Refresher SOCSCI 1100 (1) PDF

A Short Runback of Philippine History - There is also a plaza which is the venue for barter and trade and that officials have to be Maritime Culture and Society presented with as gifts. - Theory of Migration...

A Short Runback of Philippine History - There is also a plaza which is the venue for barter and trade and that officials have to be Maritime Culture and Society presented with as gifts. - Theory of Migration to the Philippine archipelago. - In 1380, Makhdum Karim first reached Jolo - We are from Austronesians with two primary that brought Islam to the archipelago. theories: - First Mosque erected was in Simunul, Tawi- Out of Taiwan – Peter Bellwood and tawi. Out of Sundaland – Wilhelm Solheim - The Bruneian Empire also reached the - One unifying theme is us being near water. archipelago under Sultan Bolkiah. - The Austronesians were known boat- - Tondo was under the protectorate when builders Spaniards arrived and faced its leader - Water is a natural waterway for exchange of Lakandula in late 16th century. products, beliefs, and even power and influence. The Cross and the Sword - Europeans first recorded encounter with the - Water is tied on our cultural identity. Islands are in March 1521. Manunggul Jar – belief in afterlife as a travel - Magellan led the expedition that accidentally by using boat. arrived in the Philippines. Bakunawa – the mythological god from water - The expedition first landed in Homonhon where the humanity of the Filipinos were 1. Classless societies shown. 2. Warrior societies - Days later they conducted the First Mass 3. Petty plutocracies in Limasawa. 4. Principalities - Christianity was brought to the archipelago - Natives have writing system. and through the Magellan expedition the Baybayin – likely originated from Bugis West became aware of what is Philippines people of Sulawesi today. Laguna Copperplate – First written -Villalobos in 1543 named the archipelago document recorded. (900AD) Las Islas Felipinas. First Encounters - Adelantado Miguel Lopez the Legazpi - Barter system was being utilized were conquered the archipelago in 1565 and took natives exchange with other already use gold control of Manila by 1571. as medium of exchange. - The final native resistance happened in - The first encounters were with Chinese with Bangkusay, Tarik Sulayman a Kapampangan estimates during the time of Tang Dynasty – chieftain led the final defense. grew during Song Dynasty. - The conversion of people became a priority - The recorded contact was made during the to fulfill their ‘duties’ as Christians. 971 with the Kingdom of Ma’i which were - First book published in the archipelago was mentioned in the Song Dynasty and Bruneian the Doctrina Christiana. Empire records. - Regulate and tax this "luxurious" trade. Filipinos collectively experienced.. Reduccion – forced relocation of people to - The Ma’i was described as with large villages near pueblo. and is located North of Borneo. Polo Y Servicio – forced labor of 16-60 - Accounts also suggests its flat mountain capable indio men in service to the govt for 40 ranges and the climate which is hot. days a year. - Products utilize for barter are porcelain, trade Bandala - quota and selling of products to gold, iron pots, lead, colored glass beads. the govt at minimum price. Encomienda – natives are subjugated to a Spaniard to whom they pay tributes. (19-60y/o)  Monopoly – only one designated product of - The revolution started on a Revolution begin the govt will be produced. abruptly in August 1896 due to its discovery State Religion – no freedom to choose on because of a confession. what to believe. - Bonifacio as its president led the creation of the Revolutionary Govt “Haringbayan The primary in position of power in the Katagulan” archipelago – the friars. - governing of the pueblo - Contrary to some popular claims, Katipunan - supervise gobernadorcillo won some of its battles, including in Nueva - financial matters, records of the people. Ecija. - There were also revolutions in Jolo and in Highest class – the people that belong in Panay signifying a national-level revolution this class include the Spaniards - peninsulares happening. and the friars. Middle Class – the people that belongs into - Struggle for leadership occurred during the this class includes the natives, mestizos, and revolution that led to controversies and the criollos. changes. – Biak na Bato and Tejeros. Lowest class – this class includes the - Filipinos gain independence on June 12, natives only. 1898 now under Emilio Aguinaldo as its president. - Resistance happened throughout the course of the 300 year reign of the Spaniards. - Philippines became the First Republic in Asia Igorot Resistance in Cordillera on January 1899. Tamblot in Bohol - Leadership became clearer, Aguinaldo as Silang Couple in Ilocos President backed by Filipino elites. Dagohoy in Bohol Basi Revolt in Ilocos - Mabini rise in the ranks as he became the Hermano Pule in Tayabas primary adviser to Aguinaldo. - Luna became the chief of the revolutionary Fighting for Independence army against Americans Liberal ideals entered the Philippines during - Del Pilar became the President’s right hand the 19th century which led to the movements of man. Secularization Rights of man - A new colonizers from the Americas this Representation time, brutally take over the archipelago which became a war. - Ilustrados ignited the Filipinos quest for - After 3 years as a young republic, Philippines more equal rights and opportunities through became a US Territory. their literary, art, and action for political reforms. Under the Stars and Stripes - La Solidaridad, Spoliarium, Noli Me Tangere ‘Benevolent Assimilation’ – the declaration and El Filibusterismo of Americans utilizing the white man’s burden Pacification – programs/activities made by - Rizal envisioned a nation. Create a new for the Americans to justify their colonization. the Filipinos Anti-Filipinism – shutting down any symbols - He led the creation of a the group La Liga of Philippine independence Filipina where different personalities from Abuses – massacre of people in Samar and different sectors are present on July 3, 1892 Jolo Elitism – the start of the type of democracy -Revolutionaries were influenced by the now present begin on the leaders elected early activities of the propagandist. They prepared 20th century. for years as they believe it is via the use arms we will achieve our ultimate goal - - Education system became more stable. Independence Thomasites arrived, Funds were allocated to building public schools, Higher learning institutions were also established. Infrastructure for agriculture and transportation was also developed. - Land reforms were done particularly the distribution of purchased private land to -Pro-independence missions happened and landless tenants. laws such as Philippine Organic Act (1902), - Organizations in the region was formed to Jones Law (1917) and Tydings-McDuffie Law realized the ideas of bringing together the (1934) enabled the Filipinos to govern Malay race. themselves in some capacity. - Infrastructure developments and the strengthening of military capabilities was - The Commonwealth transition govt with realized at the end of 1960s Manuel Quezon as president , governed the archipelago for the next decade. Unstable Nation - A new constitution was created, Filipino - Guns, Goons, and Gold became a theme of based on Tagalog, became the Natl Language PH Politics especially in 1969. - Civil unrest due to the impending cha-cha, Japanese Interlude election cheating, economic instability that -The empire of Japan invaded the islands on came from both the moderates and the December 1941 and quickly took over areas in radicals. Luzon, inc. Manila. -The political and social unrest ‘led’ to the - The resistance ended with a brutal Death declaration of Martial Law. March of about 75,000 Filipino and American PoW walked 105 kms from Bataan to San -For 9 years, Philippines is under Martial Fernando. Law, with several political prisoners incarcerated and Bagong Lipunan was - During their time, abuses were mostly done implemented to realize a ‘reform society’ for to Americans and Filipino guerillas who are the Filipinos. fighting them. But the most destructive conduct -While infrastructure developments were huge made by Japanese are those to women who and noticeable, the debt of the country also were victimized and abused. ballooned. - The allied forces returned in 1944. Along with - Gunning down Ninoy Aquino, the leading the Filipino guerillas, they liberated the country opposition figure of Martial Law, was the but many of the structures were destroyed that beginning of the end for the Marcos regime. made Manila known as the second most - A snap election of 1986 was conducted with destroyed city during WWII after Warsaw, Marcos defeating Ninoy’s widow, Cory Poland. It official ended Sept 1945 in Kiangan, according to COMELEC. Ifugao. - The Filipino people rallied to EDSA to help overthrow the 20 year reign of Marcos. Dependent ‘Independent’ - The Philippines re-gain its independence Towards the New Republic on July 4, 1946. - Under a new constitution, a democratic - Bell Trade Act was made giving US parity republic led by Cory was inaugurated. rights on natural resources. - A new local govt code enable the local - Philippines start to engage globally, entered governments to have more autonomy Korean War as part of UN call to help South - The US military base was closed by a Korea. historic senate vote. - Natural disasters, electronic crisis, and - The First election conducted in the basis of internal conflicts was evident in the late 1980s the presently known ‘style’ is in 1953 between Quirino and Magsaysay. - Towards the new century, the Philippines - Nationalism became a significant issue focus on reestablishing economic stability. during the 1950s with US still looming - Election of Joseph Estrada, who’s groomed around and traditionalism still on the rise. with controversies, led to another period of - Under Garcia, the policy of promoting local instability which led to his removal to office in products, businesses, and commerce thru favor of GMA. the Austerity Program was implemented. - Controversies also followed Arroyo including a supposed fraudulent election of 2004 and several corruption scandals - Economic growth was experienced in the early 2010s with noticeable development. - Heated tension over the islands in West Philippine Sea resulted to country pushing the case against China in the arbitral tribunal. - Crises such as Zamboanga Siege, Hostage Crisis, Typhoon Yolanda, and Mamasapano Massacre called for a ‘paradigm shifter’. - Domestic issues on Extra-judicial killings and War on Drugs became known in an international arena. - COVID 19 pandemic shut down the economy and the society for months and people went to lockdown. - In 2022, a second generation Marcos was elected in the highest post of the land.