PLSP-CHN-BSN2-Family-and-Community-MIDTERM PDF

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO DEAN’S OFFICE College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo...

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO DEAN’S OFFICE College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City Tel No.: (049) 536-7830 Patriotism Leadership Service Professionalism Email Address: [email protected] NCM 104 : COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 Community Health Assessment (CHA) – Survey helps gather information on the health needs and concerns of a community, helping guide intervention and programs. - Is to systematically collect and analyze information about the health status, needs and issues of a community. It serves as a foundation for planning and implementing health programs and interventions. Family – refers to a group of individuals who are related by blood, marriage or adoption and who live together or share a common bond. - A unit that fosters love, care, protection, and guidance among its members. - A network of people with shared values, responsibilities and goals. Families are fundamental social units that provide emotional, financial and social support to their members. They play a key role in the development and well being of individuals and are the primary caregivers, especially in the early stages of life. Types of Family 1. Nuclear Family - A family consisting of two parents (mother and father) and their children, living together as a single unit. 2. Extended Family - A family that extends beyond the nuclear family to include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins all living together or in close proximity. 3. Single-Parent Family - A family headed by one parent either a mother or father raising one or more children 4. Blended Family (Stepfamily) - A family that forms when one or both parents enter a new relationship and bring children from previous relationship into the household. 5. Childless Family - A couple who do not have children either by choice or due circumstances such as infertility. 6. Grandparent-Headed Family - A family in which grandparents are the primary caregivers and legal guardians of their grandchildren. 7. Adoptive Family - A family where one or more children have been legally adopted by parents who may or may not be biologically related. 8. Foster Family - A family that provides temporary care for children who are unable to live with their biological parents, usually arranged by social services. 9. Same-Sex Prent Family - A family in which the parents are a same -sex couple, raising one or more children together. 10. Co- Parenting Family - A family structure where two parents, who are no longer in a relationship, share the responsibility of raising their child(ren). 11. Communal Family “Primed to Lead and Serve for Progress” Issue No. 3 0 Revision No. 2 0 Effective Date February 2023 Page No. 1 of 1  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO DEAN’S OFFICE College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City Tel No.: (049) 536-7830 Patriotism Leadership Service Professionalism Email Address: [email protected] - A group of families or individuals living together and sharing resources, responsibilities and sometimes child-rearing duties. Key Purposes of Conducting a Community Health Assessment: 1. Identify Health Needs and Priorities 2. Understand Health Disparities 3. Guide Health Planning and Decision Making 4. Support Programs Development and Evaluation 5. Promote Community Engagement and Collaboration 6. Address Environmental and Social Health Determinants 7. Comply with Public Health Standards and Regulations 8. Enhance Emergency Preparedness 9. Improve Health Equity Community Health Concerns 1. Chronic Diseases (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, cancer) 2. Infectious Diseases (e.g. tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, Covid 19, Dengue) 3. Mental Health (e.g. depression, anxiety, substance abuse) 4. Maternal and Child Health (e.g. high maternal mortality rates, malnutrition, infant mortality) 5. Substance Abuse (e.g. alcohol, tobacco, drug use) 6. Environmental Health (e.g. water contamination, air pollution, poor waste management) 7. Access to Health Care (e.g. lack of health care facilities, financial barriers) 8. Nutrition and Food Security (e.g. malnutrition, obesity) 9. Violence and Safety (e.g. domestic violence, community crime) 10. Aging population (e.g. increased prevalence of age-related diseases) 11. Health Disparities and inequities (e.g. race, income, gender or geography) 12. Emergency Preparedness (e.g. natural disasters, disease outbreak, pandemics) 13. Reproductive Health (e.g. unplanned pregnancies, STIs, lack of family planning services) 14. Occupational health (e.g. work place injuries, exposure to harmful substances) Environmental Health Issues 1. Air pollution 2. Water contamination 3. Waste management 4. Vector-borne diseases (e.g. mosquitoes, rodents) 5. Climate change 6. Occupational hazards 7. Noise pollution 8. Deforestation and land use 9. Poor housing conditions 10. Chemical exposure Types of Health Education 1. Preventive Health Education 2. Chronic Disease Management Education “Primed to Lead and Serve for Progress” Issue No. 3 0 Revision No. 2 0 Effective Date February 2023 Page No. 1 of 1  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO DEAN’S OFFICE College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City Tel No.: (049) 536-7830 Patriotism Leadership Service Professionalism Email Address: [email protected] 3. Maternal and child Health Education 4. Nutrition Education 5. Sexual and Reproductive Health Education 6. Mental; Health Education 7. Substance Abuse Prevention Education 8. Environmental Health Education 9. First Aid and CPR Training /Disaster Preparedness FORESEEABLE CRISES are events or situation that can be anticipated based on existing trends, patterns or vulnerabilities within a community or society. 1. Public Health Crises - Pandemics and Endemics - Antibiotic resistance - Mental health crises 2. Environmental Crises - Climate change - Natural disaster - Pollution 3. Economic Crises - Recession (e.g. economic downturn can lead to unemployment, increased poverty) - Supply chain disruption - Housing crises 4. Social and Political Crises - Civil unrest (e.g. political corruption, riots) - Terrorism - Cybersecurity Threats 5. Technological Crises - Data breaches - Automation and Job Displacement 6. Food Security Crises - Agricultural Failure - Water scarcity 7. Global Crises - Refugee crises - Global health issues HEALTH DEFICITS refer to gaps or shortcoming in health status, healthcare access, or health outcomes that negatively impact individuals or populations. These deficits can stem from a variety of factors and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates, lower quality of life and greater health care cost. “Primed to Lead and Serve for Progress” Issue No. 3 0 Revision No. 2 0 Effective Date February 2023 Page No. 1 of 1  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO DEAN’S OFFICE College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City Tel No.: (049) 536-7830 Patriotism Leadership Service Professionalism Email Address: [email protected] Types Of Health Deficits 1. Access to Care Deficits 2. Preventive Care Deficits 3. Chronic Disease Management deficits 4. Mental Health Deficits 5. Nutrition and Lifestyle Deficits 6. Social Determinants of Health Deficits 7. Environmental Health Deficits HEALTH THREATS are factors or conditions that pose a risk to individual or public health. These threats can arise from various sources including environmental, biological, social and economic factors. Barriers to Accessing Healthcare 1. Economic Barriers - Cost of Care - Lack of Insurance 2. Geographics Barriers - Distance to Facilities - Limited Healthcare Infrastructure 3. Transportation Barriers - Inadequate Public Transportation - Personal Vehicle Access 4. Cultural and Language Barriers - Cultural Competence - Language Differences 5. Social Barriers - Stigma (fear of judgement or discrimination) - Social Isolation 6. Educational Barriers 7. Policy and Systemic Barriers - Insurance Policy - Provider Availability 8. Administrative Barriers 9. Personal Barriers COMMUNITY HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS are closely intertwined, as nutrition plays a critical role in overall health and well being. The health of the community can significantly impact the nutritional status of its members and vice-versa. Key aspect related to community health and nutritional status: 1. Importance of nutritional status - Prevention of chronic diseases - Growth and development - Immune function - Mental health 2. Indicator of Nutritional Status “Primed to Lead and Serve for Progress” Issue No. 3 0 Revision No. 2 0 Effective Date February 2023 Page No. 1 of 1  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO DEAN’S OFFICE College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City Tel No.: (049) 536-7830 Patriotism Leadership Service Professionalism Email Address: [email protected] - Body Mass Index (BMI)-e.g. underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese - Micronutrients Level- e.g. iron, vitamin D, calcium - Dietary Patterns 3. Factor influencing Nutritional status in Communities - Socioeconomic Status - Education - Cultural Practice - Food Environment 4. Community Health Challenges Related to Nutrition - Food insecurity - Obesity Epidemic - Micronutrient Deficiencies - Poor dietary habits 5. Interventions to improve Community Health and Nutritional Status - Nutrition Education Program - Access To Healthy Food - School Nutrition Programs - Policy Advocacy 6. Community Assessment NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM (NIP) in the Philippines aims to protect the population from vaccine-preventable diseases through a comprehensive strategy that includes : 1. Routine Immunization - BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) for Tuberculosis - Hepatitis B Vaccine - Pentavalent Vaccine ( protects against Diphteria, Tetanus, Pertusis, Haemophilus Influenzae type B, Hepatitis B) - Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) - Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) for Pneumonia and Meningitis - Measles -Rubella (MR) Vaccine - Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine - HPV (Human Papilloma virus) Vaccine- for Cervical Cancer Prevention 2. Catch -Up Vaccination Programs - In response to declining vaccination rates, the NIP has initiated catch – up vaccination drives, such as the “Bakuna Eskwela “ or “School Based Immunization” Program aimed at school-aged children who may have missed routine vaccination. 3. Public Awareness and Education - The NIP includes efforts to educate the public about the importance of vaccination, addressing misconceptions and promoting vaccine confidence among parents. “Primed to Lead and Serve for Progress” Issue No. 3 0 Revision No. 2 0 Effective Date February 2023 Page No. 1 of 1  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO DEAN’S OFFICE College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City Tel No.: (049) 536-7830 Patriotism Leadership Service Professionalism Email Address: [email protected] 4. Monitoring and Evaluation - The program involves ongoing monitoring of vaccination coverage rates and disease surveillance to assess the effectiveness of the immunization strategies and respond to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. 5. Collaboration with City/Local Government Units - The NIP works closely with city/local health authorities to implement vaccination campaigns effectively and ensure access to vaccines in communities. R.A. 10152 (Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011) - Compulsory basic immunization for infants and children up to five years of age R.A. 7846 (Hepatis B Immunization Act) - this law requires the immunization of newborns against hepatis B within 24 hours of birth. P.D. 996 - This degree provided the first legal basis for compulsory immunization of children below eight years old - mandates vaccines for tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio which were later expanded under EPI. Updates: While the PD itself has not been mandated, the implementation of its provisions has been enhanced through R.A. 10152 and updated DOH guidelines for new vaccines like PCV and Rotavirus Vaccine Prepared by : Prof. BERNADETH PINILI BATOY, RM, RN, MAN “Primed to Lead and Serve for Progress” Issue No. 3 0 Revision No. 2 0 Effective Date February 2023 Page No. 1 of 1