Lecture 3: Iconic Reinforced Concrete Structures PDF

**LECTURE 3: ICONIC REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES** **The following structures are iconic structure wholly or partially made up of concrete:** The Burj Khalifa in Dubai, UAE is currently the tallest building of the world. It is mostly made up of concrete. The triangular shape, setbacks and belts...

**LECTURE 3: ICONIC REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES** **The following structures are iconic structure wholly or partially made up of concrete:** The Burj Khalifa in Dubai, UAE is currently the tallest building of the world. It is mostly made up of concrete. The triangular shape, setbacks and belts every 20 stories are structural features for wind, sandstorm and possibly earthquake.  The Trump International Towers in Chicago is hailed to be the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world. The Three Gorges Dam in China is the largest concrete dam in the world. A *dam* is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams.  Shown above is the top view of the Grand Coulee Dam in USA. You can see that much thick of concrete can withstand the enormous height of water. The Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is a concrete made Christ statue which is one of the seven wonders of modern world.  The Statue of Unity in India holds the tallest statue in the world which is made up mostly of concrete. The Danyang Kunsham Grand Bridge in China is the longest concrete bridge in the world.  The Montreal Olympic Stadium in Quebec, Canada is a concrete stadium. Its tower is the world's tiltest or most inclined uninhabited structure. It is tilted for 24^O^ from y-axis. The Capital Gate in Dubai, UAE is the world's tilted inhabited building. It is tilted 18^o^ from y-axis.  The Gateway Arch in Missouri USA is made up of concrete. It is in a shape of hyperbola. The sundial bridge is a concrete bridge with only has one main support. It also serves as s sundial.  The Millenial Bridge in London, England is a moving concrete bridge.  The Portuguese National Pavilion has a concrete roof which looks like a cloth. The Gherkin in London, UK looks like a bullet.  The Shard in London, UK is a slender pyramidal building. The CCTV Building in Beijing, China is an extraordinary shaped building.  The Absolute World Towers in Canada are said to be patterned in the body of Marilyn Monroe. The Sydney Opera House in Sydney, Australia uses concrete thin shells  Another example of concrete structure using thin shells is the Lotus Temple in India. Each shell contains solar panels. The Basket Building in Ohio, USA is a reinforced concrete building.  The Agora Garden in Taipeh, Taiwan is a twisted green concrete building. The Dancing Building in Czech Republic is inspired from a dancing partner dancing the tango.  The La Lavadora in Mexico is a building in the shape of a washing machine. The old St. Paul Astra Tower in Hamburg, Germany is a brewery with only one support. It is non-existence already as of today.  Habitat 67 in Montreal, Canada is a modern cubical unit apartment. The National Center of Performing Arts in China is a hemispherical structure. Aesthetically water is added in the front to look like a complete sphere.  The Nagoya City Science Planetarium in Nagoya, Japan is a spherical structure with two supports. The Marina Bay Sands in Singapore is an example of modern architecture.  The Aldar Headquarter in Dubai, UAE is a standing circular building. The Elephant Building in Bangkok, Thailand was voted as the ugliest building in the world.  The Sao Paolo Museum of Arts in Sao Paolo, Brazil is a building that has only four supports. The Solar Ark in Japan is a building inspired from Noah's Ark. The building is covered with solar panels.  The Urban Cactus in Rotterdam, Netherland is inspired from a cactus. The Hallgrimur Source Church In Reykjavík, Iceland is a structure with extraordinary symmetrical shape.  The figure above is an example of concrete interchange. The Magdeburg Water Bridge in Germany is a bridge carrying a river and crossing a river.  The figure above is a concrete bridge carrying airplanes. The Liebian International Plaza in China is a building with a waterfall.  All of these structures can be analyzed and designed structurally using codes. In the Philippine, we are using the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015). Please have a hardcopy of this code. 1