PRCT 145 ITEMS REVIEWER.pdf

General Concepts (1-10) 10. Who must approve the ADC conditions before they are released? The Integrated and Accredited Professio...

General Concepts (1-10) 10. Who must approve the ADC conditions before they are released? The Integrated and Accredited Professional 1. What law governs the architecture profession in the Organization of Architects (IAPOA). Philippines? Republic Act No. 9266 (Architecture Act of 2004). ---------------------- Scope of Services (11-20) 2. What organization regulates the architecture profession in the Philippines? Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). 11. What factors determine the scope of services provided by an architect? The method by which the architect is selected and the 3. What does "RLA" stand for in the document? project’s complexity. Registered and Licensed Architect. 12. What are "Pre-Design Services"? 4. Define "Architect-of-Record" (AOR). Services provided before actual design, including The architect responsible for the overall project and feasibility studies, site analysis, and consultation. its legal and contractual aspects. 13. What is the "Design Development Phase"? 5. What is the primary role of the "Architect-in-Charge of A phase where the architect refines the approved Construction" (AICC)? schematic design, incorporating more details and Supervising the construction work to ensure it follows specifications. the design and specifications. 14. Define "Architectural Interiors" (AI). Design services focusing on the internal layout and 6. What is meant by "SPP" in the architectural practice? aesthetics of a building’s interiors. Standards of Professional Practice. 15. What are "Post-Construction Services"? 7. How is "Direct Selection" used in selecting an architect? Services provided after construction, like evaluating performance or overseeing final adjustments. The client selects the architect based on reputation, personal recommendation, or prior work. 8. What is "Comparative Selection" for an architect? 16. What does "SDP" stand for in architecture? A formal process involving pre-qualification, Site Development Planning. interviews, and evaluation by a selection committee. 17. What is the role of an "Architectural Lighting 9. What is the purpose of an Architectural Design Designer"? Competition (ADC)? Planning and designing the lighting scheme for a To invite various architects to submit design solutions building to enhance its functionality and aesthetics. for public or monumental projects. 18. In what type of projects are "Specialized Architectural 25. What factors influence the choice of compensation Services" typically required? method for a project? Complex projects requiring expertise in areas like Project size, complexity, and the nature of services acoustic design, lighting, or site development. provided by the architect. 19. When are "Space Planning" services used? 26. What is the "Reimbursable Expenses" clause in an architect’s contract? To organize the interior spaces of a building for optimal use and functionality. Costs incurred by the architect for travel, printing, or other project-related expenses reimbursed by the client. 20. What are "Value Management" services? Services aimed at optimizing the value of a project by 27. How are "Mixed Methods of Compensation" used? improving functionality without increasing costs. A combination of different methods (e.g., lump sum and percentage) tailored to the specific project needs. -------------- Compensation Methods (21-40) 28. What is "Hourly Billing" in architectural practice? Architects are compensated based on the number of 21. What is the "Percentage of Project Construction Cost" hours worked on a project. (PCC) method of compensation? The architect’s fee is a percentage of the total project 29. How is the "Construction Supervision Fee" calculated? construction cost. As a percentage of the total construction cost, depending on the architect’s involvement in 22. What is the "Multiple of Direct Personnel Expenses" supervision. method? Compensation based on the actual personnel hours 30. In what scenario might an architect’s fee exceed the multiplied by a factor to cover overhead and profit. originally agreed amount? When there are legitimate change orders or material 23. In which projects is "Lump Sum" or "Fixed Fee" cost increases not attributable to the architect’s error. compensation typically used? Government projects that involve extensive ------------------- paperwork and standardization. Liabilities and Legal Responsibilities (41-60) 24. Define "Per Diem" in the context of architectural compensation. A daily allowance paid to architects for attending 31. What are "Professional Liability Insurance" meetings, site visits, or conferences. requirements for architects? Architects may need to secure liability insurance for civil liabilities related to their services.  39. What is the architect’s role in "Bidding or Negotiation" phases? 32. Who is responsible for errors in design that lead to increased construction costs? Architects assist the client in preparing bid documents, evaluating contractors, and negotiating The architect may be liable for excess costs within terms. certain limits (e.g., 10% over the estimated cost). 40. When can the "Architect’s Fee" be renegotiated? 33. What is the architect’s responsibility in terms of "Intellectual Property"? If the scope of work significantly changes during the project, additional compensation may be agreed The architect retains ownership of all designs, upon. drawings, and specifications created for a project. --------------- 34. What happens if project costs exceed the agreed "Guaranteed Maximum Price"? The architect may be liable for the excess up to the Specialized Services (61-80) amount of their fee, except in cases of legitimate cost increases. 41. What services are included in "Comprehensive Architectural Services"? 35. How is a "Contractor's Liability" different from an Pre-design, design, construction, and post- architect's liability? construction services. Contractors are responsible for construction execution, while architects are responsible for the design and supervision. 42. When are "Acoustic Design" services required? In projects like auditoriums or theaters where sound quality is essential. 36. What is "Alternative Dispute Resolution" (ADR) in architectural contracts? A process like mediation or arbitration used to settle 43. What is "Site Development Planning"? disputes without going to court. Planning the layout and usage of land around a building or facility. 37. Who holds "Civil Liability" for a construction project? Both the architect and contractor may be held liable 44. Define "Post-Construction Evaluation". for design and construction errors, respectively. Assessing the performance of a completed building and making necessary adjustments. 38. What are "Consultant Fees" and how are they managed in a project? 45. What are "Promotional Services" in pre-design? Fees paid to specialized consultants (e.g., lighting, acoustics) are managed as part of the project budget. Services aimed at marketing the project to stakeholders or the public. 46. When is "Architectural Programming" used? 53. What are "Contract Documents"? To determine the spatial requirements and functions These include all drawings, specifications, and of a project early in the design process. agreements necessary for construction. 47. What is the difference between "Feasibility Studies" 54. Who is responsible for preparing the "Construction and "Pre-Feasibility Studies"? Contract"? Feasibility studies are more detailed and assess the The architect prepares the contract with input from long-term viability, while pre-feasibility studies the owner and contractors. provide initial data for decision-making. 55. What is the "Certificate of Payment" in construction? 48. How are "Urban Design" services different from A document issued by the architect that certifies the regular architectural services? amount of work completed and authorizes payment Urban design focuses on large-scale city planning to the contractor. rather than individual buildings. 56. What does "Change Order" mean in construction? 49. What is the "Architect’s Role in Sustainability"? A written order to alter the scope of work, materials, Ensuring that the design incorporates sustainable or project timeline after construction has started. practices to minimize environmental impact. 57. When should an architect issue a "Final Certificate of 50. In what projects are "Monumental Architecture" Payment"? services needed? After the project has been completed and all work has For designing large-scale civic buildings or landmarks. been verified as per the contract documents. --------------------- 58. What is the architect's role in "Project Closeout"? Overseeing the final inspections, ensuring all work is completed, and handing over the building to the Contracts and Legal Framework (81-100) owner. 51. What is the importance of the "Owner-Architect 59. What are "Performance Bonds" in construction? Agreement"? Guarantees provided by the contractor to ensure the It formalizes the contractual relationship and defines project is completed according to the terms of the the scope, fees, and responsibilities of both the contract. owner and the architect. 60. What is "Construction Supervision"? 52. What is a "Bid Document" in architectural practice? The architect’s role in overseeing the construction to A document prepared by the architect that outlines ensure it aligns with the design and specifications. the project details for contractors to submit their bids. Project Classifications (61-70) 69. What are "Group 9" projects? Alterations, renovations, and expansions of existing structures. 61. What is a "Group 1" project? Projects with simple utilization like parking structures, warehouses, and public markets. 70. Define "Group 10" in architectural projects. Projects where the architect is engaged for expert opinion or technical advice. 62. Give an example of a "Group 2" project. Office buildings, schools, or churches, which are moderately complex in design. ---------------- 63. What makes a "Group 3" project complex? Architect's Role in Construction (71-80) Projects like hospitals, airports, or convention centers that require exceptional design and engineering. 71. What is the architect’s responsibility in "Periodic Site Visits"? 64. What are "Group 4" projects? To check the progress of the work and ensure it complies with the design and specifications. Residential buildings such as single-family homes and duplexes. 72. How often is an architect required to visit the project site? 65. What are "Group 5" projects known for? Periodically, but not continuously unless specified by Monumental architecture such as museums, contract. mausoleums, and memorials. 73. What should an architect do if they notice "Defective 66. How are "Group 6" projects classified? Work" during a site visit? Repetitive construction of similar buildings, like Report it to the client and issue instructions to correct housing units with the same design. the work. 67. What is the focus of "Group 7" projects? 74. When should an architect issue a "Notice to Large-scale housing developments with multiple Proceed"? residential units on a single site. After the construction contract has been signed and all pre-construction requirements are met. 68. What is included in "Group 8" projects? Architectural interiors, built-in equipment, and special 75. What is "Construction Management" in architecture? fittings. A service where the architect manages the entire construction process, ensuring timelines, budgets, and quality standards are met. 76. What happens if an architect does not perform 83. What happens if the client delays the project? adequate supervision? The architect may be entitled to additional The architect may be held liable for any defects or compensation if the delays affect the scope or non-conformity in the construction. timeline. 77. What does "Substantial Completion" mean? 84. When is the client required to provide a "Design Brief"? The stage in the construction when the building can be occupied or used for its intended purpose, even if At the start of the project to outline the functional some minor work remains. requirements and scope of work. 78. When is a project considered "Finally Completed"? 85. What is the client’s responsibility in "Change Orders"? When all contractual obligations are met, and the The client must approve and pay for any changes to architect has issued the final Certificate of Payment. the design or construction scope that affect costs. 79. What is the architect’s role in "Dispute Resolution"? 86. What does the client need to provide for a "Feasibility Study"? Acting as a mediator or advisor in resolving construction disputes between the client and All necessary data and information about the site, contractor. potential constraints, and project goals. 80. When should "As-Built Drawings" be provided? 87. What is the client’s role in "Bidding"? After construction is completed to reflect any changes Reviewing the architect’s recommendations and made during construction. making the final decision on contractor selection. --------------------------------- 88. How is the "Owner's Representative" involved in a project? Acting on behalf of the client in making decisions and Client's Responsibilities (81-90) providing approvals during the project. 81. What must the client provide for site selection and 89. Who is responsible for obtaining building permits and analysis? approvals? A certified survey of the site, including boundaries, The client, although the architect assists in preparing grades, and existing structures. and submitting the necessary documents. 82. Who pays for specialist consultants like acoustic or 90. What should the client do if they observe an issue lighting designers? with the construction? The client, as these are separate from the architect’s Notify the architect immediately so that corrective fees. action can be taken. Architect's Rights and Intellectual Property (91-100) 98. What is the role of the "PRBoA" in protecting architects' rights? The Professional Regulatory Board of Architecture 91. Who owns the architectural plans and drawings? enforces regulations that protect architects’ The architect retains ownership unless otherwise intellectual property and professional practice. agreed in writing. 99. What is the penalty for an architect found guilty of 92. Can the client reuse the architect’s drawings for a new violating intellectual property laws? project? They may face suspension or revocation of their No, not without the architect’s written permission. license, fines, or legal action. 93. What is "Copyright Protection" for architects? 100. What are "Architect’s Instruments of Service"? Legal protection that ensures the architect’s work All the designs, drawings, specifications, and cannot be copied or used without consent. documents prepared by the architect for a project. 94. What happens if the client uses the architect’s design --- without permission? The architect may take legal action for intellectual Contractual Services and Responsibilities property infringement. 101. What is "Consulting Architect" (CA) in Philippine 95. How long does copyright protection last for architecture? architectural works? A registered and licensed architect (RLA) who The architect’s lifetime plus 50 years after their death. provides specialized architectural services or advises on architectural matters. 96. What is the "Coordination Fee" for additional services like scale models or 3D renders? 102. What is "Schematic Design" in an architect’s An additional fee charged by the architect for workflow? managing these services provided by third parties. The phase where initial design concepts and general project layout are developed. 97. What must the architect do if they find a contractor using their designs without permission? 103. Define "Architectural Research." Issue a cease-and-desist notice and seek legal Investigative work done to gather data necessary for recourse if necessary. project planning and design. 104. What does "Architect’s Guidelines" refer to in the 111. What documents are involved in the "Contract SPP? Document Phase"? The set of rules and regulations that architects must Detailed construction drawings, technical follow when determining fees, methods of service, specifications, and contract terms. and project conduct. 112. Define "Periodic Site Visits" by an architect. 105. What are "Site Selection and Analysis" services? Visits made by the architect to the construction site to Services that help the client evaluate and select the ensure that the work is progressing according to plan. most appropriate site for their project based on multiple criteria. 113. What does "Ownership of Documents" mean for an architect? 106. How does "Design Brief Preparation" assist a project? The architect retains intellectual property rights over It outlines the project’s objectives, concept, and all designs and plans created for a project. scope, serving as the basis for bidding out architectural services. 114. How do architects handle "Change Orders" during construction? 107. When are "Post-Design Services" necessary? Architects prepare new documents reflecting changes After the design phase, during construction in design or scope, often leading to adjustments in management or project oversight. compensation. 108. What is the architect’s role in "Value Management"? 115. What is "Design Development" in architecture? Ensuring that the project achieves maximum value The phase where the schematic design is refined into while minimizing unnecessary costs. more detailed and accurate drawings. 109. How is "Construction Supervision" different from 116. In what scenarios is "Bidding or Negotiation" used "Full-Time Supervision"? for projects in the Philippines? Construction supervision involves periodic site visits, When selecting contractors through a competitive while full-time supervision requires a dedicated process or negotiating directly with a preferred supervisor on-site throughout the project. contractor. 110. What is an "SPPCC"? 117. What does "Professional Fee Plus Expenses" entail? Statement of Probable Project Construction Cost, The architect receives a fixed fee in addition to which provides an estimated cost based on design reimbursable expenses for project-related costs. parameters. 118. What is "Full Time Construction Supervision"? A service where the architect or their representative is on-site full-time to oversee all aspects of construction. 119. How are "Government Taxes" handled in an 126. What does "Pre-Feasibility Study" assess? architectural contract? It provides early insights into the project’s potential Taxes imposed on the architect’s services, except viability before committing to a full feasibility study. income tax, are covered by the client. 127. What is the architect’s role in "Promotional 120. What is meant by "Project Construction Cost" (PCC)? Services"? The total cost of completing a building, including To assist in marketing and generating support for the materials, labor, and all other expenses related to project, either to the public or to stakeholders. construction. 128. Define "Consultation by Networking" in architectural 121. What are "Consultation Services" in pre-design? practice. Services where the architect provides oral or written Collaboration between an architect and professionals advice to the client, often for initial project from other disciplines to provide extended services. evaluation. 129. What is the significance of "Detailed Design" in the 122. Define "Feasibility Study" in architectural services. construction process? A detailed analysis to assess the viability of a It involves the creation of comprehensive drawings proposed development project based on economic, and specifications needed for the construction phase. environmental, and legal factors. 130. When are "Multiple of Direct Personnel Expenses" 123. What is included in the "Architectural Programming" used as compensation? phase? For tasks that are technical or administrative, such as The process of determining spatial and functional data gathering or report preparation, rather than for requirements for the project, including relationships creative work. between spaces. 131. What is "Contract Documentation and Review"? 124. What is the purpose of "Space Management Reviewing the project’s detailed plans, specifications, Studies"? and contracts to ensure they meet legal and To optimize the allocation and organization of spaces regulatory standards. within a building for efficient use. 132. What does "Post-Design Services" cover? 125. How is "Site Utilization" different from "Site It includes services provided after the design is Selection"? completed, such as construction management and Site utilization refers to how a chosen site is post-construction evaluation. developed and planned, while site selection is the process of choosing the site. 133. What does "Master Development Planning" involve? 140. Define "Historic and Cultural Heritage Conservation" in specialized services. Planning large-scale developments, like subdivisions or urban projects, ensuring the integration of all Architectural services focused on preserving and structures and facilities. restoring buildings and sites of historical or cultural significance. 134. What is the role of "Site and Physical Planning"? 141. What is "Security Evaluation and Planning" in To plan how land and open spaces are utilized in architectural services? relation to the surrounding environment and structures. Assessing and designing security systems for buildings, ensuring safety and protection. 135. What are "Acoustic Design Services"? 142. What is the purpose of "Building Systems Design"? Services focused on managing sound quality and transmission within a building or space. To integrate mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and other systems into a building design for optimal functionality. 136. When are "Architectural Lighting Design Services" required? 143. How does an architect participate in "Building In projects where proper lighting is critical for Environmental Certification"? functionality, ambiance, and energy efficiency. By ensuring that the building meets sustainability standards, often leading to certification like LEED or 137. What are the benefits of involving an architect early BERDE. in the project? Architects provide objective project analysis and help 144. What is the architect’s responsibility in "Building optimize resources and building needs early in the Appraisal" services? design process. Providing a valuation of a building’s design and construction quality, often for financial or insurance 138. How is an "Architectural Design Competition" (ADC) purposes. structured? It includes submitting design solutions by different 145. What is involved in "Forensic Architecture"? architects, with a selection committee evaluating the entries based on design excellence. Investigating building failures or defects to determine the causes and responsibility for such issues. 139. What is the responsibility of the "Professional Adviser" in an ADC? To oversee the competition process and ensure that it adheres to professional standards and guidelines. Enumeration Type Questions Methods of Selecting an Architect Owner’s Responsibilities in a Project 1. Direct Selection 1. Provide full information 2. Comparative Selection 2. Designate a representative if necessary 3. Architectural Design Competition (ADC) 3. Promptly examine documents and render decisions 4. Furnish a certified survey of the site (if required) Types of Pre-Design Services 5. Pay for architectural and engineering services 6. Pay for necessary permits and utility services 7. Arrange legal, insurance, and auditing services 8. Pay reimbursable expenses and taxes 1. Consultation 9. Notify the Architect of any issues that may impair 2. Pre-feasibility studies the project 3. Feasibility studies 4. Site selection and analysis 5. Site utilization and land-use studies 6. Architectural research Specialized Architectural Services 7. Architectural programming 8. Space planning 9. Space management studies 1. Architectural Interiors (AI) 10. Value management 2. Acoustic Design 11. Design brief preparation 3. Architectural Lighting Layout and Design 12. Promotional services 4. Site Development Planning (SDP) 5. Site and Physical Planning Services 6. Comprehensive Development Planning Methods of Compensation for Architects 7. Historic and Cultural Heritage Conservation and Planning 8. Security Evaluation and Planning 9. Building Systems Design 1. Percentage of Project Construction Cost (PCC) 10. Facilities Maintenance Support 2. Multiple of Direct Personnel Expenses 11. Building Testing and Commissioning 3. Lump Sum or Fixed Fee 12. Building Environmental Certification 4. Per Diem, Honorarium Plus Reimbursable 13. Forensic Architecture Expenses 14. Building Appraisal 5. Professional Fee Plus Expenses 6. Mixed Methods of Compensation Types of Projects Requiring Specialized Services Phases of Architectural Design Services 1. Civic or monumental projects 2. Large-scale residential developments 3. Highly technical projects (e.g., hospitals) 1. Project Definition Phase 4. Conservation or restoration projects 2. Schematic Design Phase 5. Infrastructure projects (e.g., transportation 3. Design Development Phase systems) 4. Contract Document Phase 5. Bidding or Negotiation Phase 6. Construction Phase  Types of Architectural Competitions (ADC) Architect’s Responsibilities in the Construction Phase 1. Idea competition 1. Making decisions on claims between owner and 2. Design competition contractors 3. Design-build competition 2. Preparing change orders 3. Periodic site visits 4. Issuing certificates for payments Project Classifications for Compensation 5. Conducting inspections for substantial and final completion Group 1: Simple utilization buildings (e.g., armories, warehouses) Group 2: Moderate complexity buildings (e.g., Methods for Site Selection and Analysis schools, dormitories) 1. Formulating site criteria Group 3: Exceptional character buildings (e.g., 2. Site evaluation hospitals, stadia) 3. Site analysis (e.g., environmental, legal, and Group 4: Residential projects (e.g., single-detached regulatory considerations) homes, townhouses) Group 5: Monumental buildings (e.g., museums, memorials) Services under Regular Design Services Group 6: Repetitive construction projects Group 7: Housing projects (e.g., several residential 1. Project Definition Phase units on a single site) 2. Schematic Design Phase Group 8: Extensive detail projects (e.g., built-in 3. Design Development Phase components, fittings) 4. Contract Document Phase Group 9: Alterations, renovations, or retrofits 5. Bidding or Negotiation Phase Group 10: Advisory or opinion services 6. Construction Phase Professional Fee Components Types of Reimbursable Expenses for 1. Architect’s rate per hour Architects 2. Consultant’s rate per hour 3. Technical staff’s rate per hour 1. Transportation costs 4. Reimbursable expenses 2. Per diem, living, and housing allowances 5. Multiplier for overhead and profit 3. Printing and reproduction of documents 4. Long-distance calls and communications 5. Technical and laboratory tests Stages in the Contract Document Phase 6. Licenses and fees required for the project 7. Taxes imposed on the project (except income tax) 1. Preparation of detailed construction drawings 2. Preparation of technical specifications 3. Submission of documents for building permits Stages in the Contract Document Phase 4. Updating the Statement of Probable Project Construction Cost (SPPCC) 1. Preparation of detailed construction drawings 5. Assistance in securing approvals from government 2. Preparation of technical specifications authorities 3. Submission of documents for building permits 4. Updating the Statement of Probable Project Construction Cost (SPPCC) 5. Assistance in securing approvals from government authorities  Building Systems Design Methods of Selection in Comparative Selection Building Testing and Commissioning 1. Invitation (Terms of Reference and Design Brief) Forensic Architecture 2. Pre-qualification (submission of qualifications and Comprehensive Development Planning expertise) 3. Interview (explanation of the architect’s 18. Phases of Pre-Design Services methodology) Consultation 4. Verification (site visits and reference checks) 5. Evaluation and Ranking (evaluation of architects Pre-feasibility studies or firms) 6. Negotiation (scope of services and fees) Feasibility studies Site selection and analysis Architectural research Space management studies Value management Design brief preparation Architect’s Role in Bidding or Negotiation 19. Steps in Design Development Phase 1. Preparation of bid documents 2. Organizing pre-bid conferences Preparation of detailed plans (elevations, sections, etc.) 3. Responding to bidder queries 4. Evaluating bids and contractors Outline of specifications for materials 5. Preparing an abstract of bids Coordination of structural, electrical, and mechanical 6. Assisting in negotiations with contractors systems Submission of updated Statement of Probable Project Construction Cost (SPPCC) Components of the Project Construction Cost (PCC) 20. Tools for Space Planning 1. Structural costs (foundation, frame, etc.) 2. Plumbing and sanitary costs Interviews and consultations 3. Electrical costs 4. Mechanical systems (e.g., HVAC) Focus group discussions (FGDs) 5. Elevators and escalators Space planning surveys 6. Fire protection systems 7. Communication and electronic systems Space audits 8. Fixtures and finishes Spatial layouts and stacking concepts 21. Factors to Consider in Site Analysis Types of Specialized Architectural Services (SPP Document Topography 203) Legal restrictions and zoning regulations Architectural Interiors (AI) Existing infrastructure and utilities Acoustic Design Services Environmental impact Architectural Lighting Layout and Design Adjacent land use Site Development Planning (SDP) Accessibility and transportation Historic and Cultural Heritage Conservation 22. Types of Projects Requiring Specialized Services Civic or monumental projects (e.g., museums, government buildings) Large-scale residential developments (e.g., subdivisions) Highly technical projects (e.g., hospitals, research facilities) Conservation or restoration projects (e.g., historical landmarks) Infrastructure projects (e.g., transportation systems) 23. Methods of Providing Architectural Services Individual practice (sole proprietorship) Group practice (partnership or corporation) By association, consultation, or networking with other professionals 24. Architect’s Role in Site Development Planning (SDP) Conceptualization of site layout and design Planning utility lines and infrastructure Coordination with landscape contractors (if necessary) Ensuring that hardscape and softscape elements complement the building design 25. Types of Building Systems Design Mechanical systems (HVAC) Electrical systems Plumbing and sanitary systems Fire protection and suppression systems Security and alarm systems Communication systems (e.g., telecommunication and data) Energy-efficient systems (e.g., solar panels, wind energy)