FOR314 Scientific Method of Handwriting Examination PDF

FOR314 MODULE 3 Scientific Method of Handwriting Examination Writing and Handwriting Recognition (analysis) Handwriting - A visible effect of bodily movement which Complete comparison (standards) is...

FOR314 MODULE 3 Scientific Method of Handwriting Examination Writing and Handwriting Recognition (analysis) Handwriting - A visible effect of bodily movement which Complete comparison (standards) is an almost unconscious expression of fixed muscular Correct interpretation (evaluation) habits, reacting from fixed mental impressions of certain ideas associated with script form MODULE 4 Writing - is the visible result of a very complicated series Writing Characteristics of acts, being as a whole or a combination of certain 1. Form – refers to the shape or design of the individual forms which are the very visible result of mental and letters. muscular habits acquired by long continued painstaking a) Arc or Arch – rounded inner part of an upper effort. curve b) Beard – an introductory up and down curve Kinds of Handwriting (double hitch) Cursive- writing in which the letters are for the most c) Blunt – Abrupt beginning and ending stroke d) Buckle knot – horizontal loop to complete a part joined together (dactus link) letter Hand Lettering – any disconnected block capitals e) Central part or body – small circle that lie on sometimes referred to as manuscripts writing or letter the base line printing f) Dactus broken/junction broken – disconnected, Disguise Writing – it is a writing of a person who non - continuous stroke deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in the g) Eyeloop/eyelet – Small oblong strokes hope of hiding his identity h) Foot of the letter or oval – the bottom part of the letter that lies on the base-line Natural Writing – any specimen of writing executed i) Diacritic – element added to complete a letter without any attempt to control or alter its identifying j) Hitch – a backward introductory or ending habits and its usual quality of execution stroke k) Hook/through – a minute and involuntary Physiological Basis of Handwriting talon–like formation often found at the The impulses to form a letter begins in the brain’s commencement of an initial stroke l) Hump – the rounded outside top of the bend in writing center in the CORTEX (motor cortex) small letters Agraphia – loses ability to write, but still can grasped m) Spur – lone running initial or terminal strokes writing instrument n) Knob – rounded appearance at the beginning Extensor – upward strokes, push up the pen and ending of stroke Flexor – downward stroke o) Main stroke/shank stem – long downward Flexor and extensor combined with lumbrical muscle – stroke (backbone of the letter) p) Whirl – long upward stroke lateral stroke q) Space filler/terminal spur – long downward Motor coordination – various muscle work together and upward terminal stoke 2. System – refers to the particular style or system of Development of Writing writing practiced or learned in childhood. First step – imitation of illustrations, focus on the form  Old English Round Hand of 1849 of the letter  Modified Round Hand of 1960  Copy book form – standard letter of alphabet  Spencerian System of 1865-1890 Second step – matter of form recedes, focus is on the  Modern Vertical System 1890-1900 execution (mastery of pattern of execution)  Angular System Third step – writing becomes more or less automatic, it 3. Muscular Habits or Coordination – muscles should becomes unconscious automatic movement, focus on coordinate or contribute in order to have a continuous subject matter to be written process, downward and upward coordination in making letters or words. Factors of Modifying a Mature Writing 4. Retracing – any strokes which goes back over another a. Education writing stroke is retracing. b. Training 5. Connections, Connecting Stroke or Links – it refers to c. Personal taste the strokes or links which connect a letter with one d. Artistic Ability following. e. Masculature and nerve tone; and the 6. Size – as a writing characteristic is somewhat like divergent under varying conditions and may have but little significance when applied to only one example, or Manner of Modifying Mature Writing from Copy to a small quantity of writing like signatures, unless the Book Form divergence is clearly pronounced. Simplification - discarding of unessential detail. 7. Slant – this refers to the slope of writing in relation to Elaboration – decorative strokes are added to the plain the base line. letter forms. 8. Spacing – between letters in words depend upon the Linear pattern – writing shows no concern for form. length of the connecting strokes or links. CORPUZ, JL M. Page 1  FOR314 9. Proportion – of a part or to the other part of a letter, examination of the writing. Pen pressure as opposed to or the relative height of one letter to another letter can pen emphasis deals with the usual or average force be found in different writings. involved in the writing rather than the periodic 10. Movement – is an important element of increase. handwriting. It embraces all of the factors which are 20. Pen Lifts – an interruption in a stroke caused by related to the motion of the writing instrument, skill, removing the writing instrument from the paper. speed, freedom, hesitation, rhythm, emphasis, tremor, Hiatus – Interruption in strokes produced and the like. without lifting the writing instrument Different Writing Movements Employed by 21. Pen Stops – momentary stops in a written strokes Different Writers while the pen point is at rest 1. Finger Movement – thumb, index and middle 22. Pen Scope – reach of the hand while writing finger are used exclusively in the writing of 23. Terminal and Initial Strokes – terminal strokes refer letters. to the last element of a letter; initial strokes refer to the 2. Hand Movement – it involve actions of the first element of a letter of first letter of a loop. hand as a whole, with fingers playing but a 24. Alignment – is the relation of successive characters minor role, their action being limited mainly to or letters of a word, signature or line of writing to an the formation of the smaller parts of the letter. actual or imaginary baseline. 3. Forearm or Muscular Movement – writing is 25. Arrangement produced by movement of both hand and arm 26. Rubric or Embellishment – this refers to additional, and also fingers in some cases. The elbow is the unnecessary strokes, not necessary to legibility of letter pivot of the lateral movement. forms or writings but incorporated in writing for 4. Whole-arm Movement – this movement decorative or ornamental purpose. involves action of the entire arm without rest and is employed in very large ornamental Classification of Writing Characteristics writings, in ornamental penmanship, in Writing Characteristics – any property or mark which blackboard writing, and by few writers in distinguishes, and referred to as identifying marks in making all the capital letters. document examination. 11. Line Quality – refers to the visible record in the Habits – Any repeated elements which may serve to written stroke of the basic movement and manner individualized writing of holding the writing instrument. 12. Tremor – a writing weakness portrayed by irregular Group of Handwriting Characteristics shaky strokes. 1. Class Characteristics – those which conform to the Kinds of Tremor general style acquired when learning to write and 1. Genuine Tremor such as Tremor of Age, which is fashionable at the particular time and place Illiteracy and Weakness. 2. Individual Characteristics – those introduced into 2. Tremor of Fraud the handwriting consciously or unconsciously by the 13. Skills – the proficiency in the art of writing usually writer. They are highly personal or peculiar and are perceived to manual dexterity and legibility in writing. unlikely to occur in other instances. 14. Rhythm – the elements of the writing movement which is marked by regular or periodic recurrences. It may be classified as smooth, intermittent, or jerky in its Kinds of Individual Characteristics quality. 1. Conspicuous Characteristics – those that can be 15. Speed – slow, moderate and rapid. seen by our naked eye. 16. Shading – the widening of the ink stroke due to 2. Inconspicuous Characteristics – those that cannot added pressure on a flexible pen point or to the use of be seen by our naked eye at the first glance, stub pen. therefore, it needs special instruments to locate Shading Considerations: them prior to identification. 1. Form 2. Intensity 3 Main Principles Of Handwriting Identification 3. Skill 1. Given a sufficient amount of handwriting, NO TWO 4. Frequency SKILLED writers exhibit identical handwriting 5. Exact location features. 17. Pen – emphasis - it refers to the more obvious 2. Every person has a range of natural variation to increase in the width of the stroke. his/her handwriting. 18. Pen Position – the relationship between the pen point and the paper is known as pen position and the line of writing and between the pen point and the paper surface, are the elements of pen position. Both conditions may be reflected in the writing. 19. Pen Pressure – the average force with which the pen contacts the paper, it may be estimated from an CORPUZ, JL M. Page 2