Philosophy PDF - Topic Outline

PHILOSOPHY Credits: FLORES,RALPH DAVE - DE GUZMAN, YASNAYA 11 - Descartes (Updated as of 08-17-2024) “no man ever steps in PHILOSOPHY...

PHILOSOPHY Credits: FLORES,RALPH DAVE - DE GUZMAN, YASNAYA 11 - Descartes (Updated as of 08-17-2024) “no man ever steps in PHILOSOPHY the same river twice” TOPIC OUTLINE 1 Introduction to Philosophy 2 Ancient Greek Philosophers 3 Partially and Holistic thinking DEMOCRITUS Study the causes of 4 Why Is There A Need To Philosophize natural phenomena 5 Branches Of Philosophy Of Which Deals With First to proposed that A Particular Aspect Of Life Or Phenomena matter is composed 6 Truth & Knowledge of atoms 7 How Does One Engage In Reflection ? 8 What Are The Practical Uses Of Philosophy In Our Lives? DIOGENES OF Known advocate of 1. seet INTRODUCTION SINOPE living a simple and Philosophy Study or discipline that uses virtuous life human reason to investigate the One should not only talk of virtue but ultimate causes, reasons and should show it in principles which govern all things. words and actions People who engage in philosophy Develop the schools are called philosophers. of philosophy such as Philos Greek word of “Love” cynicism and stoicism Sophia Greek word of “Wisdom” EPICURUS He believed that philosophy could 2. ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS enable man to live in PHYTAGORAS Mathematician and happiness scientist credited for Epicureanism – formulating the wisdom and simple Pythagorean life will result to life Theorem, Established free of fear and pain a community of SOCRATES Considered as the learners who were foremost philosopher devoted to the study of ancient times. of religion and Believed that philosophy. philosophy could HERACLITUS Proposed that enable man to live a everything that exists life of virtue. is based on higher Socratic method – a order or plan which series of questions he called logos. that let the learner Change is permanent. PHILOSOPHY Credits: FLORES,RALPH DAVE - DE GUZMAN, YASNAYA 11 - Descartes (Updated as of 08-17-2024) examine and analyze without even his knowledge clarifying if this is PLATO His teachings true or not. foundation of western Holistic Refers to perspective that philosophy Thinking considers large –scale Most significant ideas pattern in system. included the theory ○ Requires an of forms individual to have Known for dialectic a an open mindset method of opposing and an ability to ideas to arrive at new get the general knowledge sense or ARISTOTLE Student of plato impression of a Ideas and views situation. based on perception ○ Every day in the and reality are based morning we should on what we perceive spend half hour on and sense. body and mind. Gave rise to ○ It will make the Deductive reasoning whole day nice - process by which and wise. specific statements ○ It will also give are analyzed to reach food for the conclusion and thoughts. generalization 4. WHY IS THERE A NEED TO PHILOSOPHIZE? 3. PARTIAL AND HOLISTIC THINKING Sense of Man’s overbounding Partial Focuses on specific wonder curiosity drives him to ask Thinking aspects of situation. question , some of which It is an important have no definite answers component of analytical ○ Where did we thinking, as an individual come from? focuses on certain aspects ○ Why do we exist ? of the problem to ○ For what purpose understand it. were we created ? ○ A single father Doubt 15th century French scolds his son philosopher Rene because his Descartes traced the favorite only need to philosophize to daughter accused DOUBT. his brother of Famous for rejecting or stealing her questioning established money and he ideas. believed her PHILOSOPHY Credits: FLORES,RALPH DAVE - DE GUZMAN, YASNAYA 11 - Descartes (Updated as of 08-17-2024) Scientific ideas must be ○ Bicycle has two tested and verified before wheels it is accepted as TRUTH. ○ Ram is riding a Experience 20th century bicycle Swiss-German ○ Ram is riding on philosopher Karl Jaspers two wheels saw the need to ○ (explanation) the philosophize because of premises are true experience. and so is the Man is often confronted by conclusion experiences which Epistomolo Discusses the nature of challenge his ideas and gy knowledge framework called limit ○ John knows that situations there are cows in his friend Frank’s field. Feeling of helplessness, This can reasonably anxiety, or dread be considered Love of To love wisdom is to have something that john Wisdom insatiable desire for truth knows. Socrates “ I know what I ○ He believe it to be do not know.” true ( belief) “ The unexamined life is ○ There really are not worth living,” cows in the field (truth) Framework – A way of ○ John saw cows in thinking about the world the fiel as he was and composed of the driving up to Frank’s beliefs and views of farm (justification) person Ethics The branch which deals Internal questions - can with moral questions and be addressed using your dilemmas. own personal framework Ethics covers the following External questions – seek dilemmas : to question the framework ○ How to live a good upon which people base life their own beliefs and ○ Our rights and views responsibilities ○ The language of 5. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY OF WHICH right and wrong DEALS WITH A PARTICULAR ASPECT OF ○ Moral decisions : LIFE OR PHENOMENA what is right and Aesthetic philosophy which deals wrong with beauty and what Political Studies government and makes things “beautiful”. Philosophy deals with question of Logic Philosophy that deals with justice, power and the correct reasoning PHILOSOPHY Credits: FLORES,RALPH DAVE - DE GUZMAN, YASNAYA 11 - Descartes (Updated as of 08-17-2024) rights and obligations of ○ The theological citizens. view of man ○ Liberalism: A general belief in 6. TRUTH & KNOWLEDGE freedom socially THE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING and CONCEPT STATEMENTS ARE TRUE? economically. OF TRUTH: ○ The sun is the ○ Socialism: Left center of the solar leaning view that system. sees human as ○ God made the intrinsically social world in seven and wealth days should be shared. ○ A person must ○ Marxism: More always consider communal means the interest of his of wealth rather or her family than before his or her redistribution. own happiness. ○ Conservatism: A Knowledge Clear awareness and favor for organic understanding of society and something change and to ○ I know that …………… conserve certain ○ I know why ……………. values ○ I know how ………….. ○ Anarchism: anti-state theory 7. HOW DOES ONE ENGAGE IN REFLECTION ? Metaphysic Branch of philosophy that Propositions - Statement about the s deals with questions world that may or may not carry the regarding reality and truth. existence. Reflection requires a person to be willing ○ What is reality? to examines one’s thought, feelings and ○ Are humans being action endowed with immortal souls 8. WHAT ARE THE PRACTICAL USES OF ○ Is there free will PHILOSOPHY IN OUR LIVES? Philosophy Area of philosophy that Philosophy enables us a person to Of the understands the human engage in critical analysis and human person from philosophical interpretation of concepts, definitions, person perspective. arguments and problems. Three perspective on the Philosophy also improves problem human person: solving and decision making. ○ The scientific view A good philosopher is a good of man communicator who can clearly ○ The philosophical adequately present his or her ideas. view of man PHILOSOPHY Credits: FLORES,RALPH DAVE - DE GUZMAN, YASNAYA 11 - Descartes (Updated as of 08-17-2024) Philosophy can contribute to self-development.