History of 20th Century Architecture PDF

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY Presented by: DULPINA, GERALDIN ESPELOA, CLARISSE JANE THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY The beginning of 20th-century architecture was marked by a dramatic break from the past. The combination of new technologies, new materials, and new way...

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY Presented by: DULPINA, GERALDIN ESPELOA, CLARISSE JANE THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY The beginning of 20th-century architecture was marked by a dramatic break from the past. The combination of new technologies, new materials, and new ways of thinking about design and society led to the development of Modernism and its various submovements. Architecture in this period was shaped by a desire to create buildings that were functional, efficient, and in harmony with the modern world, marking a departure from the ornamentation and historical references that characterized earlier styles. This period set the stage for many of the architectural principles that would dominate throughout the century and beyond. ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENTS Art Nouveau Architecture (1890-1920) Art Nouveau is an international style of art and architecture that flourished from about 1890 to 1910, characterized by its use of organic forms, sculptural shapes and curved lines, floral and animal motifs, and intricate, decorative use of glass and metal. Characteristics of Art Nouveau: Organic, flowing lines inspired by natural forms like vines, flowers, and leaves. Use of iron, glass, and steel in innovative ways to create light-filled spaces. Decorative details: Stylized motifs of flora and fauna, such as insects, plants, and animals. Asymmetry: A break from traditional balance, embracing fluid and dynamic forms. Stained glass and mosaic work for colorful, artistic embellishments. Handcrafted elements, emphasizing artistic craftsmanship even in mass-produced materials  Example of Art Nouveau Architecture The Casa Batlló (Spain) Hungarian State Treasury Building (Hungary) A building with an exuberant and marine-inspired Designed by Odon Lechner, with Zsolnay façade located in the center of Barcelona, Spain. ceramic tiled doorway. Built between 1900 and It was designed by Antoni Gaudí, and is 1901, the facade of the building has ornamental considered one of his masterpieces. motifs many based on Hungarian folk life Expressionist Architecture (1910-25) Expressionist architecture is a unique and creative movement that emerged in the early 20th century, primarily in Europe. It is characterized by dramatic and expressive forms, breaking away from traditional architectural designs to provide innovative and visually striking structures. Characteristics of Expressionist Architecture: Expressing emotion through distorted forms. Emphasis of symbolic or stylistic expression over realism. An attempt to achieve new and original designs. Natural themes such as mountains, lightning, rock formations, caves, and so on. Influence of Moorish, Egyptian, Indian and other eastern architectural styles. The romantic appreciation of architecture as an art form. Examples of Expressionist Architecture Einstein Tower Goetheanum (Potsdam, Germany) (Dornach, Switzerland) Designed by Erich Mendelsohn, this solar Created by Rudolf Steiner, this building observatory features smooth curves and an showcases organic shapes and an innovative use of reinforced concrete. unconventional design that reflects spiritual ideals and community values. Functionalism Architecture Functionalist Architecture is a design approach that emerged in the early 20th century, emphasizing practical use and function over decorative elements. This style focuses on simplicity, efficiency, and the use of modern materials like steel, concrete, and glass. Adhering to principles such as “form follows function,” functionalist architecture minimizes ornamentation and creates open, flexible spaces filled with natural light. Characteristics of Fuctionalist Architecture: Austere, simple, and consistent aesthetics. Low use of ornamentation and decoration emphasizes functionality over aesthetics. Raw materials are displayed to show the function of the structure. Irregular plans: Functionalist architecture uses irregular plans, defined by the function of space foremost. Separates functions into distinct spaces. Uses new materials and construction techniques to best serve the building's purpose. Examples of Functionalist Architecture: Tugendhat Villa (Brno, Czechia) Finlandia Hall (Helsinki, Finland)l Designed by the architect Mies van der Rohe. Its Finlandia Hall is the masterpiece of the world particular value lies in the application of innovative famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. It was spatial and aesthetic concepts that aim to satisfy new designed in 1962 and built between 1967-71. lifestyle needs by taking advantage of the opportunities afforded by modern industrial production.  Bauhaus Design School (1919-1933) A revolutionary school combining art, craft, and technology, emphasizing functional design. Characteristics of Bauhaus: Form Follows Function: Design determined by intended use. Minimalism: Focus on simplicity and elimination of ornamentation. Geometric Shapes: Clean lines and geometric forms. Industrial Materials: Use of steel, glass, and concrete. Examples of Bauhaus Architecture: Masters’ Houses (Meisterhäuser) Bauhaus Building, Dessau This building served as the headquarters for the These houses were designed for the Bauhaus Bauhaus school and embodies its principles with a masters (teachers) and feature modular design functional design featuring a propeller shape, large with interconnected living spaces. They reflect glass windows, and an open layout. It integrates the principles of functionalism and simplicity that various functions—workshops, classrooms, and define Bauhaus architecture. student housing—into a cohesive structure. Beaux-Arts Architecture Beaux-Arts architecture is a grandiose, ornamental, and symmetrical style of design popular throughout the Gilded Age of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It was influence heavily from the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods, as well as the classical Greek and Roman designs. Characteristics of Beaux-Arts Architecture: feature symmetrical facades and a hierarchy of interior spaces feature elaborate ornamentation, including decorative garlands, floral patterns, and shields buildings typically have arched windows flat or low-pitched roofs interiors are often polished and lavish, including sculptures, grand sweeping stairways, ballrooms, and coats of arms utilizes classical Roman and Greek elements such as columns, cornices, and triangular pediments Examples of Beaux-Arts Architecture: École des Beaux-Arts Opéra Garnier École des Beaux-Arts building employs horizontal The façade of the Opéra Garnier, emphasized by a and vertical symmetry to create a sense of elegant pair of gilded statues on each side, and a statue of balance. The raised first story of rusticated stone Apollo, the Greek god of art, at the center is both features a central arched doorway with arched grand and opulent. At the same time, incorporating windows on either side. arched entrances on the first level and Corinthian columns on the second, the building conveys classical balance, strength, and solidity. Thank You!