Language and Communication PDF

LESSON 1: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Origin of Language Two of the more popular hypotheses (beliefs) concerning the origin of language are: 1. The Divine Creation Hypothesis 2. The Natural Evolution Hypothesis (Academic Studio, 2022) Every language has its own beauty and miracle. The Towe...

LESSON 1: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Origin of Language Two of the more popular hypotheses (beliefs) concerning the origin of language are: 1. The Divine Creation Hypothesis 2. The Natural Evolution Hypothesis (Academic Studio, 2022) Every language has its own beauty and miracle. The Tower of Babel Built by the people. God destroyed it. People scattered. So did the languages Noam Chomsky “Language is a process of free creation; its laws and principles are fixed, but the manner in which the principles of generation are used is free and infinitely varied. Even the interpretation and use of words involves a process of free creation.” Characteristics of Language Other specific characteristics of language include: Language is a means of communication. Language is a discrete symbolic system. Language is human. Language is a form of social behavior. Language is arbitrary. Language is dynamic. Language is innate. Language is universal. The Power of Language Former Russian satellite countries Estonia and Latvia have made fluency in Estonian and Latvian, respectively, a requirement of citizenship, thus creating a potential problem for millions of Russian-speaking citizens who have lived in these countries for years. An Amsterdam city councilor proposed a law mandating that Dutch be spoken in Islamic mosques in his city, even though the traditional language of Islam is Arabic.  Members of the Israeli Parliament (Knesset) boycotted a speech given in German by former German President Kohler, insisting that German should not be spoken in the Knesset as long as there are Holocaust survivors living. The European Esperanto Union has indicated a new trend in the international labor market: advertisements for many jobs in Europe seek only applicants whose mother tongue is English. The Executive Branch of the US government has directed all federal departments and agencies to use “plain language” to make the government more accessible and understandable in its communications with the public. Language and Communication Language is foremost a means of communication, and communication almost always takes place within some sort of social context. Social context is a major factor that drives our language choices. Idiolect Refers to a person’s use of language within a particular context. Think about your own idiolect and consider the ways in which it changes over the course of your day, depending on the needs of your communication contexts. Language and Identity Each community, just like each individual, has its own language that expresses the ideas, values, and attitudes of its members. Language Community A particular group of language users who share the use of a specific language adapted to fit their needs. It is also identified by geographical region as well. Language Language is a rule-based system of signs. Language rules are conventions. Conventions The unspoken, unofficial rules within a particular community that are accepted and followed by members who may not even be aware of them. Language Signs The basic convention of any language community is the acceptance of a set of signs that convey meaning. These signs could be sounds or words or punctuation marks on a page or even silence in a conversation; any of these things is able to carry meaning. Levels: 1. Signs indicate the phonic, graphic, or visual elements — the physical medium that gives a language form. 2. Signs portray the message itself, which indicates a particular meaning. Types of Signs Arbitrary Sign: Doesn’t possess any inherent connection with its meaning. Culture-specific meaning Learned meaning (e.g., "snake") Iconic Sign: Works on a visual or auditory level to convey its meaning immediately. Universal meaning Obvious meaning Fluency in Language - Knowing a language means: Being able to use it in everyday situations like speaking, understanding, reading, or writing (practical use). (eg. “My favorite color is green”) - Having knowledge of how the language works means: means understanding how the language works, such as its grammar rules, sentence structure, and pronunciation patterns. (eg. “Favorite” is an adjective) Word Systems Knowing the language means being able to use it practically. Having knowledge of the language means understanding its mechanisms. Example: "Krip" + "(s)" = Krips "Do you have krips?" "Where are my krips?" Sentence Structures Native speakers know how to construct sentences and intuitively recognize when a sentence sounds “wrong.” Note that constructing sentences goes beyond just putting strings of words together Example: “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.” Sound Systems Knowing a language means speakers know how to produce sounds in their native languages and understand which sounds are meaningful and which are not. Context Being fluent means using language in appropriate ways within particular social contexts. Our ability to use language in this way is called our communicative competence. Theories of Language Theory Central Idea Proponent Behaviorist Children imitate adults. Their correct utterances are Skinner reinforced when they get what they want or are praised. Innateness A child’s brain contains special language-learning Chomsky mechanisms at birth. Cognitive Language is one aspect of a child’s overall intellectual Piaget development. Interaction This theory emphasizes the interaction between children and Bruner their caregivers. Behaviorism Behaviorist: Say What I Say J Watson, B.F. Skinner, Thorndike Popular in US in the 1940s and 1950s Only applicable to verbal behavior Conditioning = learned Learning are the establishment of reinforcement Habit formation Innatism Innatist: It’s all in your mind Noam Chomsky Children are biologically programmed to acquire language Children use language in other ways than what they heard Cognitism Piaget Sensorimotor Stage Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Interactionism Interactionist/Development Perspectives: Learning from the inside and out Need more focus on the developmental process of language acquisition Emphasize relationship betwee cognitive development and language acquisition LESSON 2: COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION “Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.”(Maxwell, 2015) FACE MODEL FOR CRITICAL THINGKING In 2007, Gepila et al. launched the use of the FACE Model of Instructions for Critical thinking It is an instructional model that maybe incorporated for the virtual classes to get the students thinking even in doing their online tasks What is FACE Model of Instruction? F stands for familiarize A stands for analyze C stands for conceptualize E stands for enrich Example: Saki and Hayley discuss funny high school experiences. A language misunderstanding leads Saki to explain his intent to "love" Hayley, not "rub" or "rob" her. What is Communication? Communication is a systematic process in which individuals interact with through symbols to create and interpret meanings (Wood, 2004). Nature of Communication 1. Adjust the Climate 2. Choose Your Channel 3. Eliminate Static 4. Tune in Nature of Communication: Adjust the Climate What is a Communication Climate? It is the emotional tone of relationsip between people It is a basic skill that influences the effectiveness of communication in all contexts - Work teams - Social relationships Types of Communication Climate: Positive (Confirming messages) Negative (Disconfirming messages) Nature of Communication: Choose your Channel Steps: 1. Identify what kind of message you’re sending 2. Consider culture around communication 3. Pick a delivery method based on your audience Consider the following questions. Is the channel appropriate? Will the target audience find the channel credible and accessible? Does the channel fit the program purpose? Is the channel feasible Nature of Communication: Eliminate Static ‘STATIC’ in communication is when a speaker’s body language, voice/vocals and content are not in alignment. Aligning your body language with your words. Nature of Communication How do we ensure we are communicating effectively? 7 Ways to Fine-tune Your Communication Skills 1. It’s Not All About You 2. Don’t Be Monotonw 3. Have Assertive Posture 4. Learn to Say “No” Directly 5. Be Concise, Even Online 6. Your Body Language Counts 7. Check Yourself Verbal and non verbal messages? Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Oral Spoken Language Laughing, Crying, Coughing.. Non Oral Written/Sign Language Gestures, Body Language.. Verbal Messages in Communication Connotative meaning is an emotions or personal response to a word. Denotative meaning is what you will find in a dictionary. DIFFERENCES IN MEANING OF MESSAGES Not all words mean the same thing to all people. CHANGES IN LANGUAGE FOR COMMUNICATION Language is always changing Every language is dynamic, in other words, it keeps changing, either in response to the needs of its speakers, or just as the natural effect of many people using it everyday. Examples of obsolete words Melodist singer Naught nothing Circa year Out of doors abroad Brabble fight Fudgel pretender Nonverbal Messages in Communication Nonverbal messages use to express your ideas and emotions without using words. It is also made up of tone of voice, body language, gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, and proximity (distance). Following are the ways in which we can communicate nonverbally. Posture is the position in which you hold your body while standing, sitting or lying down. Eye Contact (Oculesics) - this is one way to show interest or sincerity. Grayling is different from staring and so we have to be careful when using these two in different situations. Gestures - these are hand movement used to emphasize a point Proximity - this is the distance of the message sender to the receiver Tone - this includes the pitch, volume, and inflection of your voice How Nonverbal Communication can go Wrong? Arlene - is attractive and has no problem meeting eligible men, but she has a difficult time maintaining a relationship for longer than a few months. Arlene is funny and interesting, but even though she constantly laughs and smiles, she radiates tension. Her shoulders and eyebrows are noticeably raised, her voice is shrill, and her body is stiff. Being around Arlene makes many people feel anxious and uncomfortable. Arlene has a lot going for her that is undercut by the discomfort she evokes in others. Ted - thought he had found the perfect match when he met Sharon, but Sharon wasn’t so sure. Ted is good looking, hardworking, and a smooth talker, but seemed to care more about his thoughts than Sharon’s. When Sharon had something to say, Ted was always ready with wild eyes and a rebuttal before she could finish her thought. This made Sharon feel ignored, and soon she started dating other men. Ted loses out at work for the same reason. His inability to listen to others makes him unpopular with many of the people he most admires. Jack - believes he gets along great with his colleagues at work, but if you were to ask any of them, they would say that Jack is “intimidating” and “very intense. ” Rather than just look at you, he seems to devour you with his eyes. And if he takes your hand, he lunges to get it and then squeezes so hard it hurts. Jack is a caring guy who secretly wishes he had more friends, but his nonverbal awkwardness keeps people at a distance and limits his ability to advance at work. HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS? Improving Your Communication Skills 3 Key Areas for Improvement: 1. Listening 2. Non-verbal Communication 3. Emotional Awareness Understanding Nonverbal Communication It’s what you don’t say that counts! Learn to read and influence people through nonverbal communication. Emotional Awareness - Recognize which emotions you are feeling. - Become aware of the connection between your feelings, thoughts and actions. - Recognize how feelings affect performance. - Guided by values. GLOBALIZATION Brief History of Globalization and Communication 1830’s The telegraph - electric communication via transatlantic underwater cables 1843 - Washington and Baltimore connected 1865 - Britain and India connected 1870s - Europe linked to large parts of the world 1924 - King George V sent a message that circulated the globe in 80 secs. 19th Century: The emergence of global news networks 1. News over large territories 2. Global in scope 3. Reached big audiences 19th Century Electromagnetic waves The emergence of organizations with the mission to disseminate radio frequencies Dimensions of Globalizations Cultural Social Political Economic Impact of Globalization on Cummunication Virtual interaction Cultural awareness Time difference Other aspects Use of Social Media (Richman) Communication Cause Support Competitions Communicative research Connection Client Service Community Service  UNIT 2: COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY Lesson 1: Our Roles In The Emerging Importance Of Technology In Our Lives Technology It has transformed the once big and far world into a tiny global village. Positive and Negative Impacts of Technology on Communication Positive - Speed - Accessibilty - Convenience - Globalization Negative - Impact on Interpersonal Communication - Effect on Nonverbal Communication - Connection - Reduced Social Interactions - Has led to Many Addictions - Malicious Motives Use the technological means of communication for sane purposes, and don’t abuse them for alicious motives. DONE tapos na ako ege