Plumbing Tools and Materials PDF

BLDG. UTILITIES PLUMBING & SANITARY PLUMBING TOOLS  - Straight Pipe Wrench, Offset Pipe Wrench, Adjustable Wrench, Monkey Wrench, Spud Wrench, Flaring Tools, Threaders and PLUMBING Reamers, Tube Benders, Augers (Drain Cleaning Machine), Plunger, TOOLS...

BLDG. UTILITIES PLUMBING & SANITARY PLUMBING TOOLS  - Straight Pipe Wrench, Offset Pipe Wrench, Adjustable Wrench, Monkey Wrench, Spud Wrench, Flaring Tools, Threaders and PLUMBING Reamers, Tube Benders, Augers (Drain Cleaning Machine), Plunger, TOOLS Pipe Cutter - Traps (Grease / “P” / Bottle) - Water Leak / Pressure Tester  - a wrench for gripping and turning a cylindrical object (such as a pipe) usually by use of two serrated jaws so designed as to grip the pipe PIPE when turning in one direction only. WRENCH  - A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts— WRENCH or keep them from turning. STRAIGHT PIPE WRENCH - all pipe wrenches are generally used to tighten or loosen pipe joints OFFSET PIPE WRENCH - - Designed for pipes that are in tight places or at awkward angles ADJUSTABLE WRENCH - Also called an adjustable spanner or an adjustable crescent - - Used to loosen or tighten a nut or bolt MONKEY WRENCH - has an ‘F’ shape appearance - top part remains at a fixed position, while the bottom part can be maneuvered up and down using a screw mechanism.  SPUD WRENCH - specifically designed to be used with older plumbing fixtures  FLARING TOOLS - - used to connect tubes to each other or to another type of fitting. THREADERS & REAMERS - Reamers : enlarge sthe size of a previously formed hole by a small amount but with a high degree of accuracy to leave smooth sides THREADERS & REAMERS - Threaders : device for cutting a spiral ridge on the outside of a screw or the inside of a hole.  TUBE BENDERS - relatively simple tool to provide accurate and consistent bends on a variety of tubes including copper tubes, steel tubes and aluminum based tubes.  - A plumber's snake or drain snake is a slender, flexible auger used to dislodge clogs in plumbing. The plumber's snake is often reserved for difficult clogs that cannot be AUGER loosened with a plunger. It is also sometimes called a toilet jack. A plumber's snake is often used by plumbers to clear a clogged drainpipe or sanitary sewer.  AUGERS - a plumber's snake for clearing a trap and drain  - A plunger, force cup, plumber's friend or plumber's helper is a tool used to clear blockages in drains and pipes. It consists of a rubber suction cup attached to a stick PLUNGER (shaft) usually made of wood or plastic. A different bellows-like design also exists, usually constructed of plastic.  PLUNGER - tool used to clear blockages indrains and pipes. It consists of a rubbersuction cupwith an attached stick, usually made of wood or plastic.  PIPE CUTTER - tool used to cut pipes  TRAPS - device that keeps a small amount of liquid every time the fixtures is used - - retained liquid is called trap seal  P-TRAP - Most common - -used on kitchen sinks, lavatories and laundry sinks  GREASE TRAP - designed to intercept mostgreasesand solids before they enter a wastewater disposal system - - - “grease interceptor”  BOTTLE TRAP - straight and thin waste pipes with no curves or bends WATER PRESSURE TESTER - - Inspect for leaks in new installation of water pipes  - PVC Piping - - Clean Water Piping; PVC and GI (½”, 1”, 2”) Provide pictures/samples PLUMBING - - Sewage / Sanitary Piping; PVC (2”, 4” and 6”) Provide picture/samples MATRLS- Cast Iron Piping - Copper Piping - G.I. Piping - Steel Braided Hose / Flexible Hose - Vent Pipe  - Water Heaters (Electric / Gas / Point-of-use, Solar) - Teflon Tape - Shower sets (Mixing Valves and PLUMBING Heads) - Bidet / Hand showers / Hand MATRLS Sprayer  - Clean Water Piping – ½”Ф, 1”Φ, 2”Φ - PVC – PolyVinyl Chloride - CPVC – Chlorinated - PolyVinyl Chloride - PEX – Cross linked PolyEthylene. PIPING Also known as XPE or XLPE. For indoor applications only.  - Sewage and Sanitary Piping – 2”Φ, 4”Φ and 6”Φ - PVC – PolyVinyl Chloride PIPING PVC PIPING CAST IRON PIPING  - Copper Piping – ½”Ф, 1”Ф and sometimes 2”Ф. Usually used for Hot Water COPPER PIPING COPPER PIPING G.I. PIPING STEEL BRAIDED HOSE/FLEXIBLE HOSE VENT PIPE WATER HEATERS WATER HEATERS TEFLON TAPE SHOWER SETS BIDETS/HAND SHOWERS/HAND SPRAY  - Daniel C. Stillson (1826-1899), a mechanic at the Walworth Company, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, created the first BRIEF such wrench. - On October 12, 1869, U.S. patent HISTORY #95,744 was issued to Stillson.  - On 17 August 1888, the Swedish inventor Johan Petter Johansson (1853- 1943) took out his first patent on the adjustable pipe wrench. The Swedish BRIEF Patent Office issued the patent (SE 5636) again in 1894. The idea emerged HISTORY after he established his company Enköpings Mekaniska Verkstad. Back then, nut dimensions were poorly standardized, so each time a tradesman was out on a job, he needed a trolley to take a set of fixed pipe wrenches with him. Johansson's tool could grip nuts of different dimensions.  - PPR pipe means Pipe made of Polypropylene Random Copolymer (Polypropylene Random Copolymer type 3). The raw material of PPR pipe is Polypropylene Random Copolymer PIPING (PPR-C). The PPR pipes designed for the distribution of hot and cold water.  - Non-toxic and hygienic - PP-R's raw material molecules are only carbon and hydrogen elements, and there are no harmful and toxic elements. It is hygienic and reliable. It PIPING is not only used for hot and cold-water pipes, but also for pure drinking water systems. - Insulation and energy saving - Better heat resistance  - PP-R tube has a Vicat softening point of 131.5°C. The maximum working temperature can reach 95 - ℃, which can meet the requirements of the hot water system in the building PIPING water supply and drainage specifications.  - Various types of pipe fittings are available in plumbing systems for different purposes and functions. A pipe fitting is used in plumbing systems to join multiple pipes of same size or FITTINGS different sizes, to regulate the flow or measure the flow. They are made up of different materials like copper, iron, bronze, PVC, etc. - The different types of pipe fittings and their functions are explained in the succeeding slides. ELBOW PIPE FITTING - Elbows are used to change the direction of the flow between two pipes. Elbows are generally available with an angle of 22.5⁰, 45⁰ and 90⁰. If pipes are of the same diameter, then normal elbows are used otherwise Reducer Elbows are used. Elbows are made of different materials. These are generally coming with female threads and we can fix them by butt or socket welding also. REDUCER PIPE FITTING Reducer is a pipe fitting component which reduces the flow size from larger to smaller, or vice versa, by reducing size of pipe. Usually there are two types of reducers. One is concentric reducer which is like a cone shaped with gradual decreasing around the pipe but in this case accumulation of air may be possible and it results in cavitation. Other one is eccentric reducer which is having one edge parallel to connecting pipe due to which air accumulation is not possible.  TEE PIPE FITTING Tee type fitting is a component of plumbing system which is in T-shape. It is having one inlet and two outlets. Outlets are arranged at 90⁰ to the main line connection or inlet. It can also be used to combine the flow from two inlets to one outlet. They are available in different materials and different sizes. If the 3 sides of the T-fitting are similar in size then it is called as Equal Tee, otherwise it is called Unequal Tee. CROSS PIPE FITTING Cross type fittings contains 4 openings in 4 directions. These are connected when there are 4 pipes meeting at a point. These fittings generate more amount of stress on pipe as the temperature changes because they are located at the center of four connection points. Cross fittings are generally used for fire sprinkler systems COUPLING PIPE FITTING – A coupling is used to connect the pipes of same diameter. Couplings are also useful if a pipe is broken or leakage occurs. Generally there are two types of couplings are available, Compression Coupling and Slip Coupling. Compression coupling is a regular coupling which is connected between two pipes and it prevents leakage by the arrangement of gaskets or rubber seals on both sides, otherwise glue is provided. COUPLING PIPE FITTING Slip coupling is easier to install and it contains two pipes which are arranged as one into another, inner pipe can slide up to some length. So we can fix long length damaged pipe by slip coupling.  NIPPLE A pipe nipple is one of the most popular types of fittings; it’s also very important. It connects pipes to appliances such as water heaters, and connects two straight pipe runs. The nipple fitting has two male ends. Before buying a pipe nipple, it’s important to consider material, thickness, and diameter to make sure you get the correct fitting.  BARB Barb fittings are generally male at one end and have a tapered and ridged cone at the other. They’re designed to grip the inside of a tube and seal the connection. As the barb fitting is inserted, the hose or tube will first expand and then relax. When the tube or hose relaxes and goes back to its original size, the connection is sealed and becomes difficult to undo. Barbed fittings are generally used in gas, air, and fluid control applications in low pressure UNION / UNION PATENTE – A Union is a type of fitting which functions as similar to coupling. But a coupling cannot be removed after fixing, but in this case we can remove the union wherever we needed. Unions consists of nut, male and female ended threads.  ADAPTORS – if one of the two pipes are not having special / threaded ends or plain ends, then adaptors are used. These can either be male or female, dependent on the need.  PLUG AND CAP Plug – A Plug is a component of plumbing components which is generally used to close pipe opening during inspections and repairs. Plugs generally contain male threads. Cap – A Cap is a type of pipe fitting which functions the same as that of the plug, but the only difference is that the plug contains a male thread, while the cap contains a female thread which screws on the male thread of the pipe.  - It is a specific plumbing noise, not a generic name for pipe clatter. It occurs when you shut off the water suddenly and the fast-moving water rushing WATER through the pipe is brought to a quick halt, creating a sort of shock wave HAMMER and a hammering noise. Plumbing that's properly installed has air chambers, or cushions, that compress when the shock wave hits, softening the blow and preventing this hammering. The chambers can fail, though, because water under pressure gradually absorbs the air.  - If you never had hammering and then it suddenly starts, most likely your plumbing system's air chambers have become waterlogged. You can cure water WATER hammer by turning off the water behind the waterlogged chamber, HAMMER opening the offending faucet and permitting the faucet to drain thoroughly. Once all the water drains from the chamber, air will fill it again and restore the cushion. If the air chamber is located below the outlet, you may have to drain the main supply lines to allow the chamber to fill with air again.