OCR General Biology Exam Paper PDF

SUMMATIVE TEST IN GENERAL BIOLOGY II 1) What might be the ecological consequences if a plant species 12) Which reproductive strategy involves the laying of eggs that that relies on a specific pollinator becomes extinct? hatch outside the mother's body? A) The...

SUMMATIVE TEST IN GENERAL BIOLOGY II 1) What might be the ecological consequences if a plant species 12) Which reproductive strategy involves the laying of eggs that that relies on a specific pollinator becomes extinct? hatch outside the mother's body? A) The plant species may also face extinction. A) Oviparity B) The plant species will adapt to new pollinators. B) Ovoviviparity C) The plant species will produce more seeds. C) Parthenogenesis D) The plant species will switch to asexual reproduction. D) Viviparity 2) How does vegetative propagation benefit plants in stable 13) Which part of the plant is responsible for producing pollen? environments? A) Anther A) It allows rapid colonization. B) Ovary B) It increases genetic diversity. C) Sepal C) It prevents disease spread. D) Stigma D) It requires less energy than sexual reproduction. 14) Which of the following is a type of asexual reproduction in 3) How might climate change impact the reproductive success of plants? plants that rely on specific environmental cues for flowering? A) Fertilization A) It will have no impact. B) Germination B) It may alter flowering times and reduce C) Pollination reproductive success. D) Vegetative propagation C) It will increase genetic diversity. 15) What is the term for the growth of a seed into a new plant? D) It will enhance pollinator activity. A) Fertilization 4) How can the presence of multiple flower colors within a species B) Germination affect its reproductive success? C) Photosynthesis A) It confuses pollinators. D) Pollination B) It attracts a wider range of pollinators. 16) Which of the following is NOT a part of the flower? C) It reduces seed production. A) Leaf D) It increases competition among flowers. B) Petal 5) How does the reproductive strategy of external fertilization in C) Pistil amphibians benefit their survival in aquatic environments? D) Stamen A) It reduces the number of offspring. 17) What are the primary products of photosynthesis? B) It increases the chances of fertilization. A) Glucose and carbon dioxide C) It limits genetic diversity. B) Glucose and oxygen D) It requires less energy. C) Water and carbon dioxide 6) What might be the evolutionary advantage of viviparity (live D) Water and oxygen birth) in mammals compared to oviparity (egg-laying)? 18) Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for absorbing A) It decreases genetic diversity. water and nutrients from the soil? B) It increases the number of offspring. A) Flowers C) It provides better protection for the developing B) Leaves embryo. C) Roots D) It reduces parental care. D) Stem 7) What role does sexual selection play in the evolution of 19) What is the function of xylem in plants? reproductive traits in animals? A) To produce flowers A) It decreases genetic diversity. B) To store nutrients B) It favors traits that increase mating success. C) To transport food C) It limits the survival of the fittest. D) To transport water and minerals D) It reduces the number of offspring. 20) Which process involves the loss of water vapor from the aerial 8) What are the potential advantages of hermaphroditism in certain parts of plants? animal species? A) Germination A) It allows for self-fertilization and increases B) Photosynthesis reproductive flexibility. C) Respiration B) It limits the number of offspring. D) Transpiration C) It reduces genetic diversity. 21) What is the primary function of the digestive system in animals? D) It requires more energy. A) To break down food and absorb nutrients 9) Which of the following is a characteristic of sexual reproduction B) To circulate blood in animals? C) To excrete waste A) Does not involve gametes D) To produce energy B) Involves only one parent 22) Which of the following is a characteristic of herbivores? C) Produces genetically diverse offspring A) They do not eat. D) Produces genetically identical offspring B) They eat both plants and meat. 10) Which of the following animals is known for its ability to C) They eat only meat. reproduce asexually through budding? D) They eat only plants. A) Bird 23) What is the role of enzymes in the digestive process? B) Fish A) To break down complex molecules into simpler C) Frog ones D) Hydra B) To produce hormones 11) What is the term for the development of an embryo without C) To store energy fertilization? D) To transport nutrients A) Fertilization 24) Which of the following is a characteristic of carnivores? B) Germination A) They do not eat. C) Parthenogenesis B) They eat both plants and meat. D) Pollination C) They eat only meat. D) They eat only plants. 25) What is the role of hemoglobin in the respiratory system? 37) What are the potential consequences of a deficiency in essential A) To absorb nutrients macronutrients, such as potassium, on the transport processes B) To bind and transport oxygen in the blood in plants? C) To break down carbon dioxide A) It may lead to impaired transport and reduced D) To produce oxygen growth. 26) Which of the following animals uses gills for gas exchange? B) It will enhance transport processes. A) Bird C) It will have no effect. B) Fish D) It will increase photosynthesis. C) Frog 38) What might be the ecological implications of a decline in the D) Mammal efficiency of water transport in plants due to climate change? 27) What is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are A) It may lead to reduced plant growth and lower exchanged between the blood and the environment? biodiversity. A) Digestion B) It will enhance nutrient cycling. B) Excretion C) It will have no impact. C) Photosynthesis D) It will increase plant growth. D) Respiration 39) What might be the evolutionary advantage of a closed 28) How does the diaphragm contribute to the process of breathing circulatory system in vertebrates? in mammals? A) It allows for more efficient transport of nutrients A) It absorbs nutrients and gases. B) It contracts and relaxes to change lung volume B) It decreases blood pressure. and facilitate breathing C) It limits the size of the organism. C) It produces oxygen D) It reduces the need for oxygen. D) It stores carbon dioxide 40) How does the presence of hemoglobin in red blood cells 29) How do plants contribute to the oxygen levels in the facilitate oxygen transport in animals? atmosphere? A) It absorbs nutrients. A) By absorbing carbon dioxide B) It binds to oxygen, allowing efficient transport. B) By absorbing oxygen C) It breaks down carbon dioxide. C) By releasing carbon dioxide during respiration D) It produces oxygen. D) By releasing oxygen during photosynthesis 41) In what ways can the diet of an animal influence its circulatory 30) Which of the following factors can affect the rate of gas system? exchange in plants? A) All animals have the same circulatory needs A) Flower color regardless of diet. B) Light intensity B) Diet has no impact on the circulatory system. C) Root length C) High-fat diets can lead to plaque buildup in D) Soil type arteries, affecting blood flow. 31) What is the primary function of the spongy mesophyll in leaves? D) Low-fat diets reduce the need for a circulatory system. A) To facilitate gas exchange 42) What role do capillaries play in the transport of nutrients and B) To produce seeds gases in animals? C) To store water A) They facilitate the exchange of nutrients and D) To transport nutrients gases between blood and tissues. 32) What is the role of guard cells in the process of gas exchange B) They produce red blood cells. in plants? C) They store blood. A) To absorb nutrients D) They transport waste products. B) To produce chlorophyll 43) What role do capillaries play in the transport of nutrients and C) To regulate the opening and closing of stomata gases in animals? D) To transport water A) They facilitate the exchange of nutrients and 33) How does the process of transpiration contribute to the gases between blood and tissues. movement of nutrients within plants? B) They produce red blood cells. A) It creates a negative pressure that helps pull water C) They store blood. and nutrients up from the roots. D) They transport waste products. B) It limits nutrient uptake. 44) How might the efficiency of nutrient and gas transport be C) It produces nutrients. affected in animals with damaged blood vessels? D) It stores nutrients. A) It will decrease transport efficiency. 34) What role do nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the nutrition uptake B) It will have no effect. of leguminous plants? C) It will increase nutrient absorption. A) They absorb water. D) It will increase transport efficiency. B) They convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form 45) What are the potential consequences of a high-altitude that plants can use. environment on the circulatory system of animals? C) They produce chlorophyll. A) It may lead to increased red blood cell production D) They transport nutrients. to compensate for lower oxygen levels. 35) How does the presence of stomata on the underside of leaves B) It will decrease carbon dioxide levels. benefit plants in hot, dry environments? C) It will enhance oxygen transport. A) It enhances photosynthesis. D) It will have no impact. B) It increases water loss. 46) How does the process of countercurrent exchange in fish gills C) It limits gas exchange. maximize oxygen uptake? D) It reduces water loss by minimizing exposure to A) It increases water flow. direct sunlight. B) It maintains a gradient that allows for efficient 36) In what ways can environmental factors such as temperature oxygen diffusion. and humidity affect the rate of transpiration in plants? C) It reduces blood flow. A) Environmental factors have no effect on transpiration. D) It reduces oxygen levels. B) Higher temperatures and higher humidity decrease 47) Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? the rate of transpiration. A) Arteries C) Higher temperatures and lower humidity increase B) Capillaries the rate of transpiration. C) Lymph vessels D) Lower temperatures and higher humidity increase the D) Veins rate of transpiration. 48) What is the main component of blood that carries oxygen to the body's tissues? A) Plasma B) Platelets C) Red blood cells D) White blood cells 49) Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest 11. Which type of immune response occurs when plant cells thicken of the body? their cell walls and produce antimicrobial compounds? A) Left atrium a) Hypersensitive response B) Left ventricle b) Hormonal response C) Right atrium c) Negative feedback D) Right ventricle d) Positive feedback 50) What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system? 12. What happens during apoptosis in plant immune defense? A) To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and gases a) Pathogens are killed by antibodies between blood and tissues b) Infected cells self-destruct B) To produce blood cells c) Nutrients are redirected to other cells C) To store blood d) The plant produces new leaves D) To transport blood to the heart 13. In animals, which cells are primarily responsible for identifying SUMMATIVE #2 and fighting foreign bodies? a) Red blood cells 1. Which structure in terrestrial animals helps maintain water balance b) Lymphocytes by filtering blood and forming urine? c) Platelets a) Lungs d) Neurons b) Kidneys c) Stomach 14. Why don't plants have a circulatory system like animals? d) Skin a) They use roots to transport nutrients b) Each cell defends itself independently 2. A freshwater fish has water continuously diffusing into its body. c) They rely on photosynthesis for all defense How does it maintain ion balance? al By absorbing lons through d) They do not face pathogens active transport a) By absorbing ions through active transport 15. A vaccine works by: b) By drinking large amounts of water a) Introducing dead or weakened pathogens c) By secreting urea through skin b) Removing toxins from the body d) By releasing more water through gills c) Preventing the entry of all pathogens d) Killing existing infections 3. What happens to a plant when it loses more water than it absorbs? a) Photosynthesis increases 16.How does a Venus flytrap respond when touched by an insect? b) Stomata open widely a) Phototropism c) Wilting occurs b) Hydrotropism d) Growth rate accelerates c) Mechanical stimulation d) Chemical signaling 4. During hot weather, human sweat production increases. This is an example of. 17. Which sensory organ in animals detects changes in blood a) Positive feedback pressure? b) Regulation of body fluids a) Retina c) Gas exchange mechanism b) Baroreceptors d) Negative feedback c) Hypothalamus d) Olfactory bulb 5. Marine vertebrates minimize water loss by: a) Excreting high concentrations of salts 18. Which plant response is involved when roots grow downward in b) Actively drinking seawater response to gravity? c) Lowering their blood salt levels a) Positive geotropism d) Stopping urine production b) Negative geotropism c) Olfactory bulb 6. What is the primary function of hormones in animals? d) Thigmotropism a) Transport oxygen b) Digest food 19. Which part of the human brain controls homeostasis and c) Regulate bodily functions temperature regulation? d) Absorb nutrients a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum 7. Plants bend toward a light source due to: c) Hypothalamus a) Thigmotropism d) Medulla oblongata b) Phototropism c) Hydrotropism 20. An increase in carbon dioxide levels during exercise causes: d) Geotropism a) Decreased respiration rate b) Increased heart rate 8. Which plant structure serves as a communication network similar c) Lower oxygen intake to nerves in animals? d) Reduced blood pressure a) Xylem and phloem b) Stomata 21. A plant exposed to sunlight on only one side will: c) Chloroplasts a) Grow evenly in all directions d) Root hairs b) Move leaves away from the light c) Bend toward the light 9. A person touches a hot object and immediately pulls their hand d) Stop photosynthesis away. What type of mechanism caused this reaction? a) Chemical control 22. Sweating and shivering are mechanisms that help regulate: b) Reflex action a) Body fluid levels c) Root hairs b) Gas exchange d) Tropism c) Body temperature d) Blood pressure 10. Which of the following triggers insulin release in the body? a) Low blood glucose levels 23.What type of feedback mechanism enhances a process rather b) High blood glucose levels than reversing it? c) Increased oxygen concentration a) Negative feedback d) Low blood pressure b) Positive feedback c) Immune response d) Reflex action 24. A marathon runner collapses due to dehydration. What likely caused this? a) Overproduction of insulin b) Excessive water loss through sweat c) Low oxygen levels d) High blood pressure 25. Which sensory receptor detects light? a) Mechanoreceptors b) Photoreceptors c) Chemoreceptors d) Thermoreceptors 26. Why do plants close their stomata during dry conditions? a) To capture more sunlight b) To reduce water loss c) To allow more oxygen in d) To prevent pathogen entry 27.During childbirth, oxytocin release is an example of: a) Positive feedback b) Negative feedback c) Reflex response d) Immune response 28. Which organ system in humans maintains glucose balance? a) Nervous system b) Endocrine system c) Circulatory system d) Immune system 29.In plants, the hormone auxin is responsible for: a) Root growth toward water b) Tropisms such as bending toward light c) Closing stomata in heat d) Flower production 30. A change in pH during intense exercise triggers: a) Increased insulin production b) A drop in blood pressure c) Faster breathing and heart rate d) Slower oxygen delivery