PSYC 5123 Educational Psychology Lecture 3 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which theory emphasizes that children's relationships with their caregivers shape their internal working models?

Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory

Bowlby's Attachment Theory (correct)

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

In the 'Strange Situation' developed by Ainsworth, what behavior is exhibited by children who are securely attached when their mother returns?

Avoidant behavior

Confused and disoriented

Distressed but easily reassured (correct)

Clingy behavior

What is the behavior of children with an anxious/avoidant attachment style in the 'Strange Situation' experiment?

Clingy behavior seeking comfort

No distress upon mother leaving and may avoid the mother upon return (correct)

Confused and disoriented behavior

Distressed but easily reassured upon mother's return

Which identity status reflects a predetermined sense of direction assumed before exploring alternative possibilities?

Identity Foreclosure Signup and view all the answers

According to Marcia's Identity Statuses, what occurs when an individual lacks a strong sense of who they are and their aspirations for the future?

Identity Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior is displayed by children with an anxious/resistant attachment style in the 'Strange Situation' experiment?

Clingy behavior seeking comfort Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Identity Moratorium and Identity Achievement?

Identity Moratorium includes identity diffusion, while Identity Achievement requires commitment after exploration. Signup and view all the answers

How does Marcia's concept of Identity Statuses relate to Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

Marcia's stages of identity development are linked to Kohlberg's levels of moral development. Signup and view all the answers

According to Eisenburg, what is an essential aspect of developing empathy?

Feeling similar emotions to those experienced by another person. Signup and view all the answers

How does Prosocial Moral Development differ from regular moral development?

Prosocial moral development involves acting in ways that benefit others, as opposed to self-centered moral actions. Signup and view all the answers

How does Empathy play a role in motivating prosocial behavior?

Empathy helps individuals understand others' perspectives and guides actions towards benefiting others. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main similarity between Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development and Eisenburg's Development of Empathy?

Both theories highlight the significance of social and environmental influences on development. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stakeholders in education?

To provide input and support for educational strategies Signup and view all the answers

Who among the following is NOT considered a stakeholder in education?

Doctors Signup and view all the answers

Can stakeholders influence the education system to benefit students' development?

Yes, stakeholders can advocate for changes to improve student development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential stakeholder in education?

Real Estate Agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of stakeholders advocating for better student development?

To promote students' social, moral, and emotional development Signup and view all the answers

How do stakeholders contribute to students' development in education?

By providing input and support for educational strategies Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a stakeholder in education?

Groups or individuals who are impacted by the organization's objectives. Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to the ability to understand that other people have mental states affecting their actions?

Theory of mind Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed a theory outlining how perspective taking ability develops in stages from childhood to adulthood?

Robert Selman Signup and view all the answers

Which group is NOT considered a stakeholder in education according to the text?

Healthcare professionals Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of individuals does Perspective Taking Theory focus on?

Understanding that others have different mental states Signup and view all the answers

How are stakeholders in education described in the text?

Any group or individual impacted by the educational system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development?

Identity development across eight stages Signup and view all the answers

According to Attachment Theory, what influences the quality of attachment a child forms?

The caregiver's behavior Signup and view all the answers

In Erikson's Theory, what happens at each stage when an individual encounters a psychological crisis?

A conflict arises between individual needs and societal demands Signup and view all the answers

According to Marcia's Identity Statuses, what is the key factor influencing identity development?

Peer interactions and role experimentation Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on the stages of moral development proposed by Kohlberg?

Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development Signup and view all the answers

What is the core aspect of Attachment Theory regarding children?

Emotional bond with another person for safety Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Attachment Theory

Children's relationships with caregivers shape their internal working models (Bowlby, 1982).
The "Strange Situation" method is used to observe child attachment.
Four types of attachment styles are observed:
- Anxious/Avoidant: no distress when mother leaves, avoids mother upon return.
- Securely Attached: distressed when mother leaves, easily reassured when she returns.
- Anxious/Resistant (Anxious/Ambivalent): clingy behavior, distressed when mother leaves, seeks comfort while rejecting mother upon return.
- Disorganized/Disoriented: confused, exhibiting avoidant and resistant behavior.

Marcia's Identity Statuses

Adolescents develop along a continuum between role confusion and a coherent sense of identity.
Four identity statuses:
- Identity Diffusion: lacks strong sense of self and aspirations.
- Identity Foreclosure: reflects a predetermined sense of direction from others.
- Identity Moratorium: explores possibilities before finalizing identity.
- Identity Achievement: experienced crisis, explored, and made commitments.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Builds on Piaget's work, recognizing moral reasoning contingent on cognitive development.
Three levels of moral development:
- Preconventional
- Conventional
- Postconventional

Prosocial Moral Development

Voluntary acts benefiting others.
Empathy is a key motivator.
Empathy has affective and cognitive components.
The development of empathy is largely due to social and environmental factors.

Stakeholders in Education

Individuals or groups affected by or influencing education outcomes.
Examples: students, teachers, parents, NGOs, private businesses, government, and local authorities.

Perspective Taking Theory

Ability to understand others' mental states influencing their actions.
Children develop theory of mind, recognizing others' feelings, thoughts, and beliefs.
Robert Selman's theory outlines stages of perspective-taking ability development.

Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

Sense of self develops across eight stages, with each involving a psychological crisis.
Each stage has a basic strength and core pathology.
Development is characterized by finding a productive balance between two diametric poles.

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Test your understanding of a range of perspectives on social, moral, and emotional development in educational contexts, including theories such as Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and Attachment Theory.