Pre-Hispanic History of the Philippines PDF

Pre-Hispanic History of the Philippines Readings in Philippine History THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION  THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION Discovery The Laguna Copperplate Inscription is a historical copperplate manuscript written in the Old Javanese- related old script kn...

Pre-Hispanic History of the Philippines Readings in Philippine History THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION  THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION Discovery The Laguna Copperplate Inscription is a historical copperplate manuscript written in the Old Javanese- related old script known as Kawi. It was found at Lumban, Laguna, in the Philippines. It offers important details on the society, culture, and history of the area at that time.  THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION Discovery The inscription is believed to have been written on or around April 21, 900 CE, or Saka year 822. Most of the inscription's information relates to a debt or loan transaction  THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION Historical Content 1. Political and Socio-Economic Context: It provides evidence of early state formation and administration in the Philippines. 2. Cultural Connections: The language used in the inscription, Kawi, is related to Old Javanese and Old Malay.  THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION Historical Content 3. Trade and Economy: The mention of the debt transaction highlights the existence of an economic system involving trade, loans, and commerce in the region. 4. Naming and Social Status: The names mentioned in the inscription provide insights into naming conventions and social hierarchies of the time.  THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION Historical Content 5. Use of Writing: The Laguna Copperplate Inscription is evidence of a system of writing and record-keeping in pre-colonial Philippines. Question? In your opinion, do you think the people living in the Philippines before the Spaniards came are considered civilized? Early Philippine Society and First Spanish Contact  CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOG BY JUAN DE PLASENCIA (Costumbres de los Tagalogs) Customs of the Tagalogs (1589)- This work of de Plasencia sheds light on the culture, traditions, and way of life of the Tagalog people, who lived in the center of Luzon, the Philippines' largest island. JUAN DE PLASENCIA A Spanish Friar from the Franciscan order who was in the Philippines for most of his missionary life. He arrived with other priests in the Philippines on July 2, 1578. JUAN DE PLASENCIA Wrote several religious and linguistic books including the Customs of the Tagalogs. He died in Liliw, Laguna in 1590 THE GOVERNMENT, DATO AND THE CASTES SYSTEM GOVERNMENT The unit of government is called as BARANGAY- consist of 30-100 families, including the relatives and slaves.  DATOS Governed the Tagalogs Captains in their wars Chief of the barangay (boat in the Malay language)  CASTES SYSTEM Maharlica (nobles) Aliping Namamahay (commoner) Aliping Sa Guiguilir (slaves)  CASTES SYSTEM MAHARLICA NAMAMAHAY SA GUIGUILIR -Exempted in -They are married -They served their paying tax or and serve their master in his house tribute. master. or in his cultivated lands. -Must accompany -Accompanies his the Dato in war or master if he went -Can be sold to in anything if he away or rowed for other master. needs help. him.  Status of Child/Children 1. Maharlica + Slave (own) = child & mother became free. 2. Maharlica + Slave (another master = child(slave and free). 3. Free woman + slave = child (free).  Status of Child/Children (in marriage) 1. Maharlica + slave (namamahay or saguiguilir) = the children were divided. Odd number belongs to father and even number belongs to mother. 2. If only child- half free and half slave (or the last number is odd). Laws  Investigations made and sentences passed by the Dato. They condemned to death a man of low birth who insulted the wife or daughter of a chief. They condemned no one to slavery. Witches were killed  All other offenses were punished by fines in gold. If the culprit can’t pay - he should work until the payment should be made. Loans- there was an excess of usury. The debtor needs to pay what he loan.  INHERITANCE Legitimate children = equal inheritance. If a man had a child by one of his slave- no share from inheritance If no child – the inheritance went to the father or relatives. Marriage and Family  DOWRY (Payment) Given by the men to the woman’s parents Unmarried woman cannot own property Before birth: Has intention of marrying another (wife) = 2x dowry given to the husband  DIVORCE Has no intentions of marrying another (wife): Dowry is given back to the husband After birth of the children: the fine and dowry was given to them which was held by their responsible relatives Agriculture and Economy  The lands they inhabited were divided among the - whole barangay (as well as irrigated portion). The mountain ridges are owned in common by the barangay. No one could fish or trade in the markets without paying for the privilege, unless he belonged to the chief’s barangay or village. Religious Practices  The Worships of the Tagalogs They have the name SIMBAHAN, which means a temple or place of adoration. They have festival called PANDOT where they celebrate at the house of the chief. The whole barangay who are united and joined during the worship, they are called NAGAANITOS.  IDOLS THAT THEY WORSHIP 1.Bathala 2.Sun and Moon 3.Lic-ha 4.Dian Masalanta 5.Lacapati and Idianale 6.Buaya 7.Tigmamanuguin BALATIK MAPOLON/MOROPORO TALA THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 1.Catalonan for Luzon / Babaylan for Visayas THE DISTINCTION AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS 2. Mangagauay - a witch, pretending to heal the sick. They could prolong their lives by binding a live serpent into their waist. THE DISTINCTION AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS 3. Manyisalat - same as mangagauay. She can cast remedies to lovers that they would abandon and despise their own wives and could prevent them from having intercourse with latter. THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 4. Mangcocolam – duty was to emit fire from himself at night or more often each month which can’t be extinguished. THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 5. Hocloban - a witch also but more powerful because they can put a curse on you by just simply whispering, saluting or raising their hands. THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 6. Silagan- - if they saw anyone clothed in white, they will tear out and eat the liver or other organs of the victims. THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 7. Magtatangal – his purpose was to show himself at night without his head or entrails. THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 8. Osuang - sorcerer and they have seen him flying. THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 9. Mangagayoma - they made charms out of herbs, stones and woods for lovers. THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 10. Pangatahojan – soothsayer (predicted future by magic). THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG PRIESTS OF THE DEVILS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 11. Sonat – to help someone to die at which time he predicted the salvation and condemnation of the soul. 12. Bayoguin - “cotquean” a man whose nature was inclined towards of a woman.  GHOST 1. Vibit 2. Tigbalaang 3. Patianac Manner of Burying Deceased buried beside the house. If he were a chief, placed beneath the little house or porch that was built for this purpose.  Manner of Burying Before interring him, mourns the chief for four days then afterward laid him in a boat that will serve as a coffin or bier, a guard was kept over him by a slave. If the deceased was a warrior, a living slave is tied beneath him until the slave dies too.  Manner of Burying For many days the relatives of the deceased would bewail him, singing dirges, and praising him of his good qualities until they got weary, this is accompanied by eating and drinking. The Negritos or Aetas had a different burial: Dug deep, perpendicular hole, and placed the deceased within it, leaving in an upright position with head unburied in which they put half of the coconut to the head that will serve as a shield. For retribution, they will pursuit the Indian who killed the Negrito. SHARING: What are the Filipino superstitious beliefs about burial that you are aware of? QUESTIONS: - Are there customs mentioned in the lesson that still exists in our culture today? - Through the similarities that we observed, how does this affect your view in the pre-Hispanic part of our history?  Impact of Colonization "Customs of the Tagalogs" reflects De Plasencia's observations on the early stages of Spanish colonization and its effects on Tagalog culture, including the introduction of Christianity and changes in social dynamics  RELEVANCE OF THE DOCUMENT Through this document, we are able to acquire knowledge on the culture of the Tagalogs back then. Knowing our past gives us the sense of a national identity This document clearly shows that we already have a certain degree of civilization even before the Spaniards came.