PSYC 5123 Educational Psychology Lecture 3 PDF

PSYC 5123 Educational Psychology 2023-2024 Term 2 Lecture 3 January 25, 2024 Social and Emotional Development Learning Objective Based on your understanding of a range of perspectives on social, moral, and emotional development, try to explore how the knowledge might be applied within educational co...

PSYC 5123 Educational Psychology 2023-2024 Term 2 Lecture 3 January 25, 2024 Social and Emotional Development Learning Objective Based on your understanding of a range of perspectives on social, moral, and emotional development, try to explore how the knowledge might be applied within educational contexts. Physical Domain Human Development Cognitive Domain Psychosocial Domain Theories about Social and Emotional Development Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Attachment Theory Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory (We covered it in Lecture 1. J) Marcia’s Identity Statuses Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development Prosocial Moral Development Perspective Taking Theory Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Our sense of self is dynamic, developing across the life span over eight stages. With each stage, the individual encounters a psychological crisis brought on by a conflict between the psychological needs of the individual and the demands put upon them by society. Each crisis involves findings a productive positive between two diametric poles. Each stage is characterized by a basic strength and a core pathology. Attachment Theory Attachment An emotional bond with another person. The sense of safety a child feels with particular adults through established relationship. Quality develops according to caregiver’s behavior. Ranges from secure to insecure. Children’s relationships with their caregivers shape their internal working models (Bowlby, 1982). … of how the physical world may be expected to behave, how he himself may be expected to behave, and how each interacts with the other. (p. 354) John Bowlby Attachment Theory Use the “Strange Situation” to observer child attachment Children’s mother leaves them in a playroom and then returns after a short period of time q Anxious/avoidant: no distress as the mother leaves and may avoid the mother upon return q Securely attached: distressed as the mother leaves but easily reassured when she returns q Anxious/Resistant (i.e., anxious/ambivalent): clingy behavior and very distressed as the mother leaves; seeking comfort while simultaneously rejecting the mother upon her return q Disorganized/disoriented: children may appear confused and exhibit a mixture of avoidant and resistant behavior (Main & Solomon, 1986). Mary Ainsworth Marcia’s Identity Statuses Adolescents as they develop along the continuum between role confusion and a coherent sense of identity. James Marcia Marcia’s Identity Statuses Four identity status Identity Diffusion: occurs when an individual lacks a strong sense of who they are and what their aspirations are for the future Identity Foreclosure: reflects a greater sense of direction, but one which is predetermined by others and assumed before alternative possibilities have been explored. Identity Moratorium: reflects a state of exploration where the individual considers and experiments with a range of possibilities before the final stage of identity achievement is reached. Identity Achievement: experienced a crisis, undergone identity explorations and made commitment; from identity diffusion through moratorium to identity achievement. Marcia’s Identity Statuses Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development An understanding of how to behave ethically. Builds on Piaget’s early thoughts on moral development, recognizing that children’s moral reasoning is contingent on their cognitive development. Three levels of moral development Preconventional Conventional Postconventional Lawrence Kohlberg Prosocial Moral Development When someone makes a voluntary act towards another individual which benefits the other person in some way. Nancy Eisenburg The Development of Empathy “Stepping imaginatively into the shoes of another person, understanding their feelings and perspectives, and using that understanding to guide your actions” (Krznaric, 2015) Having both an affective and a cognitive component: having similar feelings to someone else and seeing a situation from that person’s point of view (Demetriou, 2018). The development of empathy is largely due to social and environmental factors. Empathy is an important motivator of prosocial behavior. Perspective Taking Theory Theory of mind is the ability to understand that other people have mental states, which influence their actions and behavior. As children develop their theory of mind, they also begin to look beyond their own point of view and recognize that other people have feelings, thoughts, and beliefs which are dissimilar (or similar) to their own. Robert Selman Perspective Taking Theory Selman proposed a theory outlining how perspective taking ability develops in stages from childhood to adulthood. Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of personality and social psychology, 44(1), 113. Scoring: These are simply added up for the raw score (note that some items are reverse scored) Your score for Perspective Taking: ___ Your score for Empathic Concern:____ Class Activity Stakeholders in Education Stakeholder: “any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives” (Freeman, 2010) What is a stakeholder in education? A stakeholder in education is anyone who has an interest in, or is impacted by, the educational system in some way. Stakeholders in education include both those who are directly involved (such as parents, teachers, and students) and those indirectly impacted (such as government officials and local business leaders) by the success or failure of an educational system. All members of a community are stakeholders in education. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-stakeholder-in-education-definitionexamples.html#:~:text=Stakeholders%20in%20education%20include%20both,communit y%20are%20stakeholders%20in%20education. Researchers Parents Family Media Potential Stakeholders in Education School Community Principals Teachers Students NGO Private Businesses Community Government Local Authority School Board Can stakeholders do something to change the education system better for students’ development? You will be assigned one of the six types of stakeholders and theories. How can I, as a a stakeholder, can advocate for better students' development in social, moral, and emotional development? Your objective is to advocate for better student development in social, moral, or emotional domains. Focus on one theory we learned today. Identify a related problem associated with that type of development from your assigned stakeholder’s perspective. Explore the theory application (critically) in promoting students' social, emotional, or moral development. Voice your advocacy. Class Activity Be Creative! ! Your group will work collaboratively on your topic. You can search online or check the textbook to gather information. You will present your work to your classmates. You aim to teach your audience what the theory is and persuade them about the importance, significance, and urgency of your chosen subject. You should explain how your theory-based approach can have a positive impact on students' short-term and long-term development. If necessary, feel free to design simple slides to support your presentation. Six Theories 1) Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development 2) Attachment Theory 3) Marcia’s Identity Statuses 4) Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development 5) Prosocial Moral Development 6) Perspective Taking Theory Six Types of Stakeholders 1) Parents & Family 2) Media 3) NGO 4) Students 5) Teachers 6) Local Government in Education Next Class Cognitive Development Cognitive Model of Learning