Art Appreciation PDF

behavior being a fit subject for MODULE 1 prediction. Lesson 1, Part 1: Humanities and Art Humanities explore Philosophy...

behavior being a fit subject for MODULE 1 prediction. Lesson 1, Part 1: Humanities and Art Humanities explore Philosophy, Languages, Literature, and the DEFINITION OF HUMANITIES Art. From the Latin word ‘humanus’ more concerned with the which means human, cultured, individual, and especially with and refined. unique creations of the Human beings have natural individual imagination which human tendencies, norms and we call works of art. can adapt to the environment. ○ We are human HUMANITIES IN ACADEMICS -ability to show kindness, Academically, we refer to tenderness, and humanities as the study of rationality. arts– the visual arts - able to identify right (architecture, painting, from wrong, moral and sculpture), music, dance, ethical from what is not. theater/drama, and literature. -have faculties that can be considered advanced Study of Art -delving into areas in which compared to other human values and individual species. expressiveness are celebrated. ○ We are refined -it is about what it is to be human, -improvement is seen in therefore, we can understand our being good taste. ‘human’. -ability to change and improve our ways. DEFINITION OF ART ○ We are cultured -learned in ways of a From the Latin word ‘ars’ which civilized society. means ability or skill. -includes speech, Basic Definitions (Assumptions knowledge, beliefs, arts, of Art) technologies, ideals, and ○ Art is Experience social rules. -Experience is the Important to study because process of doing and through exploration of seeing things and having humanities we are able to think things happen to you. creatively, critically, reason, and -it is an encounter understand better what it is to -it is personal or be human. individual, as we experience different SOCIAL SCIENCE VS things -it is accompanied by HUMANITIES emotions or emotional Social Science reaction focus on Psychology, Economics, and History Dewey: art is a powerful form of attempt to see human beings in communication and expression the mass/groups, as subjects for generalizations, their -explains that art is a dynamic human LEVELS OF ART APPRECIATION experience that involves both artist We, as the artist's audience, interact and audience with the work of art – experience it. -art lies in the experience that you Thus, we recreate what is presented to have, experience created through the us. artwork in collaboration with the artist Interaction - We become delighted in Note: the arts through our senses. Our -art is experience. It tells of physical, enjoyment can increase in two levels: emotional, intellectual, and spiritual 1. Understanding experiences. 2. Feeling -art is an everyday experience which ought not to be detached from daily life. The Artistic Process -aesthetic judgements about the quality Artist interacts with an of the object have their place but experience or a subject. should not be an obstacle to The artist translates the experience. interaction into a medium. -artist does not create a mere lifeless The elements of the medium object but an experience that the are used to produce the audience can relate to. finished work. ○ Art is not Nature Elements in the Artistic Process -art is not real Work (through equipment, tools, -it is an imitation of materials, etc.) nature or what is Artist natural by an artist. ○ may produce though -art is man made talent (natural capacity) -individual artists have ○ may enhance the skill their own very personal through motivation and ways of seeing. Personal training perceptions and feelings come into play. ARTIST VS ARTISAN ○ Art is Beauty Artist -Beauty in terms of art Somewhat an elitist view refers to an interaction categorizing the “Fine Arts” between line, color, Creates for aesthetics texture,sound, shape, “High Art” emotion, and size that is For aesthetic pleasure pleasing to the senses. -it provides aesthetic Artisan pleasure. Functional utilitarian art Fold traditions and practitioners Through the concept value of are seen as craftsman or aesthetics -depends on how effectively artisans the principles and elements of art Done by hand, in small interact that provide value. quantity Through the concept value of taste -depends on factors like class, culture, background, education, etc.  ART VS CRAFT TYPES OF SUBJECTS Art Landscapes, Seascapes, and A unique way of expressing Cityscapes someone' emotions and Still Life desires in a visual manner Animals Unique and more personal; Portraits therefore, it can not be Figures reproduced or duplicated Everyday Life (Real Life) Depends on the innate talent History and Legend of a person Religion and Mythology Expression of emotions is the Dreams and Fantasies core Has more of an emotional STYLES OF REPRESENTATION value 1. Realism- normal appearance 2. Abstraction- simplifying; Craft omission/reducing of details Creative way of making 3. Distortion- proportions area creative things by hand arranged differently from natural Can be reproduced by another appearance person having the same talent, 4. Surrealism- realism + distortion by following the same style of the particular craft work Talent and skill need to be ART FORMS well groomed and molded 1. Visual- visual in nature; with experience according to painting, ceramics, drawing, the particular style sculpture, crafts, design, Core is the creative output out printmaking, photography, of something made by hand architecture. Has an attractive and creative 2. Literary- fiction or non-fiction value 3. Popular/Modern- showcase of what’s trendy, well-liked, and Lesson 1, Part 2: Art Subjects prevalent such as romance novels, computer games, music and Representing them videos, manga. 4. Performing- use of human Subject body, face, and presence as Refers to the main idea that is media; examples are music, represented in the artwork dance, theater. Who or what the art is about 5. Digital- computer-aided. (may be objective/abstract or non- objective) SCOPE OF ARTS Essence of the piece According to purpose 1. Practical arts/ useful Factors Affecting Choice of Subject arts- directed to produce Medium artifacts and utensils for Time the satisfaction of human Patronage the artist has needs Developments -also called functional arts -manmade artworks  2. Liberal arts- directed History is straightforward and toward intellectual based on facts- only in theory. growth Historians decided what to -academically, are include and what to exclude, subjects life and they produced an organized 3. Fine arts- focused material that would effectively towards creative activity narrate the past for the benefit for the contemplation of of the present. the mind and uplift spirit Time changes, so narratives are -examples are updated, rewritten, and performing arts sometimes discarded altogether 4. Major arts- painting, and replaced with new ones. architecture, sculpture, History is subjective- a literature, music and product of interpretation during dance (involves actual a particular time. and potential History is tilted with a bias expressiveness) towards the storyteller. 5. Minor arts- decorative ‘What is history, but a fable arts, popular arts, agreed upon?’ -Napoleon graphic arts, plastic Bonaparte arts,industrial arts -for creation and ART HISTORY THEN pleasure The discipline of art history developed in Europe during According to the media and the colonial period (15th forms century and the mid 20th 1. Plastic and graphic century) arts- developed through Europeans traditions were space and perceived by emphasized (Greek and Roman the sense of sight origins) ; and Ideals of academic 2. Kinetic arts- shows art element of rhythm Mid 20th century – the 3. Phonetic arts- sounds standard narrative for “Western and words as media of Art” was established expression The discipline of studying art 4. Pure arts- take only history labeled Art from the rest medium of expression of the world as ‘Non-Western like sound in music and Art’ and was viewed marginally color in painting from a colonialist perspective. 5. Mixed arts- take more than one medium such ART HISTORY NOW as the opera which combines music, poetry, An immense sociocultural and drama changes took place in the 20th century that led art historians to amend these narratives. Lesson 2: Western Art History Women and artists of color were included ON HISTORY Traditional focus on painting, Ideas about history have sculpture, and architecture was changed over time. expanded to include so-called  minor arts such as ceramics (ex: 525 BC) and textiles and contemporary BCE and CE - after the year media such as video and (27 BCE) performance art. Interest in Non-Western art Dates sometimes are preceded increased. with ‘c.’ or ‘ca.’ Globalism and Abbreviations of the Latin word multiculturalism are shaping “cirra” which means around, the history of art today. or approximately Art history possesses a role in Used before a date to indicate developing interconnectedness that we do not know exactly and familiarity with diverse when something happened’ cultures. Example: c.400 B.C.E. means Art historians are working to approximately 400 years Before reconcile the discipline’s (study the Common Era. of Art History) European A Century is composed of 100 intellectual origins and its years problematic colonialist legacy There is no year zero in the with contemporary Gregorian Calendar multiculturalism. 1st century (year 1 - 100) 21st century (January 1, 2001 THE GREGORIAN CALENDAR to December 31, 2100) -Pope Gregory XIII ○ The century will always The Gregorian Calendar be one more than the We have been using the written year (2021 is in Gregorian Calendar since 1582. the 21st Century) There are numerous calendars, 2nd Century B.C. is from beyond the Gregorian calendar, 200-101 B.C (backward that are still in use today. counting) Example date: December 26, 2021 means it has been 1. Medieval art from around 4Ad to two-thousand and twenty-one 1300 years (give or take a few) after 2. Renaissance 1300-1600 Jesus Christ is believed to have 3. Boroque 1600-1730 been born. 4. Rococo 1720-1780 5. Neoclassicism 1750-1830 With Christian Reference 6. Romanticism 1780-1880 B.C. - “Before Christ” 7. Realism 1848-1900 A.D. - L. Anno Domini (in the 8. Art Noveau 1890 year of our Lord) (Latin) 9. Impressionism 1860-1890 10. Post-impressionism 1886-1905 Newer System 11. Fauvism 1900-1935 B.C.E. - Before the Common 12. Expressionism 1905-1930 Era (functions like B.C.) 13. Cubism 1907-1914 C.E. - Common Era (functions 14. Surrealism 1916-1950 like A.D.) 15. Abstract Expressionism 1940’s- 1950’s Format 16. Contemporary Art 1946-present AD - before the year (ex: AD 2021) *Take note that some of these period/movements overlap with each other BC - after the year  MEDIEVAL ART Heavily sponsored by the Catholic church; art as ca. AD 4 to AD 1300 weapon in religion wars Includes styles and periods (Counter-Reformation such as early Christian and Movement) Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon and Key artists included: Viking, Carolingan, Ottonian, ○ Caravaggio 1571-1610 Romanesque, and Gothic. ○ Peter Paul Rubens Themes and subjects: church 1577-1640 and sacred stories and ○ Gian Lorenzo Bernini personalities 1598-1680 Purpose: create art to promote ○ Diego Velazquez and spread Christianity 1599-1660 Ex: Painting on the wall by an Lot and his Daughters (c.1614) early Christian catacomb by Peter Paul Rubens showing Moses (or Peter) striking a rock to get water ROCOCO RENAISSANCE ca. AD 1720-1780 An extension of the Baroque ca. AD 1300-1600 Decorative and theatrical Revival of classical learning aspects of art with an from ancient Greece and Rome emphasis on asymmetry, Blossoming of all the arts, in curved forms and bright painting, sculpture, music, and colors. architecture Originating in France during Incorporation of Elements of the reign of Louis XV Arts (1715-1774) Rise of academies; art became Combination of painting, an industry sculpture, and architecture Some key artist into a unified scheme, applying ○ Sandro Botticelli c. to both interior design and the 1445-1510 decorative arts ○ Leonardo Vinci Key artists included: Leonardo da Vinci ○ Giovanni Battista Tieplo 1452-1519 1796-1770 ○ Michelangelo 1475-1564 ○ Francois Boucher ○ Raphael 1483-1520 1703-1770 The Birth of Venus (c.1485) by ○ Jean-Honore Fragonard Sandro Botticelli. Uffizi Gallery, 1732-1806 Florence Venus and Amor (1742) by Francois Boucher. BAROQUE Gemaldegalerie, Berlin ca. Ad 1600-1730 Classical idealism of the NEOCLASSICISM Renaissance with a greater ca. AD 1750-1830 emphasis on drama Artist and architects sought to Art that seeks to evoke revive the symmetry and emotional states precision of the Renaissance Using strong color schemes Era and employing swirling spirals and upward diagonals  A strong sense of inner in capturing everyday life harmony, clarity, and restraint Detailed, life-like depictions of within the picture subject matter Art as a political tool to reveal Painting what is physically stories of the rich and seen influential Celebrating working class and Key artists included: peasants ○ Jacques-Louis David Key artist 1748-1825 ○ Gustave Courbet ○ Antonio Canova 1819-1877 (Father of 1757-1822 Realism) ○ Jean-Auguste-Dominiqu The Desperate Man e Ingres 1780-1867 (c.1843-1845) by Gustave The Emperor Napoleon in His Courbet Study at the Tuileries by Jacques-Louis-David (1812) ART NOVEAU ca. AD 1890-1910 ROMANTICISM ‘New Art’ ca. AD 1780-1880 An entirely authentic Beginning of Modern Art movement free from any Art as an expression of the imitation of styles that individual artist and an preceded it “authentic” response to the Focused on the natural world, world of sensory experience, characterized by long, sinuous especially its vastness and lines and curves unpredictability of nature Key artist: Individuality and celebration of ○ Alphonse Mucha personal inspiration and 1860-1939 imagination ○ Antoni Gaudi 1852-1926 Passion and emotion over Sarah Bernhardt (c.1896) by intellect and reason Alphonse Mucha Exploration of the dark recesses of human psychology IMPRESSIONISM Key artists included: ca. Ad 1860-1890 ○ Caspar David Friedrich Emerged in the second half of 1774-1840 19th century in Paris ○ J.M.W. Turner Anti-academic in style, 1775-1851 characterized by lovely ○ John Constable brushstrokes and a bright 1776-1837 color palette ○ Henri Fuseli 1741-1825 Painting outdoors (in plein air) The hiker above the sea of fog instead in a studio (c.1817) by Caspar David Common subjects: landscapes Friedrich and scenes of everyday life Placing attention on the REALISM transient effects of sunlight Began in France ca. AD as much as on the subject 1848-1900 themselves The rise of journalism and the Key artists included: advent of photography; interest  ○ Claude Monet ca. AD 1900-1935 1840-1926 Led by Henri Matisse; built ○ Edgar Degas 1834-1917 upon examples from Vincent ○ Camille Pissaro Van Gogh and George Seurat 1830-1903 Style was characterized by ○ Auguste Renior expressive use of intense 1841-1919 color, line, and brushwork, a ○ Paul Cezanne bold, sense of surface design, 1839-1906 and flat composition Camille Monet on a Garden Centered on the expression of Bench (1873) by Claude Monet feeling Impression Sunrise (notable Key artist: work) and inspiration of the ○ Henri Matisse name of the movement (1872) 1869-1954 The Dance (c.1910) by Henri POST-IMPRESSIONISM Matisse ca. AD 1886-1905 Mainly French movement EXPRESSIONISM A natural evolution from Originated in Germany at the impressionism; term coined beginning of 20th century in 1910 by English art critic Artists seeking to depict not Roger Fry pertaining to an objective reality but rather a array of separate artists subjective, emotional charged inspired by the responses to a rapidly impressionists than a changing world. close-knit group Free-spirited paintings tended Artists continuing to use vivid to be bold and brisk, roughly colors, a thick brushstrokes, cut, with vivid, sometimes and real-life subject matter, overbright colors, expressing a but also expressive of their dual theme of celebration and emotional and psychological disfiguration responses to the world through Key artists included: distorted forms and unnatural ○ Ernst Ludwig Kirchner color schemes 1880-1938 Key artists included: ○ Wassily Kandinsky ○ Paul Cezanne 1866-1944 1839-1906 ○ Paul Klee 1878-1944 ○ Vincent van Gogh ○ Edvard Munch 1853-1890 1863-1944 ○ Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 Landscape with Factory ○ George Seurat Chimney (1910) by Wassily 1859-1891 (known for Kandinsky pointillism) Wheat Field with Cypresses CUBISM (1889) by Vincent van Gogh Invented ca. 1907-1908 by artists Pablo Picasso and George Braque Taking inspiration from post-impressionist Paul FAUVISM Cezanne  artist s began painting Focuses on the medium itself subjects in fragmented forms and exists without in such a way that suggested representation of subject (no multiple viewpoints person, place, object) simultaneously Key artists: Rejected the concept that art ○ Jackson Pollock should copy nature 1912-1956 Key artists included: ○ Mark Rothko 1903-1970 ○ Pablo Picasso (large blocks of colors) 1881-1973 Autumn Rhythm (1950) by ○ Georges Braque Jackson Pollock 1882-1963 ○ Juan Gris 1887-1927 CONTEMPORARY ART Portrait of Daniel-Henry From 1946-present Kahnweiler, 1910, by Pablo All art has come after the Picasso World War II Some sources: 1970 is the SURREALISM beginning ca. Ad 1916-1950 Encompasses many themes Emerged from the Dada art and styles and takes up to the movement in 1916 present day; rules are Dada was anti-aesthetic, perpetually broken. anti-rational and anti-idealistic Has no clear linear pattern Surrealistic created works of and is chaotic art that defied reason Encourages mix of ideas, Blamed this thought process on medias, forms events like World War I and ○ Examples believed it to repress Feminist art imaginative thoughts Street art Surrealists were influenced by Digital art Karl Marx and theories developed by Sigmund Freud, Lesson 3: Philippine Art who explored psychoanalysis and the power of imagination History Vivid and bizarre dreams with historical accuracy BRANCHES OF PHILIPPINE ART Key artist: TRADITIONAL/ETHNIC/FOLK ARTS ○ Salvador Dali 1904-1989 Part of the culture of a group The Persistence of Memory of people (1931) Passed down through generations from master ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM craftsmen to apprentices ca. 1940’s-1950’s Folk architecture, maritime Product of World War II transport, weaving, carving, folk Artists broke away from what performing arts, folk (oral) was considered conventional, literature, folk graphic and and instead used spontaneity plastic arts, ornament, textile, or and improvisation to create fiber art, pottery, and other abstract works of art (ex: floor artistic expressions of traditional instead of canvas and easel) culture  Bearers of traditional arts can ○ Spanish Missionary, be nominated as Gawad Francisco Collin Manlilikha ng Bayan Literature: There were early (GAMABA), equal to National forms of literature (riddles; Artist tanaga, diona, dalit poetic Apo Whang-Od, 2020 forms) (GAMABA) nominated ○ Early literature was also mostly transmitted NON-TRADITIONAL ARTS through performed Encompass dance, music, rituals. theater, visual arts, literature, ○ Art was a communal film and broadcast arts, (not individualistic) than architecture and allied arts,and individualistic property design Knew the value of gold and Major art forms other minerals Bearers of non-traditional arts ○ These coins are called can be nominated as National piloncito Artist, equal to Gawad ○ Some were used as Manlilikha ng Bayan ornaments to show Example: Jose Garcia Villa status (ex: Lingling-o (1973) Humanities 14 ornaments found in Palawan) PRE-COLONIAL There was already a rich The first people in the indigenous spiritual tradition– Philippines, i.e., Negritos from the world is inhabited by spirits Borneo, Sumatra, and Malaya, and supernatural entities. were hunter-gatherers. ○ Sculpture: likha However, between 3000 BC and (deities) and anito 2000 BC, people learned to (departed ancestors) farm (grew rice and Women were on equal footing domesticated animals) with men From the AD 10th century ○ Ancient Filipinos Filipinos traded with China and celebrated a woman’s by the AD 12th century Arab first menstruation. merchants reached the ○ Pre-hispanic Philippine Philippines and they introduced was either patriarchal Islam. or matriarchal Medieval art in the West – ○ Pre-colonial women focus was on religion and enjoyed the same Christianity rights, privileges, and Pre-colonial inhabitants were opportunities as did literate. men Had systems of writing and ○ Babaylan– mystical reading (ex: Baybayin) healers or shaman, ○ There were at least 16 whose spiritual different types of connectedness was a writing systems source of political and present around the social power Philippines prior to our colonization. Examples: ○ Baybayin script  ○ Okir Motif of the ○ San Sebastian Church Maranaos in Lanao (AD Window 501-600) ○ Pages of Doctrina ○ Dalit Poem Christian in Latin and ○ Piloncito gold coin Baybayin scripts ○ A likha portraying a deity ○ Lingling-o jade and The development of the metal ornaments from agricultural export economy caves in Palawan provided opportunity for native ○ Singkil Royal Dance Indios to acquire economic wealth SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD They became what was to be When the Spaniards arrived in called the ‘ilustrados’ meaning the Philippines in 1521, the enlightened and educated colonizers used art as a tool to The ‘ilustrados’ sent their propagate the Catholic faith children to universities in through beautiful images. Europe Communication was problem, The ‘ilustrados’ became the so some native forms were new patron of the arts. These used to promote the Catholic events paved the way for the faith (ex: Diona and Dalit secularization of art in the poems, Baybayin) 19th century. Used images and With more tourists, ilustrados performative forms to explain and foreigners demanding Catholicism (ex: church souvenirs and decorations from paintings, sinakulo, pasyon) to the country, Tipos del Pais replace pagan symbols and (Types of the Country) practices developed in painting. The friars commissioned artisans to create Catholic Tipos del Pais is a style of images; they were the patrons watercolor painting. Damian of the arts in the country Domingo was the most The Friars enforced strict popular artist who worked in supervision under their this style. production of arts; art was only He also known as the “Father for the church and religious of Filipino Painting” ALIAS use. “The First Great Filipino Native traditions were almost Painter” and Founder of the wiped out except for traditions Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, of far-flung ethnic communities the first school of drawing in who were not in direct contact the Philippines (1821) with the colonizers Native literature art were The rise of the ilustrados also replaced by forms that saw an increase in the mirrored the life of medieval demand of the art of Europe portraiture. Examples: The need to adorn their newly ○ The San Agustin constructed bahay-na-bato and Church, the oldest the want to document their catholic church in the newfound wealth and social Philippines (1586-1607) status, motivated the ilustrados  to commission painters to The Americans subjugated the make portraits of themselves. Philippines through education The works of painters like and governance Simon Flores captured the 48 years (1898-1946) intricately designed jewelry and Commonwealth period (1935) fashion accessories, the minute – established with U.S. details of the embroidered approval, and Manuel Quezon clothes, and ornately designed was elected the country’s first domestic furniture of the president patrons. The painstaking Public education was free; attention to minute details English was used as a medium characterized the painting style of instruction. Spanish and the Minaturismo. major dialects in the country Examples: were also excluded from use ○ Tipos del Pais paintings Literary forms from West ○ Self portrait by Damian infiltrated the classrooms Domingo (ca.1790-1832) Indigenous literature and art ○ Quiason Family by forms were fortunately Simon Flores (1880) preserved through the effort of educated writers and social 1849- a decree that all scientists Philippine natives should Shift in art patronage assume Spanish names The new patrons favored Letras y figuras was developed landscapes, still life, and genre by Jose Honorato Lozano themes that show the beauty of Other artists studies abroad the land and its people like Felix Resureccion Portraits were still favored by Hidalgo- first international the public officials Filipino artist who won the gold American Colonization and silver medals in the 1884 brought high influence to the Madrid Exposition major Filipino art forms: Mariano Baldemor Madrinan- paintings, sculptures and the first Filipino to have won an architectures International award in sculpture Examples: Fabian dela Rosa ○ Las Virgenes Cristianas (1869-1937)-- The first painter Expuestas al Populacho of note for the 20th century (The Christian Virgins Considered the brightest name Exposed to the Rabble) in Filipino paintings and by Felix Resurreccion certainly the most important Hidalgo in 1884 for the first quarter of the ○ Mater Dolorsa by century. Mariano Baldemor BUT nephew Fernando Madrinan in 1883 Amorsolo captured the ○ Balvino Mauricio Letras attention of the public and the Y Figuras by Jose buyers had a long artistic Honorato Lozano, career. He was named as the 1864-1845 country’s first National Artist AMERICAN AND in 1972. COMMONWEALTH PERIOD Fernando amorsolo’s paintings burst with  yellow-orange and golden Seal of the Republic of sunlight that captured the the Philippines Philippine landscapes VS Fabian dela Rosa’s works JAPANESE OCCUPATION with subdued cool colors 1942-1945 Amorsolo was therefore able to Filipinos were scared to show the ideal beauty of the express their opinions Philippine landscape, the Artistic activities were Philippine rural life, and the suspended, but some artists Filipinas managed to produce artworks Dalagang Bukid based on the atrocities Amorsolo also ventured into brought by the war advertising Literature used for Book and magazine cover communication by the guerillas designs was produced in secret Designed commercial products Common themes: wartime ○ “Markang Demonyo” for scenes, suffering, propaganda Ginebra San Miguel Examples: Doomed Family by University of the Philippines– Dominador Castanedain in 1908 (the local academy for 1945 and Amorsolo’s Defense art) of a Filipina Woman’s Honor Fabian dela Rosa - First Dean in 1945 Amorsolo was a faculty The painting of Amorsolo member and subsequently depicts his unspoken defiance became the Dean of the U.P. against the oppression during school of Fine Arts from that time 1938-1952 ○ The “Amorsolo School” PHILIPPINE ART AFTER was born ○ 1920’s - several young INDEPENDENCE painters started to End of WW2 - september 1945 question the Amorsolo July 4, 1946 - Philippine school style Independence Fabian dela Rosa (1869-1937) April 2, 1972 - National Artists In the Rice Field of the Philippines Award by Fernando Amorsolo (1951) NCAA Noonday meal Fernando Amorsolo - first awardee (National Artist of the 1935 - Guillermo Tolentino Philippines) was commissioned by the ○ Nicknamed the “Grand president (Raphael Palma) of Old Man of the UP to sculpt the Oblation Philippine Art” Guillermo Tolentino ○ Also dubbed “The ○ Studied in Europe Painter of the (Royal Academy of Fine Philippines Sunlight” Arts) for his illuminated ○ National Artists of the landscapes displayed Philippines for the magnificence of the Sculpture in 1973 country’s sunshine ○ Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan (1933) and Benefits: 1. The rank title of National ○ National Artist for Artist, as proclaimed by the Painting (1976) President of the Philippines; ○ Unlike Amorsolo’s bright, 2. The insignia of a National sunny, cheerful hues, Artist and a citation; Edade’s colors were 3. A lifetime emolument and dark and somber with material and physical benefits subject matter of themes comparable in value to those depicting laborers, received by the highest officers factory workers or the of the land such as; simple folk in all their 4. A cash award of 100,000 dirt, sweat and grime. pesos net of taxes, for living ○ 1930’s - University of awardees; Sto. Tomas (Dean; 5. A cash award of 75,000 pesos introduced a liberal net of taxes, for posthumous arts program) awardees, payable to legal ○ With Carlos “Botong” heir/s; Francisco and Galo 6. A monthly life pension, Ocampo (recruited two medical and hospitalization young dropouts of the benefits; U.P. School of Fine 7. Life insurance coverage for Arts), they led the Awardees who are still growth of mural insurable; painting in the country 8. State funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani; Carlos “Botong” Francisco 9. A place of honor, in line with (1913-1969) protocolar precedence, at ○ National Artist for national state functions, and Painting (1973) recognition at cultural events ○ Revived the forgotten art of mural and MODERN PHILIPPINE ART remained its most (POST WWII) distinguished The PH - one of the longest practitioner for nearly traditions of Modern Art in Asia three decades ○ Early links with America ○ Depicted Philippine ○ Pioneering history in his “History of achievements of Manila” mural at the Filipino artists who Manila City Hall broke aways from the ○ Trademark fluid lines classical conventions and brilliant colors Art historians would later refer to filled up the entire this group as the “Thirteen pictorial space of the Moderns” mural, defying the rules Styles vary such as of linear perspectives set expressionism, surrealism, by the local academy and abstract expressionism The Builders by Victorio Edades, 1928 Victorio C. Edades The Martyrdom of Rizal by (1895-1985) Carlos “Botong” V. Francisco, ○ “Father of Modern 1960 Philippine Painting”  OTHER 13 MODERNS Work of artists living in the 21st century 1. Arsenio Capili Dynamic 2. Bonifacio Cristobal ○ Combination of 3. Demetrio Diego materials, methods, 4. Cesar Legaspi concepts, and subjects 5. Diosdado Lorenzo ○ Defies traditional 6. Anita Magsaysay boundaries 7. Vicente Manansala Examples: 8. Galo Ocampo ○ The Fisherman by Ang 9. Hernando Ocampo Kiukok, 1981 10. Jose Pardo ○ The People Power 11. Ricarte Puruganan Monument by eduardo Castrillo, 1993 Hernando Ocampo (April 28, 1911- December 28, 1978) Style and subjects ○ Neorealism (a reaction to the perceived academic and sentimental statues of art in the previous generation) ○ Abstract with extremely bold colors ○ Biomorphic shapes ○ WW2, sci-fi, and Philippine landscapes Self-taught National Artist for Visual Arts (1991) Genesis by Hernando ocampo, 1968 Napoleon “Billy” Veloso Abueva (1930-2018) ○ Was a student of Tolentino ○ “Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture” ○ National Artist for Sculpture in 1976 ○ Representational style or modern abstract Example work: The Transfiguration (1979) at Eternal Garden Memorial Park - contemporary CONTEMPORARY 1970 - present