Psychology Quiz on Memory and Conditioning

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Questions and Answers

What type of response is Khaleel's squirming and giggling when Grace whistles?

Unconditioned stimulus

Conditioned response (correct)

Conditioned stimulus

Unconditioned response

Which of the following photoreceptors is most useful for low-light conditions?

Cones

Fovea

Iris

Rods (correct)

Which example best illustrates semantic memory?

How to play the piano

Your most recent visit to the dentist

What the word chocolate means (correct)

How a fruit tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself

What does the term 'engram' refer to in memory studies?

Physical structure that encodes a memory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of olfactory processing?

Smelling cookies in the oven Signup and view all the answers

What does recognition involve when taking a multiple-choice test?

Recognition Signup and view all the answers

Which type of encoding specifically relates to the processing of sounds?

Acoustic encoding Signup and view all the answers

What type of schema represents a series of events followed in familiar situations, such as eating at a restaurant?

Event Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amnesia does Elaine likely have after waking up with a head injury and having no memories from before?

retrograde Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes the process of encoding information related to meaning?

semantic encoding Signup and view all the answers

If a person has difficulty navigating their spatial environment, which brain structure is most likely affected?

hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, what elements are learned to create an association?

neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Ilayda's belief about professors spending their time engaging in intellectual activities illustrates which cognitive bias?

stereotype bias Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely impact on behavior if that behavior is reinforced?

increases Signup and view all the answers

How does a cochlear implant facilitate hearing for individuals who are deaf?

It directly stimulates the cochlea and auditory nerve. Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is responsible for the temporary storage of fleeting sensory information?

sensory memory Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the process of converting sound waves into neural messages in the brain?

Transduction Signup and view all the answers

What type of reinforcement does Harold experience by catching fish at unpredictable intervals?

Intermittent Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve endings are primarily responsible for the sensation of pain when Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer?

Free nerve endings Signup and view all the answers

What type of reinforcement schedule is Jemma using when she praises her son every time he says thank you?

Continuous Signup and view all the answers

When an organism is reinforced after every display of a behavior, it is called ________ reinforcement.

Continuous Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic example of procedural memory?

How to use the phone Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is an example of operant conditioning?

Rewarding a child for finishing oatmeal and counting rewards Signup and view all the answers

What does the term cognition encompass?

Processes related to perception and judgment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Question 1

Elaine experiences amnesia after a head injury, with no memory of events before hospitalization.
Her amnesia is retrograde.

Question 2

The sentence "There are three types of encoding: semantic, visual, and sensory" is incorrect.
Change "semantic" to "memory"
Change "encoding" to "decoding"
Change "visual" to "acoustic"
Change "sensory" to "acoustic".

Question 3

The correct answer is not provided.

Question 4

In classical conditioning, the association learned is between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 5

Ilayda's preconceived notions about professors are an example of confirmation bias, a cognitive shortcut based on stereotypes.

Question 6

If a behavior is reinforced, the probability of it occurring again increases.

Question 7

A cochlear implant directly stimulates the cochlea and auditory nerve, transmitting sound information to the brain.

Question 8

Sensory memory temporarily stores sensory information like sights, sounds, and tastes.

Question 9

Transduction is the conversion of energy from one form to another.
In this case, sound waves are converted into neural messages.

Question 10

The question is not answered.

Question 11

Felicia's feeling of pain is due to free nerve endings.

Question 12

Jemma's reinforcement of her son's "thank you" is continuous reinforcement.

Question 13

Continuous reinforcement occurs when a behavior is reinforced every time it is displayed.

Question 14

Remembering how to use a phone is an example of procedural memory.

Question 15

Pairing a puff of air to the eye with a color to measure the number of repetitions of color recognition is an example of operant conditioning.

Question 16

Cognition encompasses processes like perception, knowledge, problem-solving and memory.

Question 17

The question is not answered.

Question 18

Primary reinforcers, like food, have innate reinforcing properties.

Question 19

The question is not answered.

Question 20

Semantic encoding is the encoding of words and their meanings.

Question 21

Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice a stimulus that is in plain sight when focus is elsewhere.

Question 22

Operant conditioning is exemplified when a dog learns to repeat a behavior, like playing dead, to receive a treat.

Question 23

Semantic memory stores general knowledge, facts, and language-based knowledge about things.

Question 24

The question is not answered.

Question 25

Schemas are mental frameworks for organizing information.
Schemas allow efficient processing of information in familiar situations.

Question 26

Semantics refer to the meaning of words.

Question 27

Procedural memory involves knowing how to perform tasks.

Question 28

The ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the cochlea.

Question 29

The optic nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain.

Question 30

Cones are photoreceptors specialized for perceiving colors.

Question 31

The question is not answered.

Question 32

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory for events before a particular trauma.
Anterograde amnesia is the loss of memory for events after a particular trauma.

Question 33

Conditioning, in this example, is the learned association between an action (whistling) and a response (squirming).

Question 34

Declarative memory is made up of semantic and episodic memory components.

Question 35

Episodic memory stores personal experiences and events.

Question 36

Rods are photoreceptors used in low-light conditions.

Question 37

Remembering words, concepts, and facts demonstrates semantic memory, such as a fruit's taste, medical visit, etc.

Question 38

The question is not answered.

Question 39

Schemas are mental frameworks for familiar situations.

Question 40

The act of smelling cookies exemplifies olfactory processing which is the sense of smell.

Question 41

Somatosensation is the sense of touch.

Question 42

Recognition, from a memory perspective, is part of retrieval of data from long-term memory.

Question 43

The question is not answered.

Question 44

Sound amplitude corresponds to the volume or loudness of a sound.

Question 45

Trial-and-error is a problem-solving strategy that involves repeatedly trying different solutions until a successful one is found.

Question 46

Acoustic encoding is the process of remembering how something sounds.

Question 47

Babies typically speak their first word around 12 months old.

Question 48

Hindsight bias describes the tendency to perceive events as predictable after the fact.

Question 49

Prototypes are the best examples or representations of concepts.

Question 50

Social learning theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of other people's behaviors.

General Information

Behavior is influenced by consequences like rewards and punishments. Learning takes place when a conditioned stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus
New behaviors can be learned by observing others.
Fear responses can be learned through conditioning.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in psychology related to memory, conditioning, and cognitive biases. Questions include examples of retrograde amnesia, types of encoding, and the principles of classical conditioning. Test your understanding of how memory functions and the influences of biases on perception.