Respiratory Lecture Notes PDF

Larynx& Trachea  Laryngeal Hemiplegia Endoscopic images of normal and roraer horse  Left cricoarytenoid muscle (supplied by the left laryngeal nerve) responsible for pulling away the arytenoid cartilage during inspiration.  Damaged...

Larynx& Trachea  Laryngeal Hemiplegia Endoscopic images of normal and roraer horse  Left cricoarytenoid muscle (supplied by the left laryngeal nerve) responsible for pulling away the arytenoid cartilage during inspiration.  Damaged of left laryngeal nerve atrophy of left cricoarytenoid muscle dropping the cartilage and narrowing larynx Make noise with the inspiration (roaring).  The horse is called "roarer".  Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)  Infectious disease of calves affecting the pharynx, larynx, and oral cavity  Fusobacterium necrophorum ( normal flora)  calves stressed with dust or virus damage of laryngeal mucosa Fibrinonecrotic Membrane = Diphtheritic Membrane = Fibrinous Membrane Tracheitis IN CATTLE  IBR  BRSV (bovine respiratory syncytial virus)  PI-3 ( parainfluenza virus 3) Parasitic Bronchitis The most common forms are: Dictyocaulus viviparus (Bovines) Dictyocaulus filariae (Ovine) inflammation of the bronchioles = bronchiolitis  BRONCHIECTASIS Dilation of the bronchial lumen  EQUINE HEAVES Equine COPD (Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease) (Equine Asthma)  Definition: an allergic disease of horse. Cause: Inhalation of dust and allergens Pathogenesis: mild bronchiolar inflammation and severe goblet cell metaplasia mucus production airway obstruction.  Grossly: 1- difficult expiration compensatory hypertrophy of the abdominal muscles. (heave line ) 2- pulmonary emphysema  Microscopically: 1- Severe Bronchiolar Goblet Cell Metaplasia. 2- Mucus Plugs In The Lumens 3- Presence Some Inflammatory Cells.