Midterm 2 Questions PDF

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia. ​ retrograde ​ flashbulb ​ anterograd...

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia. ​ retrograde ​ flashbulb ​ anterograde ​ graduated Question 2 1 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? There are three types of encoding: semantic, visual, and sensory. ​ change the word “semantic” to the word “memory” ​ change the word “encoding” to the word “decoding” ​ change the word “visual” to the word “acoustic” ​ change the word “sensory” to the word “acoustic” Question 3 1 / 1 pts Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to navigate my spatial environment and find my way around town? ​ hippocampus ​ cerebellum ​ amygdala ​ Wernicke's area Question 4 1 / 1 pts In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________. ​ neutral response and a conditioned response ​ neutral stimulus and a neutral response ​ conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response ​ neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus Question 5 1 / 1 pts Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.  ​ representational bias ​ confirmation bias ​ availability heuristic ​ stereotype bias Question 6 1 / 1 pts If a behavior is reinforced, the probability of that behavior occurring again ________. ​ increases ​ depends on the species ​ decreases ​ is not affected Question 7 1 / 1 pts How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear? ​ It receives incoming sound information and converts it to a gustatory signal. ​ It receives incoming sound information and sends it to the frontal lobe for further processing. ​ It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the cochlea and auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain. ​ It receives incoming sound information and transmits it to the occipital lobe. Question 8 1 / 1 pts What kind of memory involves temporary storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? ​ effortful ​ procedural ​ recall ​ sensory Question 9 1 / 1 pts Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________. ​ just noticeable difference ​ top-down processing ​ subliminal messaging ​ transduction Question 10 1 / 1 pts Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which type of reinforcement is this? ​ continuous ​ intermittent ​ ascending ​ reversed Question 11 1 / 1 pts Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The pain she’s feeling is due to a response from her: ​ Merkel disks ​ free nerve endings ​ Ruffini corpuscles ​ Pacinian corpuscles Question 12 1 / 1 pts Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this? ​ continuous  ​ secondary ​ partial ​ primary Question 13 1 / 1 pts When an organism is reinforced each time it displays a behavior, it is experiencing ________ reinforcement. ​ partial ​ primary ​ secondary ​ continuous Question 14 1 / 1 pts Remembering ________ is a good example of procedural memory. ​ your best friend’s name ​ what the word inconceivable means ​ how a cookie tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself ​ how to use the phone Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning? ​ pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red ​ rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily ​ blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a room ​ determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch other people fishing Question 16 1 / 1 pts ________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. ​ cognition ​ targeting ​ personality ​ schema Question 17 1 / 1 pts What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance? ​ sensory memory ​ self-reference effect ​ Atkinson-Shiffrin model ​ Stroop effect Question 18 1 / 1 pts ________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities (you’re born liking them). ​ classical ​ primary ​ secondary ​ operant Question 19 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?  ​ being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats ​ being conditioned to laugh at all kinds of hats ​ being conditioned not to laugh at hats ​ being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat and cry when you see other kinds of hats Question 20 1 / 1 pts The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding. ​ semantic ​ visual ​ acoustic ​ effortful Question 21 1 / 1 pts What concept is illustrated by the following study? Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it. ​ sensory adaptation ​ top-down processing ​ inattentional blindness ​ bottom-up processing Question 22 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? ​ when a cat and a dog share the same water bowl ​ when a dog refuses to play dead ​ when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior ​ when a cat learns to drool at the sound of a can opener Question 23 1 / 1 pts What is semantic memory? ​ type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things ​ information about events we have personally experienced ​ storage of facts and events we personally experienced ​ knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts Question 24 1 / 1 pts Schemata are a(an) ________. ​ source of emotional content for the brain ​ means of sublimating frustration ​ method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently ​ example of the brain’s ability to form prototypes Question 25 1 / 1 pts Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit’s friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn’t know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived. ​ habit ​ mood ​ selective attention ​ friendship Question 26 1 / 1 pts Which term refers to the meaning we derive from words?  ​ semantics ​ interpretation ​ syntax ​ language Question 27 1 / 1 pts What is procedural memory? ​ type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things ​ storage of facts and events we personally experienced ​ knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts ​ information about events we have personally experienced Question 28 1 / 1 pts The ________are a group of bones that are responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from your eardrum to your cochlea. ​ malleus ​ corpus callosa ​ ossicles ​ auditory cells Question 29 1 / 1 pts Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain? ​ photoreceptor ​ optic ​ linear ​ cornea Question 30 1 / 1 pts Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment? ​ lens ​ cones ​ rods ​ fovea Question 31 1 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? “Fluid intelligence refers to knowledge acquired through experience (like book smarts).” ​ The word “retrieve” should be changed to the word “practice.” ​ The word “intelligence” should be changed to the word “intellect.” ​ The word “acquired” should be changed to the word “practiced.” ​ The word “Fluid” should be changed to the word “Crystallized.” Question 32 1 / 1 pts When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information. ​ flashbulb; retro-antero ​ anterograde; retrograde ​ retrograde; anterograde ​ antero-retro; flashbulb Question 33 1 / 1 pts Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________.  ​ unconditioned response ​ conditioned response ​ conditioned stimulus ​ unconditioned stimulus Question 34 1 / 1 pts What are the two components of declarative memory? ​ semantic and episodic ​ short-term and long-term ​ procedural and implicit ​ implicit and explicit Question 35 1 / 1 pts What is episodic memory? ​ storage of facts and events we have personally experienced ​ knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts ​ type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things ​ information about events we have personally experienced Question 36 1 / 1 pts Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater? ​ iris ​ fovea ​ rods ​ cones Question 37 1 / 1 pts Remembering ________ is a good example of semantic memory. ​ how a fruit tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself ​ your most recent visit to the dentist ​ what the word chocolate means ​ how to play the piano Question 38 1 / 1 pts Engram refers to the ________. ​ emotional focus of a memory ​ physical structure that encodes a memory ​ mental trauma that creates a memory ​ sensory component of a memory Question 39 1 / 1 pts A(an) ________ schema is a script of events that we follow in familiar situations. For example, the steps involved in eating at a restaurant. ​ role ​ event ​ mental ​ artificial Question 40 1 / 1 pts Which of the following exemplifies olfactory processing? ​ tasting white chocolate fudge ​ smelling cookies in the oven  ​ hearing an airplane fly overhead ​ feeling the warmth of the sun Question 41 1 / 1 pts ________ is exemplified by stroking the hand of another person. ​ olfaction ​ somatosensation ​ audition ​ gustation Question 42 1 / 1 pts When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system. ​ the Stroop effect ​ recognition ​ storage ​ encoding Question 43 1 / 1 pts ________ encoding is the encoding of sounds. ​ acoustic ​ semantic ​ effortful ​ visual Question 44 1 / 1 pts ________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds. ​ higher; louder ​ higher; weaker ​ lower; louder ​ higher; quieter Question 45 1 / 1 pts A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working. ​ trial and error  ​ mental set ​ anchoring bias ​ functional fixedness Question 46 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding? ​ dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip ​ remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES ​ being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can’t remember the lyrics ​ thinking about a bike you plan to buy and having the image of the bike appear in your mind Question 47 1 / 1 pts Babies typically speak their first word at _____ months old. ​ 12 ​ 14 ​ 8 ​ 16 Question 48 1 / 1 pts After Niaz’s car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________. ​ availability heuristic ​ representational bias ​ anchoring bias ​ hindsight bias Question 49 1 / 1 pts A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept. ​ amalgamation ​ prototype ​ archetype ​ unification Question 50 1 / 1 pts What is the main idea of social learning theory? ​ Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments. ​ Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. ​ One can learn new behaviors by observing others. ​ Fear is a conditioned response.