PSY399 Lecture 10 2024 Ethics PDF

5/09/2024 PSYU-X3399 Psychological Science: Putting Theory Into Practice NATIONAL STANDARDS AND CODES OF ETHICAL CONDUCT Wayne Warburton 1...

5/09/2024 PSYU-X3399 Psychological Science: Putting Theory Into Practice NATIONAL STANDARDS AND CODES OF ETHICAL CONDUCT Wayne Warburton 1 Macquarie copyright statement This material is provided to you as a Macquarie University student for your individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has This material is provided to you as licence toa use) the intellectual property in this Macquarie University student for your individual research andmaterial. Legal study purposes only.and/or disciplinary actions You cannot share this may bepublicly material taken if this material is shared without the University’s online without permission. Macquarie written permission. University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 2 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 1  5/09/2024 National Practice Standards For Psychologists the discipline-specific documents that may apply include the Australian Psychological Society's Code of Ethics Ethical and Practice Guidelines and Procedures More broadly there are other standards that apply to psychologists, including the National Practice Standards for the Mental Health Workforce, the Mental Health Act and other relevant laws. 3 Ethical Conduct National Practice Standards for the Mental Health Workforce (13) APS code of ethical conduct (Also Registration Board) Links This material is provided are to you as a in the unit handbook and Macquarie University student for your Leganto individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 4 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 2  5/09/2024 National Practice Standards Standard 1: Rights and responsibilities, safety and privacy Privacy, dignity and confidentiality are maintained, and safety is actively promoted. Mental health practitioners implement legislation, regulations, standards, codes and policies relevant to their role in a way that supports people affected by mental health problems and/or mental illness, as well as their families and carers. 5 National Practice Standards Standard 2: Working with people, families and carers in recovery-focused way In working with people and their families and support networks, mental health practitioners support people to become decision-makers in their own care, implementing the principles of This material is provided to you as a Macquarie University recovery-oriented student for your mental health practice. individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 6 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 3  5/09/2024 National Practice Standards Standard 3: Meeting diverse needs The social, cultural, linguistic, spiritual and gender diversity of people, families and carers are actively and respectfully responded to by mental health practitioners, incorporating those differences into their practice. 7 National Practice Standards Standard 4: Working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, families and communities By working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, families and communities, mental health practitioners This material is providedactively to you as aand respectfully reduce barriers to Macquarie University student for your access, provide culturally secure systems individual research and study purposes only. of care, You cannot share this material and improve social and emotional publicly wellbeing. online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 8 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 4  5/09/2024 National Practice Standards Standard 5: Access Mental health practitioners facilitate timely access to services and provide a high standard of evidence-based assessment that meets the needs of people and their families or carers. 9 National Practice Standards Standard 6: Individual planning To meet the needs, goals and aspirations of people and their families and carers, mental health practitioners facilitate access to and plan quality, evidence-based, values-based health and social care This material is provided to you as a interventions. Macquarie University student for your individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 10 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 5  5/09/2024 National Practice Standards Standard 7: Treatment and support To meet the needs, goals and aspirations of people and their families and carers, mental health practitioners deliver quality, evidence-informed health and social interventions. 11 National Practice Standards Standard 8: Transitions in care On exit from a service or transfer of care, people are actively supported by mental health practitioners through a timely, relevant and structured handover, in order to maximise optimal outcomes and This material is provided to you as a Macquarie University promote wellness. student for your individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 12 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 6  5/09/2024 National Practice Standards Standard 9: Integration and partnership People and their families and carers are recognised by mental health practitioners as being part of a wider community, and mental health services are viewed as one element in a wider service network. Practitioners support the provision of coordinated and integrated care across programs, sites and services. 13 National Practice Standards Standard 10: Quality improvement In collaboration with people with lived experience, families and team members, mental health practitioners take active steps to improve services and mental This material is providedhealth to you aspractices a using quality improvement Macquarie University student for your frameworks. individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 14 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 7  5/09/2024 National Practice Standards Standard 11: Communication and information management A connection and rapport with people with lived experience and colleagues is established by mental health practitioners to build and support effective therapeutic and professional relationships. Practioners maintain a high standard of documentation and use information systems and evaluation to ensure data collection meets clinical, service delivery, monitoring and evaluation needs. 15 National Practice Standards Standard 12: Health promotion and prevention Mental health promotion is an integral part of all mental health work. Mental health practitioners use mental health promotion This material is providedand to youprimary as a prevention principles, and seek Macquarie University student for your to build resilience in communities, groups individual research and study purposes only. and individuals, and prevent or reduce the You cannot share this material publicly impact online without permission. of mental illness. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 16 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 8  5/09/2024 National Practice Standards Standard 13: Ethical practice and professional responsibilities The provision of treatment and care is accountable to people, families and carers, within the boundaries prescribed by national, professional, legal and local codes of conduct and practice. Mental health practitioners recognise the rights of people, carers and families, acknowledging power differentials and minimising them whenever possible. Practitioners take responsibility for maintaining and extending their professional knowledge and skills, including contributing to the learning of others. 17 APS Code of Ethics Adopted September 2007 Now adopted by Psychology Board of Australia Used in conjunction with APS Ethical Guidelines document Belonging This material is provided to you as a to APS or becoming a registered Macquarie University student for your psychologist individual research and study (or intern) commits and binds purposes only. that person You cannot share this material publicly to the code online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 18 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 9  5/09/2024 Some definitions Client means a party or parties to a psychological service involving teaching, supervision, research, and professional practice in psychology. Clients may be individuals, couples, dyads, families, groups of people, organisations, communities, facilitators, sponsors, or those commissioning or paying for the professional activity. 19 Some definitions Conduct means any act or omission by psychologists: that others may reasonably consider to be a psychological service; outside their practice of psychology which casts doubt on their competence and ability to practise as psychologists; outside This material is provided to you astheir a practice of psychology which harms publicfortrust Macquarie University student yourin the discipline or the profession of psychology; individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material in theirpublicly capacity as Members of the Society; as applicable online without permission. Macquarie in the circumstances. University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 20 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 10  5/09/2024 Definitions Multiple relationships occur when a psychologist, rendering a psychological service to a client, also is or has been: (a) in a non-professional relationship with the same client; (b) in a different professional relationship with the same client; (c) in a non-professional relationship with an associated party; or (d) a recipient of a service provided by the same client. 21 Psychological service means any service provided by a psychologist to a client including but not limited to professional activities, psychological activities, professional practice, teaching, This material is provided to you as a supervision, Macquarie University student for your research individual research and study purposespractice, only. professional You cannot share this material publicly services, and online without permission. Macquarie psychological procedures. University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 22 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 11  5/09/2024 General Principle A: Respect for the rights & dignity of people & peoples Psychologists regard people as intrinsically valuable and respect their rights, including the right to autonomy and justice. Psychologists engage in conduct which promotes equity and the protection of people’s human rights, legal rights, and moral rights. They respect the dignity of all people and peoples. 23 General Principle A A1 – Justice – psychologists should not engage in any form of discrimination; A2 – Respect For clients: no behaviours that could be perceived as coercive or demeaning Respects This material is provided to you as a legal & moral rights of others Toward Macquarie University student other colleagues: respectful, for your individual research and study purposes only. professional, You cannot share this material publicly confidential, respect online without permission.proprietary Macquarie rights. University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 24 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 12  5/09/2024 General Principle A A3 Informed Consent Fully inform clients regarding psychological services they intend to provide Use plain language Provides practical guidelines for how a psychologist can ensure consent is informed Guidelines for when clients do not have the capacity to consent 25 General Principle A A4 Privacy No undue invasion of privacy Collect only relevant information No personal information from supervisees or trainees (some exceptions) A5 This material is provided Confidentiality to you as a Take into Macquarie University student for your account legal and organisational individual research and study purposes only. requirements You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 26 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 13  5/09/2024 General Principle A A5 Confidentiality Psychologists safeguard the confidentiality of information obtained during their provision of psychological services. Considering their legal and organisational requirements, psychologists: (a) make provisions for maintaining confidentiality in the collection, recording, accessing, storage, dissemination, and disposal of information; and 27 General Principle A A5 Confidentiality Considering their legal and organisational requirements, psychologists: (b) take reasonable steps to protect the confidentiality of information after they leave a you This material is provided to specific as a work setting, or cease to provide Macquarie University student for your psychological services. individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 28 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 14  5/09/2024 General Principle A A 5.2 Disclosure With consent of client When legally obliged Immediate, specified risk of harm to an identifiable person or persons that can ONLY be averted by disclosure When consulting colleagues or in professional supervision or training BUT MUST conceal identity of client or get consent. Recipients of knowledge must agree to confidentiality 29 General Principle A Psychologists inform clients at the outset of the professional relationship, and as regularly thereafter as is reasonably necessary, of the: (a) limits to confidentiality; and This material is provided to (b) youforeseeable as a uses of the information Macquarie University student for your generated in the course of the individual research and study purposes only. relationship. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 30 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 15  5/09/2024 General Principle A When a standard of this Code allows psychologists to disclose information obtained in the course of the provision of psychological services, they disclose only that information which is necessary to achieve the purpose of the disclosure, and then only to people required to have that information. 31 General Principle A A.6. Release of information to clients Psychologists, with consideration of legislative exceptions and their organisational requirements, do not refuse any reasonable request from clients, or This material is providedformer to you as clients, a to access client information, Macquarie University student for your for which the psychologists have individual research and study purposes only. professional You cannot share this material publicly responsibility. online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 32 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 16  5/09/2024 General Principle A A.7. Collection of client information from associated parties Consent of client or their legal representative Psychologists who work with clients whose capacity to give informed consent is, or may be, impaired or limited, obtain the informed consent of people with legal authority to act on behalf of the client, and attempt to obtain the client’s consent as far as practically possible. Guidelines for how to prepare for and proceed with information collection. 33 General Principle B: Propriety B.1 Competence B.1.1. Psychologists bring and maintain appropriate skills and learning to their areas of professional practice. B.1.2 Practice within boundaries of professional competence and jurisdiction of This material is provided to you as a practice Macquarie University student for your B.1.3 individual research and Professional study purposes only. supervision & consultation B.1.4 publicly You cannot share this material Self monitor professional functioning online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 34 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 17  5/09/2024 General Principle B: Propriety B.2 Record keeping Adequate records Keep for 7 years For clients under 18 keep records till they are 25 Clients and former clients have the right to amend inaccurate information in their records. 35 General Principle B: Propriety B.3 Professional responsibility Psychologists provide psychological services in a responsible manner. Having regard to the nature of the psychological services they are providing, psychologists: (a) act with the care and skill expected of a This material is provided tocompetent you as a psychologist; (b)for Macquarie University student yourresponsibility for the reasonably take individual research and study purposes only. foreseeable consequences of their conduct; You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 36 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 18  5/09/2024 General Principle B: Propriety B.3 Professional responsibility (c) take reasonable steps to prevent harm occurring as a result of their conduct; (d) provide a psychological service only for the period when those services are necessary to the client; (e) are personally responsible for the professional decisions they make; Plus more 37 General Principle B: Propriety B.4: Provision of psychological services at the request of a third party Psychologists who agree to provide psychological services to an individual, group of people, system, community or organisation at the request of a third party, at the outset explain This material is provided to you as a to all parties concerned: Macquarie University student for your (a) individual research and study the nature purposes only. of the relationship with each of You cannot share this materialthem; publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 38 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 19  5/09/2024 General Principle B: Propriety B.4: Provision of psychological services at the request of a third party (b) the psychologist’s role (such as, but not limited to, case manager, consultant, counsellor, expert witness, facilitator, forensic assessor, supervisor, teacher/educator, therapist); (c) the probable uses of the information obtained; (d) the limits to confidentiality; and (e) the financial arrangements relating to the provision of the service where relevant. 39 General Principle B: Propriety B.5. Provision of psychological services to multiple clients (a) explain to each client the limits to confidentiality in advance; (b) give clients an opportunity to consider the limitations of the situation; (c) obtain clients’ explicit acceptance of these This material is provided to you as a limitations; and Macquarie University student for your individual research and study (d) ensure purposesas far as possible, that no client is only. coerced You cannot share this material to accept these limitations. publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 40 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 20  5/09/2024 General Principle B: Propriety B.6. Delegation of professional tasks Delegates must have read code Ensure no multiple relationships between delegates and clients Assess risk of harm to clients bt delegation Delegate must be competent Oversee delegates to ensure that they perform tasks competently. 41 General Principle B: Propriety B.7 Use of interpreters B.8 Collaborating with others for the benefit of clients Cooperate with other professionals where appropriate and necessary to provide effectual service to clients This material is provided to you as a Offer Macquarie University student forsecond your opinions B.9 individual research and studyAccepting purposes only.clients of other professionals You cannot share this material publicly B.10 Suspension of psychological services online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 42 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 21  5/09/2024 General Principle B: Propriety B.11. Termination of psychological services Client no longer benefiting from services Well-being of client is paramount Reasonable arrangements for the continuity of service provision when no longer able to deliver the psychological service When client needs greater expertise than you can provide 43 General Principle B: Propriety B.12 Conflicting demands between organisation and code Guidelines for resolution of this situation B.13 Psychological assessment Use quality instruments/measures Understand and make clear to clients the This material is provided to you as a limitations Macquarie University student for your of the measures/techniques Score individual research and study and only. purposes report accurately Do not You cannot share this material compromise tests or make public publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 44 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 22  5/09/2024 General Principle B: Propriety B.14 Research Comply with NH&MRC, ARC, Universities Australia research codes, statements, guidelines and other directives; Make data available on request; Report data accurately; State previous publication of any data clearly 45 General Principle C: Integrity C.1 Reputable behaviour Don’t bring self into disrepute Don’t bring profession into disrepute C.2 Communication Honesty Correct This material is provided to you as aany misrepresentations/misconceptions Guidelines Macquarie University student for your for advertising individual research and study purposes only. Accurately portray professional qualification You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 46 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 23  5/09/2024 General Principle C: Integrity C.3 Conflict of interest Avoid multiple relationships that impair professional practice, could harm clients or lead to their exploitation; Seek advice from senior psychologist if unsure If multiple relationships are unavoidable, carefully follow all informed consent guidelines at A.3 Declare to clients any vested interests in the psychological services they deliver 47 General Principle C: Integrity C. 4 Non-exploitation C.4.1. Psychologists do not exploit people with whom they have or had a professional relationship. C.4.2. Psychologists do not exploit their This material is provided to you as a relationships Macquarie University student for your with their assistants, employees, individual research and study colleagues or supervisees. purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 48 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 24  5/09/2024 General Principle C: Integrity Psychologists: (a) do not engage in sexual activity with a client or anybody who is closely related to one of their clients; (b) do not engage in sexual activity with a former client, or anybody who is closely related to one of their former clients, within two years after terminating the professional relationship with the former client; 49 General Principle C: Integrity Psychologists: (c) who wish to engage in sexual activity with former clients after a period of two years from the termination of the service, first explore with a senior psychologist the possibility that the former client may be vulnerable and at risk of This material is provided exploitation, to you as a and encourage the former client to seekforindependent Macquarie University student your counselling on the matter; and individual research and study purposes (d) do only. as a client a person with whom not accept You cannot share this material they publicly have engaged in sexual activity. online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 50 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 25  5/09/2024 Extreme Boundary Violations Sexual contact with clients Probably the most damaging boundary violation Is never permissible in the client’s life time for psychotherapists As with APS may be permissible 2 years after the termination of treatment by some other standards (e.g., the American Psychological Association etc.) 51 Extreme Boundary Violations Sexual contact with clients Clients who are having sexual relations with their counsellor often feel/experience: Ambivalence toward their counsellor Guilt This material is provided toIsolated you as a Empty Macquarie University student for your individual research and study purposes only. Have thought disturbances, disturbances You cannot share this material publicly online without permission.to cognitive functions Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 52 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 26  5/09/2024 Extreme Boundary Violations Sexual contact with clients Clients who are having sexual relations with their counsellor often feel/experience: Identity disturbances Loss of trust Sexual confusion Unstable mood Suppressed rage Are at greatly increased suicide risk. 53 Extreme Boundary Violations Typically, a counsellor who has a sexual boundary violation with a client will be: Male and Middle aged Professionally isolated Suffering from personal distress or having a ‘mid life crisis’ This material is provided toHaving you as a marital problems Will typically Macquarie University student for your expose / self-disclose their own individual research and study purposes problems toonly. younger, female clients, making You cannot share this material publicly themselves vulnerable and gaining the sympathy online without permission. Macquarie of the client. University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 54 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 27  5/09/2024 General Principle C: Integrity C.5 Authorship Discuss early Assigned according to contribution Student’s rights Consent of contributors 55 General Principle C: Integrity C.6 Financial arrangements Honest Clear Safeguard the best interests of, and are clearly understood, by all parties avoid financial arrangements which may This material is provided to you as a adversely Macquarie University student for your influence the psychological services individual research and study purposesprovided only. No money You cannot share this material publicly charged for referrals online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 56 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 28  5/09/2024 General Principle C: Integrity Ethics investigations and concerns Cooperate with any investigations If you suspect a colleague of misconduct where appropriate, draw the attention of the psychologist whose conduct is in question directly, or indirectly through a senior psychologist, to the actions that are thought to be in breach of the Code and cite the section of the Code which may have been breached 57 General Principle C: Integrity (b) encourage people directly affected by such behaviour to report the conduct to a relevant regulatory body or the Ethics Committee of the Society; or (c) report the conduct to a relevant regulatory body or the Ethics Committee of the Society. Psychologists This material is provided to you as a do not lodge, or endorse the Macquarie University student for your lodging, of trivial, vexatious or individual research and study purposes only. unsubstantiated ethical complaints against You cannot share this material publicly online without permission.colleagues. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 58 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 29  5/09/2024 Appendices Appendices List APS guidelines publications 59 A final word This part of the lecture series is likely to be strongly examined in the final exam This is because it is very important in professional practice to understand the codes of ethical conduct that you are This material is providedundertaking to you as a to adopt when you join a profession. Macquarie University student for your individual research and study purposes only. Not knowing the rules is never accepted as You cannot share this material publicly anMacquarie online without permission. excuse for professional misconduct University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in 60 this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 30  5/09/2024 Thanks everyone! 61 This material is provided to you as a Macquarie University student for your individual research and study purposes only. You cannot share this material publicly online without permission. Macquarie University is the copyright owner of (or has licence to use) the intellectual property in this material. Legal and/or disciplinary actions may be taken if this material is shared without the University’s written permission 31