Earth Science Module 14: The History of Earth Through Geologic Time PDF

Senior High School SH Earth Science Module 14 The History of Earth Through Geologic Time AIRs - LM LU_Earth Science_Module14 STEM – EARTH SCIENCE Quarter 2 - Module 14: History of Earth Through Geologic Time...

Senior High School SH Earth Science Module 14 The History of Earth Through Geologic Time AIRs - LM LU_Earth Science_Module14 STEM – EARTH SCIENCE Quarter 2 - Module 14: History of Earth Through Geologic Time Second Edition, 2021 Copyright © 2021 La Union Schools Division Region I All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners. Development Team of the Module Author: Eden C. Labeste Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team Content Reviewer: Lani P. Gatchalian Language Reviewer: Agnes T. Bucsit Illustrator: Ernesto Ramos Jr. Design and Layout: Cristita C. Ferrer Management Team: Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr. Schools Division Superintendent Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS Rominel S. Sobremonte, EdD, EPS in Charge of Science Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________ Department of Education – SDO La Union Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046 Email Address: [email protected]  Senior High School Earth Science Module 14 The History of Earth Through Geologic Time Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  Target Our history and our age as humans can be recorded and measured upon birth; however we are not curious to know if how old is our planet Earth and how its history began. Do we know when life started on Earth or do we have an idea if we the human beings are the first one who invaded this planet? It is pretty obvious that the Earth is older than anyone had previously imagined and that its surface and interior have been changed over a period of time and it continues today. Geologists and paleontologists measure the Age of the Earth and the History of Life in millions and billions of years. The whole account of human race is but a wink of an eye next to the vastness of geological time. In your previous lesson, you are done explaining how relative and absolute dating was used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time. This module will provide you with information and activities that will help you comprehend about the important events happened throughout Earth’s history. Most Essential Learning Competency After going through this module, you are expected to describe the history of the Earth through geologic time (S11ES-II-j-39). Learning Objectives At the end of the module, you are expected to: A. identify the major events in the history of the earth; b. explain how the geologic time scale was created; and c. recognize the time span of eras and eons of geologic time. 1 LU_Earth Science_Module14  Jumpstart Activity 1: Events and Geological History Procedure: A. 1. Cut rope for a timeline 2. Measure out and cut 4.6 m of straight rope or yarn. This 4.6 m length of rope will represent the entire 4.6 billion years since the formation of Earth. Wrap the two rope ends with masking tape to prevent fraying. 3. Label one end of the rope as “present day” and the other end as “4.6 billion years ago.” B. 1. Prepare event index cards On one side of a blank index card, write the name of the major event of the Earth and a brief description of it. Write the event date on the opposite side of the index card.  The major event of the Earth are as follows: Youngest : Modern humans - 100,000 yrs ago First elephants – 37 million yrs ago First mammals – 222 mya First dinosaurs – 245 mya First reptiles – 360 mya First insects – 408 mya First fish – 505 mya Oldest: First plants (algae) – 3.2 bya  For more information about the major events of Earth kindly visit the given link below: https://acad.carleton.edu/curricular/BIOL/classes/bio302/pages/TimelineBack.ht ml B. 2. Attach event index cards to the timeline at the appropriate locations. Present your timeline to your classmates thru sending picture via messenger or discuss it via Google meet. Questions: 1. If the entire 4.6 m-long rope represents 4.6 billion years, how much time is represented by the following lengths? * 10 cm * 1 mm 2. Beginning around 2.5 million years ago, there was an increase of oxygen gas in the Atmosphere, how do you think the organism survived before it? 2 LU_Earth Science_Module14  Discover Read and understand thoroughly about the history of Earth. I. The History of Earth Through Geologic Time A. Precambrian The most part of Earth’s history occurred during the Precambrian Period wherein it takes about 88 percent or approximately 4.1 billion years. This Eon was broken into 3 parts namely: 1. Hadean Eon It is considered that the most chaotic eon for the reason that there are severe volcanic activities and meteorites constantly bombarding the Earth. Figure 1. Meteorites and volcanic activities on Earth was constantly happening during the Hadean Con Source: url.com/PrCNBL 2. Archean Eon The Archean lasted over 1.3 billion years. During this period, the Earth became warm however its atmosphere contained only methane with little to no oxygen. The most part of Earth is covered with water. Apparently, during this time the continent was formed. The Earth’s atmosphere became orange due to the abundance of methane and the oceans were green because of iron and stromalite field shorelines. 3 LU_Earth Science_Module14  Figure 2. Continent began to form during the Archean Eon Source: url.com/9wFWzq 3. Proterozoic Eon The Proterozoic took almost half of the age of Earth. During this period the oxygen level of Earth reaches to 3% which cause to rise of multicellular organism. Figure 3. Multicellular animal existed during the Protezoroic Eon Source: url.com/r4NMMI Phanerozoic Eon The Phanerozoic Eon lasted for 540 million years wherein during this period many life forms became evident. This period is known to be the Eon of “visible life”. It is broken into 3 parts namely: 1. Paleozoic Era ( Early Life) Paleozoic Era lasted for 540–245 million years where fossils of marine invertebrates that lived near shallow water were formed in sedimentary layers. Marine life forms had developed shells during the middle Paleozoic Era. Land plants, such as giant ferns and marsh plants colonized the land at about 480 million years. Reptiles began to appear during the late Paleozoic Era. They seemed like their Amphibian ancestors but were unlike in that they were capable of laying their eggs. Scientist considers that the remains of these plants formed the huge coal deposits in many part of the world. It is also believed that the oxygen level in the atmosphere approaches present day concentration. 4 LU_Earth Science_Module14  Figure 4. Marine invertebrates became dominant during Paleozoic Era Source: url.com/w1zk99 2. Mesozoic Era (Middle Life) The Mesozoic Era took place at about 246-65 million years, which is known as the Age of Reptiles. During this time, the Pangaea starts to break apart at about 200 million years. North America began to part from Europe and South America, and Australia, New Zealand and India began to separate from Africa. Reptiles and dinosaurs became dominant during this period. Early mammals started to appear at about 220 million years ago while the first bird appears at 150 million years ago. The first flowering plants were seen in the face of the Earth at 130 million years ago. Figure 5. Reptiles and Dinosaurs became dominant during Mesozoic Era Source: url.com/ uq-22v 3. Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago - present/Late Life) This Era is known to be the “Age of Mammals”, where warm-blooded animals such as marsupials like kangaroo, and primitive mammals roamed the land. During this period, mountains were uplifted and volcanic activities became extensive, forming massive flows of lava and basalt. It was during the 0.2 Ma that human beings appeared and left their marks on the land, as observed and seen in the stone tools that were used. 5 LU_Earth Science_Module14  Figure 6. The first hominids appeared at about 5.2 Ma Source: url.com/5Ute3j Retrieved 10/22/20 II. The Geologic Time Scale Age Time Eon Era Period Epoch (Mya) Scale (Ma) Quaternary Helocene 0.01 Cenozoic Pleistocene 1.8 1.79 Tertiary Pliocene 5.3 3.5 Miocene 23.0 17.7 Oligocene 33.9 10.9 Eocene 55.8 21.9 Paleocene 65.5 9.7 Phanerozoic Cretaceous 145 79.5 Mesozoic Jurassic 200 55 Triassic 251 51 Permian 299 48 Pennsylvanian 318 19 Mississippian 359 57 Paleozoic Devonian 416 28 Silurian 444 28 Ordovician 488 44 Cambrian 542 54 Bacteria and 2500 1958 Proterozoic blue green Precambrian algae Archean Oldest Fossil 3800 1300 Hadean Beginning of 4600 800 Earth 6 LU_Earth Science_Module14  The Geologic Time Scale is used as the calendar of events in Earth history. The name units that are used to subdivide the time are eons, eras, periods, epochs and ages. This is also being used by the geologist, paleontologist and other scientist to describe the timing and relationship between events that occurred during the long history of the Earth. The 4.6 billion years of Earth’s history was divided into span of time to better explain the major events that took place. The spans of time are:  Age (millions of years)  Epoch (tens of millions of years)  Period ( tens of millions of years)  Era (several hundred million years)  Eon (half billion years or more) In the geologic time scale, Eons have the biggest spans of time. Eons are divided into smaller units called eras. Eras are subdivided into periods. Periods are subdivided into even smaller time spans called epoch. 7 LU_Earth Science_Module14  Explore Activity 2. My Earth Clock Direction: Draw the clock pictured at the bottom on a separate paper. Then label it with the following events on the clock. a. Formation of Earth b. Formation of ocean and atmosphere c. Fossils of trilobites and brachiopods d. Free oxygen e. Giant ferns and marsh plants f. Dinosaurs g. First bird Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=clock+free+clipart&rlz=1C1AVFA_enPH864PH864&source retrieved 10/23/20 Do you think human invaded the Earth with the longest period of time? Why or Why not? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8 LU_Earth Science_Module14  Deepen Activity 3: Match Me Direction: Match the eon and period in Column A with their respective era in Column B with the proper subdivision of the geologic time scale. Each term can be used only once. Write your answers on a separate paper. Column A Column B ___ 1. Hadean, Archaean and Proterozoic A. Cenozoic ___ 2. Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous B. Mesozoic ___ 3. Tertiary and Quartenary C. Paleozoic ___ 4. Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, D. Precambrian ___ 5. Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian Activity 4. Find Me Direction: Color the words listed below. Words may appear straight, across, up, and down. Write your answers on a separate paper. Mesozoic Hadean Paleozoic Archean Phanerozoic Pangea Devonian Proterozoic Precambrian Cenozoic E E M E S O Z O I C I P O L P A D A S D F G H J K L A G K A R A T G H J K L A S D N D B L T A R W E R T Y Q F G G E N E H H R L K J H G F H E E V M O P R E C A M B R I A N A O S Z A T E R H A D E S D A R N E O N Y O U R E R A R E F T I W I G U E D E N A R T A H J A E C E R E R A E O N I N A R N R Z P H A N E R O Z O I C F G T X A S C E N O Z O I C H J K G C C D I N O S P A L E O Z O I L D F L A B E S T E R T G H H B F G B P R O T E R O Z O I C N 9 LU_Earth Science_Module14  Gauge Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in your answer sheet. 1. Which of the following does NOT belong to Paleozoic Era? A. Cambrian B. Devonian C. Jurassic D. Ordovician 2. Which of the following eon was considered as the MOST chaotic eon? A. Archean B. Hadean C. Paleozoic D. Proterozoic 3. Which of the following eon was characterized as the period when Earth became warm? A. Archean B. Hadean C. Paleozoic D. Proterozoic 4. Which of the following eon last almost half the age of Earth? A. Archean B. Hadean C. Paleozoic D. Proterozoic 5. What is the LARGEST creature that existed during the Mesozoic era? A. dinosaurs B. fern C. flowers D. fossils 6. What era is considered as the “Age of Mammals”? A. Archean B. Cenozoic C. Proterozoic D. Paleozoic 7. In Geologic time, what unit has the BIGGEST span of time? A. days B. eons C. epochs D. periods 8. What time units are eras subdivided into? A. days B. eons C. epochs D. periods 9. Which era did plants appear? A. Cenozoic B. Mesozoic C. Paleozoic D. Precambrian 10. In what era do we human belong? A. Cenozoic B. Jurassic C. Mesozoic D. Paleozoic 11. What does the term “Paleozoic” mean? A. ancient life B. future life C. middle life D. recent life 12. Which combinations represent the Phanerozoic? A. Eocene, Cretaceous, Jurassic B. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic C. Precambrian, Cenezoic, Eocene D. Cenezoic, Precambrain, Paleozoic 13. What is used as the calendar of events in geologic history? A. Geological Time Scale B. Gregorian Calendar C. Geologic Time D. Time Scale 14. How old is the Earth? A. 4.6 billion years B. 4.06 billion years C. 46 billion years D. 46.6 billion years 15. The word “Hadean” came from the word “hades”. What does “hades” mean?? A. chaos B. earth C. hell D. life 10 LU_Earth Science_Module14 Answer Key 11 LU_Earth Science_Module14 References Book Olivar, J.T. III and Ramos, A. M. Exploring Life Through Science. Phoenix Publishing House Inc. 2016. Websites https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/node/1343 https://www.britannica.com/science/geologic-history-of-Earth/The-pregeologic- period http://geology.teacherfriendlyguide.org/index.php/geohist-mw 12 LU_Earth Science_Module14  For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – SDO La Union Curriculum Implementation Division Learning Resource Management Section Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500 Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127 Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046 Email Address: [email protected] [email protected] 13 LU_Earth Science_Module14