close to each other (not adjacent) and opposite to the third color. This could be red, yellow- green and bluegreen. DOUBLE – SPLIT COMPLENTARY - composed of six colors with two Y guides.