30 Questions
Which theory emphasizes that children's relationships with their caregivers shape their internal working models?
Bowlby's Attachment Theory
In the 'Strange Situation' developed by Ainsworth, what behavior is exhibited by children who are securely attached when their mother returns?
Distressed but easily reassured
What is the behavior of children with an anxious/avoidant attachment style in the 'Strange Situation' experiment?
No distress upon mother leaving and may avoid the mother upon return
Which identity status reflects a predetermined sense of direction assumed before exploring alternative possibilities?
Identity Foreclosure
According to Marcia's Identity Statuses, what occurs when an individual lacks a strong sense of who they are and their aspirations for the future?
Identity Diffusion
What type of behavior is displayed by children with an anxious/resistant attachment style in the 'Strange Situation' experiment?
Clingy behavior seeking comfort
What is the main difference between Identity Moratorium and Identity Achievement?
Identity Moratorium includes identity diffusion, while Identity Achievement requires commitment after exploration.
How does Marcia's concept of Identity Statuses relate to Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
Marcia's stages of identity development are linked to Kohlberg's levels of moral development.
According to Eisenburg, what is an essential aspect of developing empathy?
Feeling similar emotions to those experienced by another person.
How does Prosocial Moral Development differ from regular moral development?
Prosocial moral development involves acting in ways that benefit others, as opposed to self-centered moral actions.
How does Empathy play a role in motivating prosocial behavior?
Empathy helps individuals understand others' perspectives and guides actions towards benefiting others.
What is the main similarity between Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development and Eisenburg's Development of Empathy?
Both theories highlight the significance of social and environmental influences on development.
What is the role of stakeholders in education?
To provide input and support for educational strategies
Who among the following is NOT considered a stakeholder in education?
Doctors
Can stakeholders influence the education system to benefit students' development?
Yes, stakeholders can advocate for changes to improve student development
Which of the following is NOT a potential stakeholder in education?
Real Estate Agents
What is the primary objective of stakeholders advocating for better student development?
To promote students' social, moral, and emotional development
How do stakeholders contribute to students' development in education?
By providing input and support for educational strategies
What is the definition of a stakeholder in education?
Groups or individuals who are impacted by the organization's objectives.
What concept refers to the ability to understand that other people have mental states affecting their actions?
Theory of mind
Who proposed a theory outlining how perspective taking ability develops in stages from childhood to adulthood?
Robert Selman
Which group is NOT considered a stakeholder in education according to the text?
Healthcare professionals
What aspect of individuals does Perspective Taking Theory focus on?
Understanding that others have different mental states
How are stakeholders in education described in the text?
Any group or individual impacted by the educational system.
What is the main focus of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development?
Identity development across eight stages
According to Attachment Theory, what influences the quality of attachment a child forms?
The caregiver's behavior
In Erikson's Theory, what happens at each stage when an individual encounters a psychological crisis?
A conflict arises between individual needs and societal demands
According to Marcia's Identity Statuses, what is the key factor influencing identity development?
Peer interactions and role experimentation
Which theory focuses on the stages of moral development proposed by Kohlberg?
Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development
What is the core aspect of Attachment Theory regarding children?
Emotional bond with another person for safety
Study Notes
Attachment Theory
- Children's relationships with caregivers shape their internal working models (Bowlby, 1982).
- The "Strange Situation" method is used to observe child attachment.
- Four types of attachment styles are observed:
- Anxious/Avoidant: no distress when mother leaves, avoids mother upon return.
- Securely Attached: distressed when mother leaves, easily reassured when she returns.
- Anxious/Resistant (Anxious/Ambivalent): clingy behavior, distressed when mother leaves, seeks comfort while rejecting mother upon return.
- Disorganized/Disoriented: confused, exhibiting avoidant and resistant behavior.
Marcia's Identity Statuses
- Adolescents develop along a continuum between role confusion and a coherent sense of identity.
- Four identity statuses:
- Identity Diffusion: lacks strong sense of self and aspirations.
- Identity Foreclosure: reflects a predetermined sense of direction from others.
- Identity Moratorium: explores possibilities before finalizing identity.
- Identity Achievement: experienced crisis, explored, and made commitments.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Builds on Piaget's work, recognizing moral reasoning contingent on cognitive development.
- Three levels of moral development:
- Preconventional
- Conventional
- Postconventional
Prosocial Moral Development
- Voluntary acts benefiting others.
- Empathy is a key motivator.
- Empathy has affective and cognitive components.
- The development of empathy is largely due to social and environmental factors.
Stakeholders in Education
- Individuals or groups affected by or influencing education outcomes.
- Examples: students, teachers, parents, NGOs, private businesses, government, and local authorities.
Perspective Taking Theory
- Ability to understand others' mental states influencing their actions.
- Children develop theory of mind, recognizing others' feelings, thoughts, and beliefs.
- Robert Selman's theory outlines stages of perspective-taking ability development.
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
- Sense of self develops across eight stages, with each involving a psychological crisis.
- Each stage has a basic strength and core pathology.
- Development is characterized by finding a productive balance between two diametric poles.
Test your understanding of a range of perspectives on social, moral, and emotional development in educational contexts, including theories such as Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and Attachment Theory.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
