PSYC226 Chapter 8 Part 2 Lecture Notes PDF

Chapter 8 part 2 Lecture Notes 3/29/24 Social Influence: Two Types  Informational function of social influence –  Public compliance and private acceptance Normative function of social influence – Public compliance without private acceptance Which of the three lines on the right are closest in leng...

Chapter 8 part 2 Lecture Notes 3/29/24 Social Influence: Two Types  Informational function of social influence –  Public compliance and private acceptance Normative function of social influence – Public compliance without private acceptance Which of the three lines on the right are closest in length to the line on the left?  Asch Line Judgment Studies  75% conformed at least once 7% on all trials Average person conformed on 33% of the trials Normative Function of Social Influence    1 Asch: Experimental Variations   The role of majority size three or larger have an equal effect. Non-unanimous majorities – – –     The presence of a “true partner” (10.4% conformity) A unanimous majority of three is more effective than a 7–1 split majority. Withdrawal of a “true partner” increase conformity dramatically Difficulty and clarity of task Status Importance of Group Cultural differences Original Milgram Study (1963) Location: Yale University Experimenter Participants: Men diverse in age, socioeconomic status Learner (confederate) Teacher (participant) Time Lapse of Study Voltage Learner behavior % of Teachers who continue to obey Up to 150 “It hurts!” 150-180 “heart trouble”; refuses to go on; demands to be released drops to 80% 180-270 Cries out in increased intensity; at 270: agonized scream stays at 80% 270-365 (Note: at 300 refuses to answer) drops to 65% 365-450 Silent stays at 65% 100% 2 Explanations for the Obedience Findings But he seems to be in pain. Is he in danger? Conflicting Norms 1. – – Normative social influence Conforming to wrong norm Please continue. The experiment requires that you continue. It is absolutely essential that you continue. You have no other choice; you must go on 2. Self-Enhancement Motivation Most subjects seemed quite concerned about the appearance they were making before the experimenter, and one could argue that this preoccupation in a relatively new and strange setting made the subjects somewhat insensitive to the triadic nature of the social situation. The subjects were so concerned about the show they were putting on for the experimenter that influences from other parts of the social field did not receive much weight. (Milgram, 1974) Explanations for the Obedience Findings (cont.) 3. Informational Social Influence 4. Self-Justification - Foot-in-the-door technique 5. Personal Responsibility 6. Dehumanization 7. Personality? Yes (self-esteem; authoritarianism), but situation overpowers influence of personality Summary of Some Milgram Replications Version Mean Shock Level % Giving Maximum Learner heard protesting (movie version) 375 65% Learner in same room 300 40% Teacher puts Learner’s hand on shock plate 270 30% Learner states that he’ll do study only if let out when he wants to be 315 40% Done in working-class neighborhood of Bridgeport, CT 315 48% Experimenter gave study instructions via telephone [info not available] 21% Non-conforming confederate doing task [info not avail.] 10% Participant selects level of shock 90 3% 3 For More Information about Milgram  Milgram Website –  http://www.stanleymilgram.com/ Modern-day replication from ABC News Primetime: – http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=611080 9571753386112&ei=ULHGScaVBZKYrALZ5ZTM Cw&q=milgram+experiment&hl=en 4