Language Origins and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

Which hypothesis suggests that language originated from a divine source?

  • Social Interaction Hypothesis
  • Divine Creation Hypothesis (correct)
  • Symbolic Representation Hypothesis
  • Natural Evolution Hypothesis

    • Noam Chomsky believes language is solely determined by fixed laws and principles.

    False

    What term refers to a person's individualized use of language in a specific context?

    idiolect

    Language is described as ________ because it evolves and changes over time.

    <p>dynamic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics of language to their descriptions:

    <p>Arbitrary = The connection between sign and meaning is based on convention. Universal = Language can be found in all human societies. Symbolic = Language uses symbols to represent ideas. Innate = Language ability is natural to humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What language policy was enforced in Estonia and Latvia regarding citizenship?

    <p>Making fluency in Estonian and Latvian a requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Power of Language section suggests that language has no impact on social behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used when communication takes place within a specific social context?

    <p>social context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'A' in the FACE Model of Instruction stand for?

    <p>Analyze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A positive communication climate includes disconfirming messages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of eliminating static in communication?

    <p>To ensure alignment between body language, voice, and content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the FACE Model of Instruction, 'F' stands for __________.

    <p>familiarize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of communication with its description:

    <p>Verbal Communication = Oral and Written forms of communication Nonverbal Communication = Communication without words Connotative Meaning = Emotional response to a word Communication Climate = Emotional tone of relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way to fine-tune communication skills?

    <p>Ignore feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choosing the right delivery method is important for effective communication.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a systematic process in which individuals interact through symbols to create and interpret meanings called?

    <p>Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory posits that children imitate adults and are reinforced for their correct utterances?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Interactionist theory focuses primarily on the cognitive development of children.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the idea that children are biologically programmed to acquire language?

    <p>Noam Chomsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the ____ stage of cognitive development, children start to think logically about concrete events.

    <p>Concrete Operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following theories with their proponents:

    <p>Behaviorism = Skinner Innatism = Chomsky Cognitism = Piaget Interactionism = Bruner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an innate characteristic in language learning?

    <p>Biological programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The FACE model for critical thinking was introduced in 2007 by Gepila et al.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'communicative competence' in language use?

    <p>Using language appropriately in social contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jack's main issue that affects his relationships with others?

    <p>He is intimidating with his nonverbal cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jack is aware that his nonverbal communication skills are lacking.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one key area for improvement in communication skills mentioned in the content.

    <p>Listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The telegraph was a significant advancement in _____ communication.

    <p>electric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following developments with their years:

    <p>Telegraph connected Washington and Baltimore = 1843 King George V's message = 1924 Britain and India connected = 1865 Europe linked to large parts of the world = 1870s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a dimension of globalization?

    <p>Technological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virtual interaction has no impact on modern communication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional aspect does emotional awareness help individuals recognize?

    <p>The connection between feelings, thoughts, and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a language community?

    <p>A group of language users who share a specific language adapted to their needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An arbitrary sign has an inherent connection to its meaning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic elements that signs can indicate in a language?

    <p>Phonic, graphic, or visual elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sign that works on a visual or auditory level to convey its meaning is known as an ______ sign.

    <p>iconic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of sign with its definition:

    <p>Arbitrary Sign = Does not possess any inherent connection with its meaning Iconic Sign = Conveys meaning immediately through visual or auditory representation Fluency = Ability to use the language in everyday situations Knowledge of language = Understanding the grammar rules and sentence structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes 'fluency in language'?

    <p>Being able to use a language practically in everyday situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conventions within a community are official rules that everyone must follow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does having knowledge of a language involve?

    <p>Understanding its grammar rules, sentence structure, and pronunciation patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the literal meaning of a word found in a dictionary?

    <p>Denotative meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Language remains static and does not change over time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two examples of obsolete words.

    <p>Melodist, Naught</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nonverbal messages include body language, gestures, and __________.

    <p>eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their nonverbal communication issue:

    <p>Arlene = Radiates tension despite being funny and interesting Ted = Ignores others' thoughts while talking Sharon = Feels ignored in conversations Both Arlene and Ted = Struggle with maintaining relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gestures in nonverbal communication?

    <p>To emphasize a point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The distance between the sender and receiver in communication is known as proximity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Oculesics' refer to?

    <p>Eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Origin of Language

    • Two popular hypotheses: Divine Creation and Natural Evolution
    • Every language is unique and beautiful

    The Tower of Babel

    • Built by people
    • Destroyed by God
    • People scattered, as did languages

    Noam Chomsky

    • Language is a process of free creation
    • Rules are fixed, but the application is free and varied
    • Interpretation and use of words involve free creation

    Characteristics of Language

    • Means of communication
    • Discrete symbolic system
    • Human activity
    • Form of social behavior
    • Arbitrary
    • Dynamic
    • Innate
    • Universal

    The Power of Language

    • Estonia and Latvia require fluency in their native languages for citizenship, creating issues for Russian speakers
    • A Dutch city councilor proposed mandating Dutch in Islamic mosques, although Arabic is the traditional language

    Language and Communication

    • Language is primarily communication within a social context
    • Social context influences language choices

    Idiolect

    • A person's specific language use in a particular context
    • Changes throughout the day based on communication needs

    Language and Identity

    • Each community and individual has a language reflecting their specific values and attitudes

    Language Community

    • Group of language users sharing a particular language adapted to their needs
    • Often defined by geographical region

    Language

    • Rule-based system of signs
    • Language rules are conventions

    Conventions

    • Unspoken community rules
    • Often followed without awareness

    Language Signs

    • Language communities accept a set of signs for conveying meaning
    • Signs can be sounds, words, punctuation, or even silence
    • Two levels: physical elements of the language, and message itself

    Types of Signs

    • Arbitrary: no inherent connection with its meaning
    • Iconic: conveys meaning immediately at the visual or auditory level (usually universal and obvious)

    Fluency in Language

    • Ability to use language in daily life (speaking, reading, writing, and understanding)
    • Understanding how language works (grammar, structure, pronunciation)
    • Practical use of the language

    Word Systems

    • Practical use of language
    • Understanding the mechanisms of language

    Sentence Structures

    • Native speakers intuitively understand correct sentence construction
    • Beyond simply stringing words together

    Sound Systems

    • Accurate production of native language sounds
    • Understanding meaningful and meaningless sounds

    Context

    • Using language appropriately in specific social situations
    • Communicative competence is using language appropriately

    Theories of Language

    • Behaviorist: Children imitate adults; correct utterances are reinforced
    • Innatist: Children have innate language-learning mechanisms
    • Cognitive: Language is part of overall intellectual development
    • Interactionist: Interaction with caregivers is critical

    Behaviorism

    • J. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Thorndike
    • Popular in the 1940s-1950s in the US
    • Only applicable to verbal behavior
    • Learning is reinforcement and habit formation

    Innatism

    • Noam Chomsky
    • Children biologically programmed to acquire language

    Cognitivism

    • Piaget
    • Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages

    Interactionism

    • Focus on language acquisition's developmental process
    • Emphasizes relationship between cognitive development and language acquisition

    Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

    • Verbal: Spoken and written language
    • Nonverbal: Body language, facial expressions, tone of voice, proximity

    Differences in Meaning

    • Not all words mean the same thing to everyone
    • Language constantly changes

    Examples of Obsolete Terms

    • Melodist (singer)
    • Naught (nothing)
    • Circa (year)
    • Out of doors (abroad)
    • Brable (fight), Fudgel (pretender)

    Nonverbal Messages

    • Communicate ideas and emotions without words
    • Include tone, body language, gestures, eye contact, and proximity

    Following communication ways

    • Posture
    • Eye contact
    • Gestures
    • Proximity
    • Tone

    How communication can go wrong

    • Arlene - difficult time maintaining relationships due to anxious nonverbal cues; rapid speech and uncomfortable body posture
    • Ted - unable to listen to others effectively because of rapid responses before others can finish; discomfort to listeners
    • Jack- intimidating demeanor due to intense eye contact, grabbing and squeezing hands; creates distance between him and others

    Improving Nonverbal Communication Skills

    • Focus on active listening
    • Increase awareness of nonverbal communication
    • Develop emotional awareness and understanding

    Globalization and Communication

    • Brief history of global communication: telegraph, underwater cables, and advancements
    • 1924: King George V short message that circulated the globe in 80 seconds
    • Emergence of global news networks

    Dimensions of Globalization

    • Cultural
    • Social
    • Political
    • Economic

    Impact of Globalization on Communication

    • Virtual interactions
    • Cultural awareness
    • Time difference

    Use of Social Media

    • Communication
    • Cause support
    • Competitions
    • Research
    • Connection
    • Client service
    • Community service

    Technology and Communication

    • Technology transformed communication from global to local
    • Positive impacts: speed, accessibility, convenience, globalization
    • Negative impacts: impact on interpersonal communication; effect on nonverbal communication, reduced social interaction, addiction

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    Language and Communication PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating hypotheses about the origin of language, including Divine Creation and Natural Evolution. Delve into the characteristics that make language a unique form of human communication and the implications of language in social contexts. This quiz covers aspects from Noam Chomsky's theories to contemporary issues surrounding language use.

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