Community Health Nursing 1 Week 5 PDF

UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION Community Health Nursing 1 Week 5 Family Health Nursing  At the end of the lesson, I should be able to: discuss the levels of clientele in community health nursing; describe the different type...

UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION Community Health Nursing 1 Week 5 Family Health Nursing  At the end of the lesson, I should be able to: discuss the levels of clientele in community health nursing; describe the different types of families; analyze the individual and the family as a system; explain why the family is the unit of service in community and public health nursing; explain the developmental stages of a family; enumerate the family health tasks; and describe a healthy family. Learning Objectives Levels of Clientele in a C/PHN  In CHN, there are four levels of clientele Individual Family Population groups Community Levels of Clientele  In CHN, there are four levels of clientele The client is viewed as a Individual biopsychosocial and spiritual being. Family The nurse provides care to cases as an individual Population with or without groups consideration of the Community family where a patient is a member The CHN deals with the individual sick or well daily. Levels of Clientele  In CHN, there are four levels of clientele Individual From a systems perspective, the family is defined as a collection of Family people who are Population integrated, interactive, groups and interdependent At the family level, the Community patient is the family Family is considered the basic unit of care in CHN. Levels of Clientele  In CHN, there are four levels of clientele Refers to people who share Individual common characteristics, developmental stages, Family and common exposure resulting in common health Population problems. groups A nurse caring for an individual must keep in Community mind the family situation A nurse conducting a class for clients is responding to the needs of a group or aggregate. Levels of Clientele  In CHN, there are four levels of clientele Defined as a collection of Individual families having common values, beliefs, common Family interests, goals, and objectives within a Population specific social system. groups Each community is unique Community because it functions within a specific socio-cultural, political, economic, and environmental context. Levels of Clientele The family as the Unit of Service Reasons why the family is a unit of service The family is considered as the natural and fundamental unit of society. It is an institution that involves the majority of the population. The family as a group generates, prevents, tolerates, and corrects health problems within its members. The family acts as the basic care provider. It is the family that works to achieve certain health goals. Reasons why the family is a unit of service The health problems of the family are interlocking. Illness in one member affects the entire family and its functioning. The family is the most frequent focus of health decisions and actions in personal care. The family is an effective and available channel for much of the community nursing efforts. Improved community health is realized only through improved health of the families.  NUCLEAR FAMILY The family of marriage, parenthood, or procreation; composed of a husband, wife, and their immediate children – natural adopted or both Types of families according to structure  EXTENDED FAMILY Consisting of three generations, which may include married siblings and their families and/or grandparents Types of families according to structure  DYAD FAMILY Consisting of only husband and wife, such as newly married couples and empty nesters Types of families according to structure  BLENDED FAMILY Results from a union where one or both spouses bring a child or children from a previous marriage into a new living arrangement. Types of families according to structure  COMPOUND FAMILY where a man has more than one spouse; approved by Philippine authorities only among Types of families according to structure Types of families according to structure  COHABITING FAMILY “Live-in” Arrangement between unmarried couples who are called common-law spouses and their child or children from such an arrangement Types of families according to structure  SINGLE PARENT “Live-in” Arrangement between unmarried couples who are called common-law spouses and their child or children from such an arrangement Types of families according to structure  COMMUNAL FAMILY more than one monogamous couple sharing resources Group of people who may live and bring up children together but may not be related Types of families according to structure  GAY OR LESBIAN COUPLES Made up of cohabiting couples of the same sex in sexual relationships with or without children Types of families according to structure  FOSTER FAMILY substitute family for children whose parents are unable to care for them Types of families according to structure  Tow important purposes of the Family To meet the needs of the society Procreation Socialization of family members Social Placement Economic function To meet the needs of the individual family members Physical maintenance Welfare and protection Functions of the Family  PATRIARCHAL full authority on the father or any male member of the family e.g. eldest son, grandfather MATRIARCHAL full authority of the mother or any female member of the family, e.g. eldest sister, grandmother EGALITARIAN husband and wife exercise a more or less amount of authority, father and mother decides DEMOCRATIC everybody is involved in decision-making Decisions of the Family  AUTOCRATIC one person, typically a parent or the head of the household, makes decisions unilaterally without seeking input or feedback from other family members LAISSEZ-FAIRE full autonomy MATRICENTRIC the mother decides/takes charge in the absence of the father (e.g. father is working overseas) PATRICENTIC the father decides/ takes charge in the absence of the mother Decisions of the Family  (cultural norms, which affiliate a person with a particular group of kinsmen for certain social purposes) PATRILINEAL BILATERAL MATRILINEAL Affiliates a both parents related through person with a the mother group of relatives who are related to him through his father Decent  PATRILOCAL family resides / stays with / near domicile of the parents of the MATRILOCAL husband live near the domicile of the parents of the wife Residence Family as a Client and as a Sytem  The family is a product of time and place- A family is different from other families who live in another location in many ways. A family who lived in the past is different from another family who lives in the present in many ways. The family develops its own lifestyle Develop its own patterns of behavior and its own style in life. Develop their own power system which either be: Balance-the parents and children have their own areas of decisions and control. Strongly Bias-one member gains dominance over the others. Characteristics of a Family as a Client  Friedman et al (2003, p 5-6) suggested reasons “The family is a critical resource” “In a family unit, any dysfunction that affects one or more family members will affect the members and unit as a whole.” Case finding” “Improving nursing care” CHN Working with Families  General Systems Theory (GST), when applied to the study of families, is often referred to as Family Systems Theory. This theory views the family as a complex, interconnected system where each member plays a crucial role. Here are some key concepts: Holistic View: The family is seen as a whole, greater than the sum of its parts. This means that individual behaviors and issues are understood in the context of the family system. Interdependence: Family members are interdependent, meaning changes or issues in one member affect the entire system. Family as a System  Boundaries: Families have boundaries that regulate the flow of information and interaction with the outside world. These can be open, closed, or somewhere in between. Feedback Loops: Families use feedback to maintain stability (homeostasis) or to change (morphogenesis). Positive feedback promotes change, while negative feedback resists change. Subsystems: Within the family, there are smaller subsystems (e.g., parental, sibling) that have their own roles and functions. Equifinality: Families can achieve similar outcomes through different paths or processes Family as a System Developmental Stages and Tasks of the Family  Duval and Miller’s developmental stages of family Stage Task Married Couple Adjusting to married life and without Children establishing a home. From the birth of the first child until Childbearing Families the oldest child is 30 months old. Adjusting to new roles as parents. When the oldest child is between 2.5 Families with and 6 years old. Socializing and Preschool Children educating young children. Family Life Cycle Theory  Duval and Miller’s developmental stages of family Stage Task When the oldest child is between 6 and 13 Families with school- years old. Supporting children’s age children. education and development. Families with When the oldest child is between 13 and 20 (Adolescents) years old. Balancing independence and Teenagers guidance for teenagers. From the time the first child leaves home Families as Launching until the last child leaves. Adjusting to Centers children becoming independent Family Life Cycle Theory  Duval and Miller’s developmental stages of family Stage Task From the empty nest to retirement. Adjusting to life without children at Middle-Age Families home and focusing on personal and marital issues. From retirement to the death of one or both spouses. Adjusting to retirement, Aging Families aging, and the potential loss of a partner Family Life Cycle Theory Family Health Tasks  According to Freeman and Heinrich (1981) 1. Recognizing interruptions of health or development. 2. Seeking health care 3. Managing health and nonhealthy crises 4. Providing nursing care to sick, disabled, or dependent members of the family 5. Maintaining a home environment conducive to good health and personal development 6. Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community and its health institutions Family Health Tasks Characteristics of a Healthy Family  According to DeFrain (1999) and Montalvo (2004) ❑ Members interact with each other; they communicate and listen repeatedly in many contexts. ❑ Healthy families can establish priorities. Members understand that family needs are the priority. ❑ Healthy families affirm, support, and respect each other. ❑ The members engage in flexible role relationships, share power, respond to change, support the growth and autonomy of others, and engage in decision-making that affects them. Traits of a Healthy Family  According to DeFrain (1999) and Montalvo (2004) ❑ The family teaches family and social values and beliefs and share spiritual core. ❑ Healthy families foster responsibility and value others. ❑ Healthy families have a sense of play and humor and share leisure time. ❑ Healthy families have the ability to cope with stress and grow from problems. They know when to seek help from professionals. Traits of a Healthy Family