Plumbing Lesson 5 PDF

Plumbing Plumbing ✓ The word "plumbing" comes from the Latin plumbum for lead. ✓ It is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatuses required for the water supply, heating, and sanitation in a building. Terminologies Venting System ✓ It maintains atmospheric pr...

Plumbing Plumbing ✓ The word "plumbing" comes from the Latin plumbum for lead. ✓ It is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatuses required for the water supply, heating, and sanitation in a building. Terminologies Venting System ✓ It maintains atmospheric pressure in the drainpipes where the sewer gases can build up enough pressure in the drainage system. ✓ The end pipe is connected above the roofing of the house Terminologies Drainage system ✓ Is a series of pipes connections that drain off solid and liquid waste in a building Terminologies Septic tank ✓ Is a concrete structure under the ground level designed to hold and deposit solid and liquid waste of a building Terminologies Terminologies Traps ✓ These are pipe connections attached to a system designed to prevent potentially dangerous sewer gases from entering the house Terminologies National Plumbing Code ✓ A law that provides a standard codes for plumbing whose primary purpose is to protect the health of the community against serious health hazard. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Tape measure ✓ A metallic measuring tape rolled inside a small, compact, plastic case is used to measure the dimensions of plumbing system and components. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Screwdrivers ✓ These are used to screw or unscrew various connections with the help of screws, nails, and nuts. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Wrenches ✓ These are used to hold, turn, remove, or fit plumbing pipes and fixtures. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing a. Pipe Wrench ✓ Is type of tools used for loosening and tightening pipes. ✓ This kind of tool has stationary and movable jaw that can gripe and hold the pipes during assembly of parts. ✓ The movable jaw be adjusted to fit in the different sizes of pipes to be assembled Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing b. Adjustable Wrench ✓ A type of wrench comes in different sizes and it used to loosening and tightens bolts and nuts with square or hexagonal heads. ✓ The movable jaw can be adjusted to fit in the size of the screw head. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing c. Valve seat wrench (square end, hex end) ✓ Is a special type wrench use to loosen or tighten valve seat with square end and hexagonal end. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing d. Basin Wrench ✓ A plumbing tool specifically designed to tighten and loosen basin pipes connections Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Channel-type Pliers ✓ Are commonly known by the brand name Channel-Locks. ✓ It is similar to regular adjustable pliers but have extended adjustment sections as well as angled jaws. ✓ This allows to grip pipes or other plumbing parts of almost any size. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Tube or Pipe Cutters ✓ This is a wrench-and-blade setting used to cut metallic or plastic (PEX or PVC) tubes and pipes. ✓ The head of this tool is generally adjustable according to the width of the tube or pipe. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Thread Seal Tape or Teflon Tape ✓ also known as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE tape) or plumber's tape ✓ this is a type of tape, generally white in color, used to secure the connections. ✓ The tape is wound on the threads of pipes, valves, faucets, showerheads, and other plumbing systems to make the connections tight and leak-proof. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Toilet Auger ✓ also called a closet auger or water closet auger ✓ It is used to clear clogs in toilets. ✓ It has a long metal rod with a bend for reaching into the hole at the bottom of the toilet bowl. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Toilet Auger Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Sink Auger ✓ also called a drum auger or canister auger ✓ A tool for breaking up and clearing clogs in sink and tub drains. ✓ It consists of a flexible stainless steel cable with a corkscrew tip at the end. ✓ The cable is coiled within a drum canister and is extended into a drain to reach a clog and clear it. ✓ The drum has a handle, and there's a thumbscrew that locks the cable to the canister, allowing you to turn the cable to snake it through bends in the drain pipe and to screw the cable tip into clogs to snag them and pull them out. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Sink Auger Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Sink Auger Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Flange Plunger ✓ Also called Ball or Toilet Plunger ✓ A specially shaped plunger used to clear clogs in toilets. ✓ It works like a regular plunger but has a flange—an extended rubber flap below the dome of the plunger head—that helps seal around the hole at the bottom of the toilet bowl. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Flange Plunger Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Cup Plunger ✓ It is used to clear clogs in sinks. Tools and Equipment Used in Plumbing Drainage System ✓ It refers to all the piping within the private and public premises which conveys sewage, rainwater and other liquid waste to a point of disposal. ✓ A drainage system does not include the mains of public sewer systems or a private or a public sewage treatment or disposal plant. Types of Waste 1. Solid Waste ✓ that is being discharged by water closet 2. Liquid Waste ✓ these are coming from various fixture. Parts of a Drainage System a. House Drain ✓ also called building drain or collection line. ✓ A horizontal drain in a basement that receives the waste discharge from stacks and extends a few feet outside the foundation. Parts of a Drainage System b. House Sewer ✓ also called building sewer. ✓ It a continuation of a house drain extending from a few feet outside a foundation to a connection with a public sewer in the street or alley Parts of a Drainage System c. House Trap ✓ A line of pipe run from the house side of the main trap and opening into the outer air. ✓ The use of this pipe is to prevent air lock between the fixture traps and the main trap, to bring into the system a supply of fresh air, and to aid in creating a circulation of this air through the plumbing system. Parts of a Drainage System d. Fresh-air Inlet ✓ A line of pipe run from the house side of the main trap and opening into the outer air. ✓ The use of this pipe is to prevent air lock between the fixture traps and the main trap, to bring into the system a supply of fresh air, and to aid in creating a circulation of this air through the plumbing system. Parts of a Drainage System e. Soil and Waste Stacks ✓ are installed in parallel to waste stacks to allow proper venting in a buildings Parts of a Drainage System f. Fixture Branches ✓ A drain serving two or more fixtures that discharges to another drain or to a stack. Parts of a Drainage System g. Traps ✓ a device which has a shape that uses a bending path to capture water to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings, while allowing waste to pass through. House Sewer ✓ It extends from the public sewer to the private sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure and is entirely outside the building ✓ Plastic pipe –10’ to 20’ long – 12” deep with concrete pavement ✓ 18” deep without concrete covering ✓ Slope at ¼” to every horizontal pipe Types of Drainage Pipe 1. Soil Pipe ✓ A pipe that conveys the discharge of Black water (liquids containing fecal matter) Types of Drainage Pipe 2. Waste Pipe ✓ A pipe that conveys the discharge of only Grey Water (liquid waste free of fecal matter.) ✓ A waste pipe is generally smaller than a soil pipe because of the nature of matter being discharged into the system. Stack ✓ A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste or vent piping. Theories Related to the Drainage System ✓ Water disposal becomes a problem in the drainage system if it does not function /working correctly ✓ The house drainage system does the job for the purpose of disposing and draining water carrying away solid wastes Theories Related to the Drainage System ✓ Drainage system including proper installation of venting system so that the sewer gases is facilitated to flow and draining of water waste ✓ Venting system is commonly called the “drain-waste-vent,” or DWV system. Theories Related to the Drainage System ✓ The major importance in the DWV system are the traps, the familiar U or S-shaped bends of piping under sink. ✓ Traps are designed to prevent potentially dangerous sewer gases from entering the house; each fixture must have one. ✓ The shape and position of a trap, under normal circumstances, retains water that serves as an effective seal against rising sewer gases. Theories Related to Venting System ✓ Sewer gases can build up enough pressure in your drainage that break through the water through the water seal in a trap and enter your house through a drain. ✓ The venting system is attached above the roofing of your house. Theories Related to Venting System ✓ The venting system also maintains atmospheric pressure in the drainpipes. ✓ Water running out through traps can create vacuums, causing a siphoning effect that would empty the traps of water. Theories Related to Venting System ✓ The constant presence of the circulating air throughout the drainage system maintains an equilibrium that prevents siphoning. ✓ All fixtures must be vented ✓ Each may have its own vent or may connect with a main vent through a system of secondary pipes Plumbing and Installation Techniques ✓ The drainpipes themselves lead away from all fixtures at a certain calculated slope ✓ If the slope is too steep, water will run off too fast, leaving solid particles behind Plumbing and Installation Techniques ✓ If it’s not steep enough, water and waste will drain too slowly and stay into the fixture. ✓ The normal pitch is ¼ inch for every horizontal foot pipe travel. ✓ Central to the DWV system is a soil stack, a vertical section of 3 or 4-inch-diameter pipe that carries waste away from toilets (and often fixtures) and connects with the main house drain in the basement or crawl space. Plumbing and Installation Techniques ✓ The upper part of the stack serves as a vent. Secondary vents from other fixtures can also be connected to it above the level of the highest fixture in the house (this is called re-venting or back venting). ✓ However, in many houses – especially single-story house – widely separated fixtures make it impractical to use only one stack. ✓ Instead, each fixture or fixture group has its own waste connection and its own vent. Plumbing and Installation Techniques ✓ The house drain is 3-inch, 4-inch or larger diameter pipe that collects all waste and drainage from the soil stack and other drainpipes and leads out of the house where it joins the house sewer – the underground part of the drainage system. Plumbing and Installation Techniques ✓ Cleanouts provide access to the pipes for clearing obstructions. ✓ Cleanouts should be installed in various places in the drainage system ✓ There should be one cleanout in each horizontal section of drainage line, including an outdoor cleanout for access to the house sewer. Plumbing and Installation Techniques For high hot water and high pressure gasses, the following materials and specifications are used. 1. Light-gauge copper tube Plumbing and Installation Techniques 2. Capillary fittings are suitable for the transmissions of hot and cold water, gas, compressed air and other fluids. 3. Capillary fittings are designed to give good flow characteristics which are easily taken apart and are cheaper and less bulky than compression fittings. Thank you