PRINTEACH_MOD1B Teaching - Principles of Teaching.pptx.pdf

PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING (PRINTEACH) Instructor EDGARDO S. NUNAG THE NATURE OF TEACHING AND PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING MODULE/LESSON 1B  Learning Outcomes/Objectives ◦Explain the nature of teaching and principles of teaching; and ◦Relate classroom practices that apply the teaching prin...

PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING (PRINTEACH) Instructor EDGARDO S. NUNAG THE NATURE OF TEACHING AND PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING MODULE/LESSON 1B  Learning Outcomes/Objectives ◦Explain the nature of teaching and principles of teaching; and ◦Relate classroom practices that apply the teaching principles. STARTER What does this quote mean?  The Nature of Teaching Welcome to the most fulfilling, rewarding, and noblest profession - teaching. Let us explore more about your future career, teaching. Definition of Teaching Etymology- comes from the Middle English word, “techen,” which means to show the truth Conceptually, it is a process of organized, purposeful, and deliberate actions designed to induce learning or desirable changes in an individual (Acero, et al., 2000). Definition of Teaching An interpersonal process or an intimate contact between a more mature and a less mature one to cause learning  Definition of Teaching Teaching is a process that facilitates learning. Facilitate comes from the Latin word facil, which means easy, so to facilitate learning means to make learning easier Example: In teaching 3+2 to grade I pupils, teachers may use popsicle sticks to represent the numerals Definition of Teaching Comprehensively, it is a profession that involves a specialized application of knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and ethics (KSAVE) designed to provide unique service to meet the educational needs of the individual and of the society (Lang & Evans, 2006). Nature of Teaching: Views about Teaching Teaching is a pre-active process. Teaching is a complex process. Teaching is a process of transmission, transaction, and transformation. Teaching is a science. Teaching is an art. Teaching is a vocation. Teaching is a mission. Teaching is a profession.  Nature/View about Teaching Teaching as a pre-active process Long before teachers come to class, they are already active when: Writing lesson plan Preparing class list Preparing IMs Constructing tests How else do teachers pre-activate themselves?  Nature/View about Teaching Teaching as a complex process Teachers assume varied roles across four phases of teaching: oPlanning phase (planner, curricularist, designer) oInstructing phase (facilitator, speaker, moderator) oManaging phase (adviser, parent, friend, coach) oEvaluating phase (assessor, evaluator)  Nature/View about Teaching Transmission Transaction Transformation ❑ Teacher-centered ❑ Learner-centered ❑ Learner-centered approach approach of approach of creating of creating activities that transmitting and activities where learners transform learners evaluating body of interact & transact w/ holistically by discovering knowledge from the teacher, students & and using their full Point A (teacher’s material to be learned in potential as learners, as head) to Point B order to construct members of society, and as (students’ heads). knowledge by connecting human beings who are their prior knowledge & conscious of their roles to experiences with new foster care for self, others, information and the environment.  Nature/View about Teaching Science Art Science & Art ❑ Teachers are ❑ Teachers are innovators ❑ Teachers are scientists and academicians and who emphasize the artists who aim to achieve craftsmen who affective domain of the learner’s total emphasize the learning, making teaching development, the cognitive cognitive and aim to satisfy the (head), affective (heart) & psychomotor heart/emotion by psychomotor (hands/body) domains of modifying the plan and ❑ “Knowing something first learning to inform making teaching more before valuing it but make the head flexible, relevant and the manner of knowing fun (knowledge) and responsive to the and enjoyable. the hands/body learners’ varied needs. parts (skills)  Nature/View about Teaching Teaching as a Vocation Originates from the Latin term vocare which means to call or a response to a call/calling from a caller (based on one’s belief/faith) Is a strong feeling of suitability for the teaching profession A teacher is committed or dedicated and selfless to endure in the teaching profession against all odds.  Nature/View about Teaching Teaching as a Vocation Let’s brainstorm! In what ways do teachers commit to the teaching profession?  Nature/View about Teaching Teaching as a Mission Originates from the Latin term “missio” which means to send or an assigned task Teaching is viewed as a reason of existence to accomplish an assigned task for the betterment of the world.  Nature/View about Teaching Teaching as a Mission Let’s brainstorm! As teachers commit to the teaching profession, what are the missions that they accomplish?  Nature/View about Teaching Vocation Mission ❑ Originates from the ❑ Originates from the Latin term Latin term vocare which missio/n which means to send means to call ❑ Means an assigned task ❑ Teaching is viewed as a ❑ Teaching is viewed as a reason response to a of existence to accomplish an call/calling from a caller assigned task for the betterment (based on one’s of the world belief/faith)  Teaching as a Profession Presidential Decree 1006 (January 16, 1977) promulgates the crucial and relevant role of teachers in shaping the future of a nation through education. Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 (Republic Act 7836) strengthens the regulations and supervision of the practice of teaching in the Philippines and thus prescribes a licensure examination for teachers.  Teaching as a Profession Has its own body of specialized knowledge Upholds service over and above personal and monetary profit For professional competency, requires continuous professional growth Establishes its own policies and standards for professional exercise Has its own unique professional organization.  Teaching as a Profession Teaching as a profession requires two major elements: Competence and a Code of Ethics (Cs) or expertise and ethics (Es) or technical and ethical standards (TE). Specific Elements: Initial Professional Education (IPE) Accreditation Licensing or Passing the licensure examination for teachers (LET) Professional Development Professional Societies/Organizations  Let’s apply! Identify the view of teaching described. 1. Teacher A conducts home visits to reach A. facilitating out to students. B. complex 2. Teacher B is a parent, a nurse, a friend, etc. C. pre-active 3. Teacher C maximizes learners’ potential to D. science help them achieve their dreams E. art 4. Teacher D makes learning interesting & fun. F. vocation 5. Teacher E follows religiously the required G. Mission standard procedure. H. job  Let’s apply. Identify the view of teaching described. 6. T F maximizes interaction in the class. I. facilitating 7. Teacher G ensures the learners’ holistic J. transmission development. K. pre-active 8. Teacher H prepares the DLPs and IMs. L. transaction 9. T F presents and discusses the lesson well. M. vocation 10. Teacher J asks follow-up questions, uses N. transformation pictures, real objects, examples, etc. O. profession P. job Principles of Teaching  Teaching Competencies A competency is a skill performed based on standards. There are many competencies expected from teachers. The demonstration of the teachers’ competencies is based on standards which are the principles of teaching. Overall, principles are general truths or guiding norms by which a process (teaching) is carried on.  Principles of Teaching ◦ These are psychological laws of learning, important educational theories, governing laws or rules of facts and generally accepted tenets. In particular, a teaching principle is an accepted or a professed rule of action or conduct of a teacher that governs teaching in order to facilitate learning (Aquino, 2001). John Dewey’s Principles of Teaching  8 Principles of Effective Teaching (JD) 1. The child is at the center of the educative process. 2. Teaching is well-planned. 3. Teaching makes learners be conscious of the learning objectives. 4. Teaching utilizes the learners’ past/previous experiences. 5. Teaching uses drill or review as an integral part of teaching and learning. 6. Teaching stimulates the learners to think and reason. 7. Teaching is governed by democratic principles. 8. Teaching makes assessment and evaluation integral parts of the teaching process.  12 Principles of Effective Teaching and Learning (Tiberius and Tipping, 1990) 1. Teacher’s must have mastery of the subject matter. 2. There should be active involvement of the learner. 3. There should be interaction between teachers and students 4. Students must be made responsible for their learning. 5. Teachers must address varied learning styles. 6. Teachers must set high expectations for the learners. 7. Learning is enhanced in an atmosphere of cooperation. 8.IMs must be meaningful. 9. Both teaching and learning are enhanced by descriptive feedback. 10. Critical feedback is only useful if the learner has alternative to pursue 11. Time plus energy equals learning. 12. Experience usually improves teaching.