Organization And Management Study PDF

Organization and Management Study 1. Basic considerations in forming the organization 2. Form of ownership 3. Organizational chart / Management of the Project 4. Officers and Key Personnel / Labor Requirement 5. Project schedule FORMULATION OF GOALS Goals or objectives are the desired res...

Organization and Management Study 1. Basic considerations in forming the organization 2. Form of ownership 3. Organizational chart / Management of the Project 4. Officers and Key Personnel / Labor Requirement 5. Project schedule FORMULATION OF GOALS Goals or objectives are the desired results of a particular undertaking. They provide direction for all decisions and form the criterion against which actual work accomplishments can be measured. Goals can be formulated for the marketing, technical, and financial aspects of the feasibility study. In most cases, goals and objectives are written with quantifiable targets. This makes it easy to determine if the goal set has been achieved or not. An example of a marketing objective is: "To acquire at least 10% market share." For the technical aspect of a study, an objective is to increase production capacity by 20% in the next two years. Characteristics of Well-Designed Goals and Objectives Expressed in terms of results rather than actions Measurable and quantifiable Clear time frame Challenging and yet attainable Written down on paper Communicated to all members of the organization  First, the purpose of the project must be restated. Then, by consolidating the inputs from the marketing, technical and financial studies that are relevant to organization and management, the project's organizational chart may now be designed. For example, the marketing organization proposed in the marketing study will now be included in the master plan, along with the production staff described in the technical study Forms of Ownership The four forms of ownership are: 1. Single proprietorship 2. Partnership (general or limited) 3. Corporation ranging from small to large-scale enterprises 4. Cooperative organization (consumers, producers, marketing, or financing) Organizational Chart In an organization chart, all personnel - from the management to the rank-and-file-employees - are presented in a diagram which shows their relationships and the flow of authority. Officers and Key Personnel The names of specific individuals for certain key positions are set forth in this section. The necessary educational background, work experience and training, and net worth of each position must be adequately described. Project Schedule The different activities involved in the preparatory stage of the project are presented in the Gantt Chart, stating the duration of each activity and/or the PERT Network to establish the sequence to be followed for the different activities. With a computer-based Project Management software, an analyst can prepare the schedule and the associated PERT/CPM. He/she can play around with the project schedule using the "What if?" scenario, assuming unforeseen delays, untimely delivery of resources, or inability to raise funds when needed.  The analyst can also track the progress of activities taking note of slippages that need immediate attention by management. Socio-Economic Study A PROJECT, to be worthy of financing especially from government institutions, should be geared towards generating not only revenues and profits but also social and economic benefits to various stakeholders. This portion of the study will serve as an aid in determining the socio-economic contributions of a project. Figure 8 shows how a project can contribute to improve standard of living, enhance community de 4-6/13 increase foreign exchange savings and rese... in t lowering of prices, and increase the demand for local materials. The socio-economic evaluation of the study will, therefore, briefly explain the impact of the project in terms of the following: 1. Employment and income, resulting in the improvement in the standards of living of its employees and their families. 2. Taxes since the increased revenues of the local and national governments can then be used for the development of the community. Socio-Economic Study By generating employment and income, the project directly benefits its employees and their families. Indirectly, the local economy as well as the larger national economy may be benefited. More income in the hands of the people would mean greater demand for other goods. This additional demand may, in turn, stimulate the production of more goods, thereby generating further employment and income for other members of the community. The production activity of the project favorably affects the supply situation of the industry in various ways.  Where there are few sellers of a particular product or service, the project's entry reduces the supply shortage, resulting in lowered prices. In an overcrowded industry on the other hand, the project may result in improved product quality and/or decreased prices, especially if it is highly competitive in quality and pricing upon its introduction At the same time, the production activity creates additional demand for raw materials and other industrial inputs. This stimulates the production of more raw materials and supplies, thereby promoting linkages within the industry. In generating employment and income and increasing production activity, the government stands to benefit through more revenues from taxes. Environmental Impact Study WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)? Environmental Impact Analysis is a study that tries to determine the relationship between a proposed project and the affected surrounding environment. It attempts to address the possible environmental damage that may arise from the development initiatives of the business and the government sector. The objective of environmental management is to achieve the greatest benefit with the use of natural resources without sacrificing their potential to meet future needs. Projects that are favorable to the development of the country but may be destructive to the environment may be suspended. What types of projects require an EIA? Projects that require EIA include the following: 1. Environmentally Critical Project (ECP) - these are projects that may have a negative environmental impact. 2. Project to be located in an Environmentally Critical Area (ECA) these are places that are ecologically, socially, or geologically sensitive. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System EIS is a document that contains the considerations, findings and recommendations of an EIA for projects that are large and known by experience to create major stresses or pose risks to the environment and the immediate community of people.  It provides an Environmental Management Plan, which contains the measures to prevent or reduce damage and alleviate the foreseen negative effects of the project on the natural environment or on the lives of the people around it. Major Sections of the EIS l. Project Description - project information, location, rationale, alternatives and phases of implementation II. Baseline Environmental Conditions - land, air, water, and people III Impact Assessment and Mitigation - identification, prediction and evaluation of impact; an analysis of future environmental conditions with and without the project IV. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) - measures for mitigation and enhancement; environmental monitoring; information, education and communication; institutional arrangements and costs to implement the plan. Proper implementation of the EMP should guarantee that the project will operate in an "environment friendly" manner V. Proposal for an Environmental Monitoring Fund VI. Attachments or Annexes - list of EIS documents; Accountability Statements of EIS; Process documentation reports; Maps and photos of project site and impact areas. Main Components of an EIA process l. Screening and Scoping a procedure that allows the Environmental Management Board, the DENR Officer, and all stakeholders to meet and agree on what issues the project needs to closely examine once the proponent conducts the EIA. Scoping is an important procedure, which allows the proponent to listen to the stakeholders, particularly those affected by or concerned with the project, to cover relevant issues and set the parameters of the study. II. Baseline Study - the data gathering phase of the EIS. III. Socio-economic and Public Participation - A comprehensive study of the population, its income, labor, market, social services and cultural practices, which will be used to predict and assess the impact of the project. Public Participation refers to the cooperation and coordination among the stakeholders. IV. Assessing the Environmental Impact a. Identification of the project location, activities, and the alternatives available b. Actual Assessment i. Predictive Phase - assessment of the magnitude of the impact that may result from the project.  ii. Evaluative Phase - consideration of the relative importance of the resources that may be affected by the project. Environmental Compliance Certificate An ECC is issued by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) or the Director of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) after a thorough and open review of the project studies and plans. The ECC is given to the project proponent who submits to an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). The IEE contains the project description, its impact, and measures to prevent negative impact on the environment and the communities that will be affected by the project. IEE is the basic step for projects located in environmentally critical areas. The IEE Checklist report is to be accomplished before undertaking a project. It consists of a series of questions that deals with issues and concerns about the project and its environment. IEE Checklist is available for the projects under the following categories: