Popular diets.pdf

Popular diets in 2024 Audrey Moyen, RD Adapted from presentation by Anne-Julie Tessier, RD, PhD § § § § § § § § Diet apps and websites Supplements/ other weight loss products § Influencers (life coaches, trainers, …) Multi-level marketing diet plans Medical programs (weight loss surgery, d...

Popular diets in 2024 Audrey Moyen, RD Adapted from presentation by Anne-Julie Tessier, RD, PhD § § § § § § § § Diet apps and websites Supplements/ other weight loss products § Influencers (life coaches, trainers, …) Multi-level marketing diet plans Medical programs (weight loss surgery, diet Rx, bariatricians,…) Low carb foods, diet soft drinks, artificial sweeteners… Intermittent fasting 5:2 • Fasting 2 days/wk (500600 kcal) • No caloric restriction on other days Modified fasting • • 500-600 kcal/day on fasting days (< 25% of energy needs) Time-restricted feeding • No caloric • restriction during the rest of the week Calories consumed during certain hours of the day Windows of time usually from 4 to 8 hours Alternate-day fasting • Withheld energy intake on fasting days • No caloric restriction on other days § § § § § § 1. 2. § § § § § Harris et al. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018 * * IER more effective than ad libitum diet (no treatment) à-4.1 kg (-6.30 to -1.99 confidence interval) Harris et al. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018 No difference in weight loss between IER and CER Harris et al. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018 Outcome Difference Significance Waist circumference (cm) -2.14 Significant Fat mass (kg) -1.38 Significant Fat-free mass (kg) -0.02 Not significant Insulin (pmol/L) -4.66 Significant Glucose (mmol/L) 0.00 Not significant Triglycerides (mmol/L) -0.03 Not significant LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) -0.05 Not significant HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) 0.03 Not significant Harris et al. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018 § § § § § § Allaf et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021; Guerrero et al. EJCN. 2017 § Alternate-day fasting (25% of energy needs on fast days, 125% of energy needs on other days) vs. Daily calorie restriction (75% of energy needs every day) vs. Control § § § § § Trepanowski et al. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2017 Weight change by diet over 12 months ADF: Alternate-day fasting DCR: Daily calorie restriction Trepanowski et al. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2017 § § § § § § § § or also bc of the fasting period § § § § § § Suggested reading: Templeman et al. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2019 Veganism Exclusions: All animal-derived foods (including gelatin, whey, casein), may exclude honey and wine Inclusions: Grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes (beans, peas and lentils), seeds and nuts. (National recommendations) § § § Karlsen et al. Nutrients. 2019 § § § § Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Acad Nutr Diet, 2016; Barnard et al. Diabetes Care. 2006 § § § § § * Huang R et al. J Gen Intern Med. 2015 § § § § § § § § § § variety of plant food is important § Paleo diet § § § Inclusions: meat (preferably grassfed), fish (preferably wild), eggs, fruits & vegetables (whole, unprocessed), nuts & seeds (except peanuts), some oils (e.g. olive) Exclusions: Processed foods, processed oils, added sugars, added salt, grains (including ancient), cereals and pseudocereals, dairy, beans, lentils, pulse/legumes, alcohol (more than 3 drinks/week) § § § § § § § § § § § Mellberg et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Mellberg et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 § § § § Manheimer et al., Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 § § § § § § § Juice cleanses § § § § § § § § stress hormone bc there’s no calories going in and no fat Klein et al. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015 § § § § § § § Day 1 § ketodiet § water soluble vitamins, fiber § lack of fiber Day 2 § § § § § § * - 1.0 kg § § Mateo et al. J Med Internet Res. 2015 § § § § § § § § § § § Semper et al. Obs Rev. 2016 § § § § § Bacon et al. Nutr J. 2011