Quarter 3 Prevention of Substance Use and Abuse PDF

Quarter 3 OVERVIEW In this quarter on Prevention of Substance Use and Abuse, you will be informed about the present drug scenario in the Philippines, the different classifications of drugs abuse and their harmful short-term and long-term effects on the body. You will also learn about the effe...

Quarter 3 OVERVIEW In this quarter on Prevention of Substance Use and Abuse, you will be informed about the present drug scenario in the Philippines, the different classifications of drugs abuse and their harmful short-term and long-term effects on the body. You will also learn about the effects of drug addiction to self, family, community and the country as a whole. Furthermore, this material provides you with a solid knowledge from which you may gain more information about prevention, intervention, and healthy alternatives to avoid substance use and abuse. KEY QUESTIONS  What is the drug scenario in the Philippines?  What are the risk and protective factors in the use, misuse and abuse of drugs?  What are the short term and long term effects of substance use and abuse?  What are the various and healthy ways to get rid of drugs? LEARNING OBJECTIVES  Describe the drug scenario in the Philippines  Explain the concept of substance use, misuse, abuse, and drug dependence  Discuss risks and protective factors in substance use and abuse  Identify the types of drugs/substances of abuse  Recognize warning signs of substance use and abuse  Discuss the harmful short and long-term effects of substance use and abuse on the body  Explain the health, socio-cultural, psychological, legal, and economic dimensions of substance use and abuse To assess your prior knowledge, process and skills on the current drug scenario in the Philippines. Supply the missing words. Commonly abused drugs in the Philippines are (1) ____, (2) ____, and (3) ____. Filipino (4) ____ are most vulnerable in experimenting and abusing drugs. (5) ____ are any substances or chemicals which when taken into the body have psychological, emotional and behavioral effects on a person. Cigarettes and alcohol are classified under (6) ____ because smokers and drinkers have a tendency to use drugs of abuse. Write TRUE is the statement is true and FALSE if it is false. PAGE 46  ____7. Stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, narcotics and inhalants are drugs of abuse. ____8. Teenagers who engage in drug use and abuse are prone to drop-out and fail in their academic performance. ____9. Taking small amounts of drugs of abuse will not make a person an addict in the long run. ____10. There are healthy and enjoyable things to do than taking drugs. LECTURE NOTES In this module, you will learn the present drug scenario in the Philippines, the different classifications of drugs abuse and their harmful short-term and long-term effects on the body. Common and informative terms encountered in drug education are included. Signs and symptoms of drug use and abuse among teenagers will also be tackled. LESSON 1 In the year 2004, an estimate of 6.7 million drug users in the Philippines was recorded by the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB). The “2008 National Household Survey on the Nature and Extent of Drug Abuse in the Philippines” conducted by the same agency revealed that there is a downward trend in the number of drug users down to 1.7 million users. The decline may be associated with the government’s intense efforts in combating drugs. The following are the reasons for the successful decline of drug abuse in the country: Operations conducted by different law enforcing agencies like the Philippine National Police (PNP), National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA), Bureau of Customs and other law enforcers have helped arrest local and international drug syndicate members, traffickers, and destroy secret laboratories and warehouses. Strict implementation of policies under the “Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002” like the compulsory drug test for application of driver’s license, entrance to military service, application for firearms licensing, and others. Actualization of the Dangerous Drugs Board’s programs and projects in partnership with other agencies like the Department of Education (DepEd), Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and other local government units (LGU) and non-government organizations (NGO). These are positive efforts bearing fruits and achievements; however the government does not rest on its laurels but rather creates more productive programs and projects to make the country a drug-resistant society. Profile of Filipino Drug Users Profile Findings Ratio of Users (male to female): 10:1 Mean Age: 28 years old Civil Status: Single (58.2%) Employment Status: Unemployed PAGE 47  Profile of Filipino Drug Users Profile Findings Educational Attainment: High School level Average Monthly Household Income: Php 16,290.80 Duration of Drug Use: 6 years and more Residence: Urban areas Nature of Drug Use: Poly-drug use (multiple drug use) Common Drugs of Abuse Used: Shabu (1st) Marijuana (2nd) Inhalants (3rd) The following are the usual words you will encounter in studying substance use and abuse:  Drugs are any substances or chemicals which when taken into the body either though nasal, oral, transdermal or intravenous way have psychological, emotional and behavioral effects on a person.  Drugs of abuse are drugs commonly abused by users. In the Philippines the three drugs of abuse are shabu, marijuana and inhalants.  Drug dependence is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity in which the use of a drug takes on a high priority thereby creating a strong desire to take the substance.  Drug misuse is the use of a substance incoherent or inconsistent with the prescribed dosage or frequency of use.  Drug Abuse is the use of a substance for non-medicinal purposes. Abuse leads to organ damage like brain damage and liver damage, addiction and troubled behavioral patterns.  Drug tolerance is the condition of the body to adapt to the effects of substances to the body thus requiring an even larger amount of the substance to experience the same physiological and mental effect experienced when taking the smaller dosage. A. Prescription and Non-prescription drugs 1. Non-prescription or Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are drugs which do not need prescription from a doctor in order to buy. You can buy them from drugstores. 2. Prescription drugs are restricted drugs that can only be purchased legally when prescribed by physicians. Drugstores won’t sell the drug to you without prescription B. Legal and Illegal 1. Legal drugs are substances that are not prohibited by a law in a country. Medicines are legal drugs. These drugs can be prescribed by doctors to patients and be bought from drugstores. People are allowed to buy and take them are ill. If the medicine was prescribed by a doctor, the patient must take the medicine as prescribed. 2. Illegal drugs are those substances that are prohibited by law in a country. The laws may prohibit the selling, buying, using, possessing, or manufacturing of the drugs. Any of these acts carry penalties. These are drugs that are considered legal in other countries but are illegal in the Philippines like the marijuana. If in a country, the use or even possession of a certain drug carry penalties, then that drug is considered illegal. If you are found in possession or using illegal drugs, you have to face legal actions and the possibility of going to prison. PAGE 48 C. Pharmacological Classification 1. Stimulants 3. Hallucinogens 5. Inhalants 2. Depressants 4. Narcotics These drugs, however classified, are dangerous when not properly used. Most of these substances are psychoactive drugs affecting the central nervous system. They change moods, feelings, personality, and behavior. With the high potential of abuse, the law has strict regulations of controlled substances from possession, manufacturing, sale, and distribution. Abuse of controlled drugs like stimulants, depressants, narcotics, and hallucinogens, especially without prescription, is considered illegal drug use. LESSON 2 The use, misuse and abuse of drugs are the result of various factors surrounding a person. These factors either increase or decrease the possibility of a person to use drugs. Risk factors are those influences which increase the chances of using, misusing and abusing drugs. Protective factors, on the other hand, are those influences which decrease the chances of using, misusing and abusing drugs. According to studies, protective factors counterbalance negative effects of risk factors. It is important to understand that it does not necessarily mean that several risk factors present make a person highly susceptible to drug use, misuse and abuse. Protective factors even if few in number may be enough to work against the risk factors, more so if there are several of these protective influences. These factors are composed of influences in different domains of life. Personal Family Peer and Friends School Community PAGE 49  Below are the risk and protective factors in the use, misuse and abuse of drugs: (Early Aggressive Behavior vs. Self-control)  Use of drugs at an early age  Self-control behavior  Risk taking behavior  Good reasoning skills Risk  Experimentation Protective  Excellent social skills Factors  Poor social skills and interaction Factors  Positive interaction with  Childhood problems people  Feelings of isolation  Sense of belonging (Weak Parental Guidance vs. Strong Parental Guidance)  Good communication with  History and patterns of drug use people  Attitudes toward drug use  Positive family relationship Risk  Poor parenting and child  Clear and consistent family rearing Protective rules Factors  Inconsistent family rules  Strong family values  Poor family values Factors  Positive expectation to child’s success in family, school and  Poor family ties community  Reliance on family for emotional support (Substance Abuse vs. Academic Excellence)  Association with peers and  Association with peers and friends who do not use friends known to use gateway drugs Risk  gateway drugs (cigarettes and Protective  Formation of friendships Factors alcohol)  Reliance on friends for Factors  Preference to stay with peers emotional support and friends than with family  Inviting friends at home to know the family (Availability of Drugs vs. Strong Anti-Drug Policies)  Good to excellent  Poor academic performance academic performance  Lack of commitment to studies Protective  Joins extra-curricular Risk  Poor attendance in school activities and school Factors  Involvement in fights and Factors  organizations conflicts  Shows interest in attending classes (Poverty vs. Strong Community Relationship)  Easy access to gateway drugs  Strong community relationships  Poor community organization  Active and positive community programs, projects and Risk and neighborhood relationship Protective activities for the youth  Poor implementation of  Positive attitude which combat Factors community laws Factors drug use  Negative attitudes which favor  Strong community advocacy drug use against drugs PAGE 50  LESSON 3 The Dangerous Drugs Board listed three major drugs of abuse in the Philippines. These are methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”, cannabis sativa or “marijuana” and inhalants better known as “solvents”. These drugs of abuse are included in the six classifications of drugs. Gateway drugs such as cigarettes and alcohol are legal drugs that a non-drug user might try, which can lead him/her to more dangerous drugs such as marijuana and shabu. Teenagers who engage in early smoking and early drinking have a higher chance of using and experimenting with dangerous drugs of abuse. Depressant drugs slow down a person’s central nervous system (CNS). The Central nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Doctors commonly prescribe depressant drugs to help certain persons to be less angry, less stressed or tensed. Depressant drugs relax muscles and nerves. These drugs also make patients feel sleepy and light-headed. Depressant drugs include alcohol, barbiturates and tranquilizers. Stimulant drugs speed up a person's central nervous system. Stimulant drugs have the opposite effect of depressants. Stimulants make a person’s energy high. Negative effects of stimulants include depression and tiredness. Stimulants include amphetamines which include shabu, caffeine, nicotine and cocaine. Narcotics are drugs which relieve pain and induce sleepiness. In medicine, these drugs are administered in moderation to patients with mental disorders and those in severe pain like cancer. Narcotic drugs include cocaine, heroin and marijuana. These drugs are illicit and dangerous if taken. PAGE 51 Hallucinogens are drugs which distorts reality and facts. It affects all senses and makes a user see, hear and feel things that don’t exist in the time being. The name hallucinogen came from the word hallucination which is to perceive illusions. Hallucinogens include lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin obtained from mushrooms and mescaline. Inhalants are found in ordinary household chemical products and anesthetics. It is readily available and accessible to young children. Inhalant intoxication is similar to the signs and symptoms of alcohol intoxication. One difference is the foul smell of chemicals sniffed, inhaled or huffed by the user. Continuous use and abuse leads to delusions, brain damage, liver damage, coma and death. Examples of household products used as inhalants are acetone, rugby or solvent, ordinary and spray paint, cleaning fluids and air conditioner fluid (Freon). LESSON 4 People give several reasons for taking drugs. Some believe that these drugs can make them feel and look good. Certain drugs of abuse produce pleasure or euphoria. Euphoria is the high sensation of feeling good and extremely relaxed. Euphoria is a sensation brought about by the chemical reactions of the neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, drugs affect your brain process. Continuous and prolonged drug use has a very bad effect in a person. It can alter his behavior, and his mental, physical, and psychological condition. Most importantly, drug dependence results in drug abuse, drug tolerance, problems with society and law, withdrawal symptoms, severe health problems, poor of quality of life and eventually death. You must understand that it is not easy to know and feel the effects of drugs on the body. Effects are not always the same with drug users. A small amount of a substance may create a feeling of pleasure to a person but the same amount may cause restlessness, stress or even immediate death to another person. It is important to remember that each individual’s brain capacity and function and total body chemistry are different from other persons, thus we have different reactions to drugs and substances. Myths and Misconceptions Facts about Drugs of Abuse Drugs of abuse shut down proper brain functioning. Certain drugs stimulate the brain but do not really help improve memory. Most drug users claim they think better and clearly after taking drugs but Drugs of abuse improve memory. tests on performance and cognition have proven that they have performed worst. Drugs of abuse do not improve memory. Certain drugs of abuse stimulate the production of stomach acids. Constant exposure to higher than normal acid level damages Drugs of abuse help in the digestion stomach linings which can result to ulcers. of food. Drugs of abuse do not help in the digestion of food. PAGE 52  Certain drugs of abuse remove shyness and inhibition. In psychology, normal inhibition prohibits a person to do unacceptable things, thoughts and desires. Normal inhibition includes not taking other people’s things, not crossing a busy street and knowing what is right from wrong. The temporary courage Drugs of abuse make a person bold brought about by taking drugs is a dangerous one as it makes a and brave. drug user lose normal judgment which is part of the person’s normal inhibition. Drugs of abuse place a user in a dangerous and life-threatening situation. Drugs of abuse are not the solution to problems and worries people encounter. Some people believe that using drugs eliminate one’s problems and worries in life. The truth is drugs of abuse will only Drugs of abuse remove life’s worsen the scenario and further add more problems some of which problems and worries. are even harder to solve. Drugs of abuse worsen life’s problems and worries. Drug users believe that certain drugs cause the blood to become warmer which makes the body temperature rise. In cold countries, drugs are used to heat the body. The truth about this is far from reality. Drugs dilate blood vessels in the skin which makes the blood to flow nearer to the skin which enhances convection of heat from Drugs of abuse heat up the body. the body to the outside environment. Convection transfer heat from inside the body to the outside. Through convection of heat, body heat is lost faster than normal. Drugs of abuse do not heat up the body; instead they make the body lose heat faster than normal. The Dangerous Drugs Board listed the following signs and symptoms of drug abuse. It is important to note that having a few of these signs doesn’t immediately make a person a drug user. Therefore, observations of physical, mental, emotional and social behaviors must be carefully done to confirm if a person is a drug user.  Declining interest in studies and work  Reddish eyes  Identification with known drug users  Sudden loss in weight  Negative outlook in life  Frequent complaints of headache and  Uncontrolled irretation stomach pains  Paranoia (fear that people always stalk  Convulsions and talk about him/her)  Frequent attacks of cough and runny  Severe feeling of depression and nose loneliness  Brown stains on fingertips  Complains of over fatigue (psychological  Foul body smell or physiological)  Wearing of sunglasses even at night  Frequent involvement in petty fights and  Loss of balance crimes  Loss of interest in sports and hobbies  Frequent changes of mood and extreme  Poor judgment and loss of inhibition mood swings  Loss of concentration  Lousy physical appearance PAGE 53  LESSON 5 Each classification of drugs has different short-term and long-term effects. Short-term effects last for a couple of days, hours or even shorter periods while long-term effects can be felt for weeks, months and even for a life time. The following is an overview of the short-term and long-term effects of substance use and abuse. Gateway drugs are accepted and legal with restrictions. In the Philippines, people below 18 years of age are not allowed to buy and use gateway drugs. The use of gateway drugs puts a person at risk of using more dangerous and illicit drugs. Tobacco of any form and alcohol are gateway drugs. Gateway Drug Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects - Headache and light headedness - Damage of organs like liver, heart, colon - Slurred speech and brain - Slow body reflex, senses and - Cancer coordination - Cardiovascular diseases - Overconfident - Cirrhosis of the liver A. Alcohol - Mood swings (depression, high spirit, - Poor study and work performance aggressiveness) - Paralysis and/ or loss of limb due to road - Nausea (headache with vomiting) accidents and other tragic events - Experience of blackout (loss of - Alcohol poisoning which leads to coma consciousness) and eventual death - Development of asthma - Stress - Atherosclerosis - Rapid heart rate and pulse rate - Thrombosis - Persistent cough - Cardiovascular diseases - Difficulty in breathing - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease B. Tobacco - Halitosis or bad breath - Cancer of the mouth, throat, skin, lungs, - Sinusitis and otitis media and other body parts - Increased phlegm production - Hypertension or increased blood pressure - Stomach problems - Heart attack and stroke which leads to - Weak physical performance coma and death Depressants, also known as “downers”, suppress or slow down the central nervous system. In the medical field, depressants are also called sedatives which are used to treat anxiety, mental disorders and sleep disorders like insomnia. Types of depressants are tranquilizers, barbiturates, and hypnotics. Tranquilizers are mild depressants which are used to treat anxiety. Barbiturates are stronger than tranquilizers and are used to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders and control seizures. Hypnotics are the most powerful depressants. Alcohol is also a depressant. The table below shows the effects of depressants on the body. Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects - Slow brain function which leads to temporary - Agitation and aggressive behaviors memory loss - Depression leading to mental disorders - Slow pulse rate and heart rate - Hypertension or high blood pressure - Below normal breathing pattern - Cardiovascular diseases - Low blood pressure - Paralysis of the muscles and nerves - Inability to concentrate and poor judgment - Brain stroke - Confusion and irritability - Chronic liver disease - Dizziness and lightheadedness - Renal or kidney failure - Slurred speech - Cancer of the colon and other form of cancer - Loss of body balance and sluggishness - Diabetes - Depression - Coma and death PAGE 54  Stimulants are also known as “uppers” or “speeders”. They stimulate or activate the central nervous system. A person can stay awake for longer periods under the influence of stimulant drugs. Some stimulants are legal while some are illicit and dangerous. Caffeine is a stimulant which is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, coffee, tea and chocolate. Illicit stimulants include cocaine and methamphetamine or shabu. The table on the next page shows the effects of stimulants on the body. Short-Term Effects of Stimulants Long-Term Effects of Stimulants - Increased heart rate and pulse rate - Increased respiration (breathing) rate - Increased digestive processes - Paranoia - Increased blood pressure - Heart attack - Increased body temperature - Brain stroke - Decreased appetite - Brain damage - Alert body responses - Kidney damage - Inability to sleep - Liver damage - Euphoria - Coma which leads to death - Depression (the “down” that follows the “up” sensation) Narcotics are known as “painkillers”. They also induce sleepiness. Narcotics are administered to patients with mental problems. They are also given to cancer patients to relieve severe pain. Narcotic drugs include cocaine, heroin and marijuana. Short-Term Effects of NARCOTICS Long-Term Effects of NARCOTICS - Drowsiness - Euphoria - Loss of appetite - Vomiting - Nausea - Development of diseases like hepatitis, tetanus - Muscle cramps and pain and HIV-AIDS due to needle sharing - Chills and shaking - Overdose leading to coma and death - Weight loss - Difficulty in sleeping - Difficulty in breathing - Inflammation of the veins - Panic attacks Hallucinogens create hallucinations. Hallucinations distort what is real. Everything the person sees, hears and feels are the opposite of reality. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and mescaline are some of the common hallucinogens. Short-Term Effects of Hallucinogens Long-Term Effects of Hallucinogens - Euphoria - Hallucinations (seeing things which are not really - Flashback (effects of the drug comes back after there) a long time of not using it) - Poor judgment of time and distance - Increased blood pressure - Inability to sleep - Brain damage - Loss of appetite which lasts up to 10 hours - Psychosis (a mental disorder in which reality is - Nausea distorted or twisted) - Poor body coordination - Coma and death - Feeling of super strength PAGE 55  - Increased blood pressure and heart rate - Aggressive behavior - Memory loss - Slurred speech Inhalants are found in common household chemical products. Inhalants are huffed or sniffed. The effects of inhalants are similar to the effects of alcohol intoxication. Short-Term Effects of Inhalants Long-Term Effects of Inhalants - Slurred speech - Poor coordination - Loss of hearing - Euphoria - Uncontrolled muscle spasms - Dizziness and nausea - Brain damage - Feeling of lightheadedness - Nerve damage - Foul breath - Bone marrow damage - Hallucinations - Delusions à According to reports, drug use and HIV-AIDS are often not interrelated. In the Philippines, injecting drug users (IDUs) is one of the known modes of transmission for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or (HIV) which is the causative agent that causes the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a blood-borne virus which means, it is transmitted from one person to another through blood transfusion, sexual intercourse, exchange of body fluids and from mother to child during pregnancy and breastfeeding. AIDS is a syndrome because it is a complex pattern of symptoms. AIDS is a disease which attacks and weakens the body’s immune system. The Department of Health (DOH) reported that around 13 Filipinos are infected with HIV-AIDS every day. From 1987 to 2013, there were more than 14,000 cases of infection and the rate of infection is very high in highly urbanized areas like Metro Manila. In relationship to drug use and abuse, the two most recorded means of transmission of HIV-AIDS is through the following: 1. Risky sexual 2. Sharing of needles behavior through drug use A. Injecting Drug Users (IDUs). The risk of getting HIV-AIDS through intravenous injection (IV) is very high. Drug users are particularly vulnerable to this risky behavior. The need to inject drugs through needle sharing during sessions with co-users puts each person at high risk of getting HIV-AIDS. B. Poor judgment and risky sexual practices. Drug intoxication greatly affects the person’s way of thinking and decision-making skills. This can lead the person to perform risky sexual practices which further aggravate HIV-AIDS infection. C. Prognosis of disease and drugs. Drug abuse and addiction worsen HIV-AIDS infection. A medical study has shown that HIV damages a larger percentage of brain cells and nerve cells among users of methamphetamine. In animal subjects, viral presence in brain cells is more than the other cells in the body. D. Delay in drug abuse treatment. Medical study has found that the longer drug users delay drug abuse treatment, the higher the chance of getting and spreading HIV. Delayed drug abuse treatment means the person will engage in more intravenous drug sharing and risky sexual behavior and practices. The earlier a drug user seeks intervention and treatment, the better the chance of not acquiring and spreading HIV-AIDS and other diseases. Drug abuse treatment also educates and counsels the user and the family about the risk of drug use and abuse. PAGE 56  Aside from oneself, drug use and abuse also affects the immediate family, school and community where the drug user lives. Below are some of the effects of drug use and abuse on the family, school and community. A. Effects of Drug Use and B. Effects of Drug Use and C. Effects of Drug Use and Abuse on the Family Abuse on the School Abuse on the Community Broken and unhappy family ties Poor academic performance High incidence of crime which Ignored duties and Increased rate of includes stealing, robbery and responsibilities absenteeism and tardiness snatching Financial constraint due to drug Increased incidence of school High incidence of accidents, dependence and addiction fights e.g. road accident, accidental High cost of drug treatment and Low academic achievement falling, etc. rehabilitation rate Affected economy due to low Family dishonor and Incidence of disrespect to manpower production embarrassment school authorities Loss of government funds due Separation of family members to drug-related operations, treatment and rehabilitation LESSON 6 There are various and healthy ways to get rid of drugs. These range from simple immersion to hobbies like interactive and board games, sports, and joining clubs of interest. Prevention is the best way for people like you to avoid the use and abuse of drugs. People should understand the different protective factors and risk factors. Protective factors should be enhanced while risk factors should be avoided and dropped for good. You should learn decision-making skills and resistance skills in order to be able to refuse temptations and offers from known drug users. The following activities will strengthen your decision-making skills. Skills Guides Step 1: Describe the situation you are in. You can better describe by writing it on a Describe the situation you are in. piece of paper. You can say it out loud several times. List down all possible actions. Don’t worry about listing the not-so-good Step 2: ones. You can eliminate them afterwards. You can also say out loud all List possible actions for the situation. possible actions. Think over them several times. Step 3: Share your list of possible actions with a responsible adult. Make sure that Share your list with responsible this person has not been associated with known drug users. His/Her adults. decisions should be credible. PAGE 57  Carefully evaluate all possible actions. Ask yourself if the actions will protect and promote healthy results, protect safety of self and of other Step 4: people, respect and does not violate laws and policies, follow Carefully evaluate all possible actions. guidelines of home, school and community. Lastly, ask if the actions will show your good image and persona. Step 5: After questioning and evaluating all actions, choose the most Choose which action is most responsible responsible and suitable action for the situation. and suitable. Step 6: Do the action responsibly and intelligently. Don’t stop evaluating the Act responsibly and intelligent. action. Use the following steps to practice resistance skills in saying “NO” to drugs. Step 1: What is the problem? Say what is wrong. Say “that is wrong,” or “drugs are bad,” or “that is prohibited,” or “ Drugs are against the law and school rules.” Step 2: What could happen? Ask the following:  Could anyone be harmed if I do it (including you)? How?  Could it get you into trouble? What trouble?  Would it make you feel bad if you do it? Step 3: What are the ways of saying NO? Choose from any of the following:  Say No. “No, I’m not interested,” or simply say “No”  Change the topic. Say “I’m going to the park, you can come with me.” or “Would you like to see a movie with me?”  Tell the truth. Say “I hate drugs, it destroys dreams,” or “Drugs make you become sad and unhappy,” or “I’m too young to die.”  Joke about it. Say “My parents are good at smelling, I won’t get past them,” or “Are you really ready to die? I’m not!”  Give reasons. “I don’t do drugs, it’s bad for the health,” or “I have a training today, I need clean air to get going,” or “Let’s play basketball, beat me!”  Tell a story. Say “My friend died of drugs, he’s only 15 years old. It was painful,” or “my classmate died from drugs. I don’t want that to happen to me or to you!”  Walk away if you can’t change your friend’s mind. The Dangerous Drugs Board in cooperation with the Department of Health offers treatment and rehabilitation programs to Filipinos who become ill because of drug abuse. Drug dependents undergo effective modes of treatment. It is the responsibility of the state to help and rehabilitate drug dependents so that they can once again achieve their dreams and become responsible and productive members of the society. 1. Application for Drug Dependency Examination (DDE) through the City Anti-Drug Abuse Council (CADAC) in your city or province. 2. Application for Police Clearance and Barangay Clearance where the drug dependent resides. 3. Application for Certificate of No Pending Case from the Regional Trial Court (RTC). If the drug dependent is a minor and with a pending case, the parents or guardian must secure a Certification of Suspended Sentence also from the RTC. PAGE 58  Drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation follows certain steps and procedures. Treatment and rehabilitation can be voluntary, voluntary thru representations and compulsory confinement.  “Voluntary” means the drug dependent decides on his/her own to be examined and admitted in rehabilitation centers,  “Voluntary thru representations” means the drug dependent is willing but wants to be represented by an immediate family member or legal guardian and  “Compulsory confinement” means the drug dependent needs to be confined as the condition is life-threatening or threatens the life of the family. Below are the steps securing drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation: 1 Secure referral form for Drug Dependency Exam at CADAC or Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB). 2 Have the drug dependent examined by DOH accredited doctor. If drug dependent is found positive, DDE must be submitted with the other documents to the Legal 3 Affairs Division of DDB. 4 A “Petition for Confinement” shall be filed with the RTC where the drug dependent lives. Decision of place of confinement. The immediate family or legal guardian will decide where the drug dependent will be confined. The government usually recommends government-owned 5 treatment and rehabilitation centers but the family has the right to choose where to confine the patient. There are various modes of treating drug dependents. Each mode is effective on its own. Centers may apply several modes during the period of confinement. Mode of Treatment Description This approach uses a holistic approach in the treatment process. The professional skills and services of the rehabilitation staff are made available. Eclectic approach Eclectic Approach addresses different personality aspects of the patients geared towards their rehabilitation and recovery from the dependency. This approach uses Bible teachings as a source of inspiration to change drug Spiritual Approach dependents. The approach looks at drug abuse as a sin. It also teaches patients to turn away from the evil ways of drug addiction and renew their connection with God. This approach views drug addiction as a manifestation of a more complex Therapeutic psychological problem. The treatment is a highly structured program wherein the community is used to foster change in attitude and behavior. Role modeling and peer Community pressure play important parts in the program. The approach teaches personal Approach responsibility, positive self-image, importance of human community and cooperation among community members. Its goal is to turn patients into responsible citizens This model views any form of addiction as a disease that it is an involuntary condition caused by various factors outside an individual’s control. The program consists of Hazelden-Minnesotta instructive lectures, cognitive-behavioral psychology. This approach teaches a set of Model values and beliefs about the powerlessness of persons over drugs and turning to a higher power to help them overcome the disease. Psychologists, psychiatrists and patients help each other in this program. Multidisciplinary Team This approach utilizes professional skills and services of a team composed of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists and other related Approach disciplines in cooperation with the immediate family of the drug dependent PAGE 59  INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES In the following activities below, answer it properly, correctly and neatly to measure your learning relative to the discussion about the concepts, treatment and prevention about substance use and abuse. PART ONE: A. You be the judge of it! Read the editorial below and answer the questions on your notebook, answer sheet or journal. Though it seems that society is winning in the battle against illegal drug use and abuse, I believe that we are still a long way from declaring victory in the battle. Teenagers are still victimized by drug addiction. Everyone complains? But only a few propose ways to completely stop drug use and abuse. The following are some suggestions to stop this terrible and frightening habit. First, the film industry should stop glamorizing drug addiction. Drug addicts and drug pushers should not come out as heroes and saints in films and television programs. They should realize that young people look up to these actors and actresses and what they portray on camera is something that looks cool and good for the young viewers. The government and the actors’ guild should come up with a law banning the industry from showing drugs of all forms on television and film. Second, the government should have strict laws and policies on drug trafficking and possession of drugs and their paraphernalia. We should follow our neighboring countries which include death penalties as sanction to drug traffickers. Right now, the Philippines serve as a drop-off point for drugs coming from other countries. Drug Laboratories have been discovered in residential houses and old abandoned factories. Foreign members of syndicates have been caught and charged by authorities. These are proofs that there is a need to review and revise our present laws on drug abuse and trafficking. Third, horrific videos of people dying from drug-related illnesses should be used by the government as advocacy materials for students to see and know the real deal about drug use and abuse. If students will understand the ugly truth about drugs through these advocacies and they will no longer start to take drugs, then the approach will be effective and the experience worthwhile. There are still more ideas I can share with you regarding drug abuse prevention but I think that these three suggestions are more than enough to change the scenario. My parting words are to “think several times before acting out foolishly”. - The Editor What are the ideas of the editor to stop drug use, abuse and drug 1. trafficking? Summarize these ideas. 2. Do you think the ideas of the editor will be effective? Why or why not? PAGE 60  B. Acrostic Poem. Make an acrostic poem about breaking the myths and misconception about drugs. Use the letters of the words “SAY NO TO DRUGS” as the first letter of each stanza. S _______________________________________________________________ A _______________________________________________________________ Y _______________________________________________________________ N _______________________________________________________________ O _______________________________________________________________ T _______________________________________________________________ O _______________________________________________________________ D _______________________________________________________________ R _______________________________________________________________ U _______________________________________________________________ G _______________________________________________________________ S _______________________________________________________________ PART two: A. Let’s make a cute Flipchart PROCEDURES: Make a medium-size flipchart showing how drugs are classified and how they affect the body. Ask your teacher to check your draft. Print the chart using paper and old folders. Include pictures to make your flipchart more attractive. RUBRICS FOR RATING PERFORMANCE TASK A. Approaching Advance Proficient Developing Beginning Criteria Proficency 10 pts. 8 points 6 points 4 points 2 points Almost all Much of the Not much of All information Information is Accuracy of information is information is the information is true and not true and content true and true and is true and correct. correct. correct. correct. correct. Format and Format and Format and lay- Format and Format and Visual lay-out are lay-out are out are lay-out lacks lay-out are attractiveness very attractive. attractive. organized. organization. disorganize d. Graphics and Graphics and Graphics and Graphics and No graphics pictures are pictures are pictures do not pictures go and pictures Graphics and good but are good but are go well with the well with the are used in the pictures too many that too few that text making the content and making of the they dominate texts dominate material information. material. the material. the material. disorganized. PAGE 61  Approaching Advance Proficient Developing Beginning Criteria Proficency 10 pts. 8 points 6 points 4 points 2 points No 1-3 7-9 10 or more 4-6 grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatica l Grammar and errors and/ or errors and /or errors and/ or errors and/ or errors and/ or spelling misspelled misspelled misspelled misspelled misspelled words. words. words. words. words. Total Score: ___/40 Books Lacia, G. et al. (2018). The 21st century MAPEH in action 9: Worktext in music, arts, physical education, and health. Rev. Ed. Rex Book Store, Inc. Manila PHYSICAL EDUCTAION & HEALTH Learner’s Material for Music and Arts (Grade 9) First Edition 2014 – Department of Education, Philippines PAGE 62