Plants & People - Week 12 PDF

Week 12: Stimulating Beverages – Cocoa, Coffee and Tea Finland drinks the most coffee Brazil produces the most coffee Coffee History Seeds of Coffea arabica, native to mountains of Ethiopia Goats first discovered its stimulating effect. The boy was called Kaldi who discovered cof...

Week 12: Stimulating Beverages – Cocoa, Coffee and Tea Finland drinks the most coffee Brazil produces the most coffee Coffee History Seeds of Coffea arabica, native to mountains of Ethiopia Goats first discovered its stimulating effect. The boy was called Kaldi who discovered coffee Coffee berries eaten whole; crushed and mixed with fats. Roasting of the seeds; coffee drink- 13th century, Yemen By 1500 A.D coffee trees were widely grown in Yemen and most of the Arab world. Originally used to keep worshippers awake during long vigils; later acquired a social significance for which coffee houses were established. In 1665 Venetian traders introduced coffee to Europe and by 1700 coffee houses were all over Europe. They became also centres for commerce, arts, intellectual discourse and political debate. Though coffee is still popular in Europe, coffee houses are disappearing; tea is caffeine beverage of choice. They called them Penny Universities. 1669- 1st coffee house in N.A. opened in Boston. Unlike in Europe; meeting places for businessmen 300 years later, in 1960, there was a resurgence of coffee houses in the States. Focal points of political thoughts/social folk music. Tea History According to the Chinese legend, tea was discovered by an ancient emperor (Shen Nung) in 2737 B.C According to the Indian legend, Dharma a saintly Buddhist priest discovered tea Tea came to Europe in the mid 15th century and was formally introduced to London in the 1650. Due to its wide acceptance, by 1780 it became the British national beverage of choice. First came to the rich of North America in 1650s. Whatever the origin, today tea is the world’s most popular beverage, next to water. Everyday over 800 million cups around the globe. Tea culture; the act and art of tea making. Japanese Tea Ceremony Important Tea Facts Dried tip leaves of a small tree native to Asia. The plant flourishes in tropical climates. Harvested leaves- green, black and oolong tea. Black tea is fermented Oolong tea is partially fermented Green tea is not fermented Do a tea culture research/study for the final exam Tea culture around the world or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tea_culture Cocoa Cocoa and chocolate are made from the seeds of Theobroma cacao. Native of C/S America. For centuries, it was cultivated by the native people of Mexico Believed by the Aztec people that cacao beans were given by gods; named it ‘food of the gods’. The natives used the beans as money. Chocolatl (spicy beverage)-chili pepper + vanilla Spanish modified the somewhat bitter chocolatl. Not available to the rest of Europe until 1650; when it competed with tea and coffee. 1828 - Dutch chemist developed a way of removing the fat or cocoa butter. 1847 - a British company added cocoa butter and sugar to the ground beans to make chocolate. This marked the creation of the first chocolate bar Uses of Cocoa Chocolate - a beverage Cocoa butter which is used in many products. Ex: soaps, lotions, etc. Other uses: confections e.g. candy bars, cake, Other Caffeine Beverages Coca-cola -an all-American drink developed in 1886 by Dr. J.S Pemberton. Seeds of the kola tree (Cola nitida)- W. Africa; Relative of the cocoa tree, pods- about 8 seeds. High caffeine; stimulant, appetite depressant Other caffeine beverages are consumed around the world by local populations. Central and South America- Brazil and Peru- Physiological Effects of Caffeine Speeds up the heartbeat Increases the blood pressure Psychological effects of Caffeine Alleviates fatigue and drowsiness Promotes alertness and endurance Uses of Caffeine Found in: most over-the counter prescription drugs Side Effects of Caffeine Insomnia Birth Defects Infertility All the above effects are generally known as “caffeinism” Withdrawal Related Symptoms Lack of coordination and concentration Nervousness and irritability Questions: 1. Which country drinks the most coffee? A) Brazil B) Finland C) United States D) Ethiopia Answer: B) Finland 2. Which country produces the most coffee? A) Vietnam B) Ethiopia C) Brazil D) Colombia Answer: C) Brazil 3. According to legend, who discovered the stimulating effects of coffee? A) An Ethiopian shepherd named Kaldi B) A Venetian trader in 1665 C) An Arabian merchant D) A Chinese emperor Answer: A) An Ethiopian shepherd named Kaldi 4. When did the roasting of coffee seeds to make coffee drinks first occur? A) 1500 A.D. in Yemen B) 13th century in Yemen C) 1665 A.D. in Italy D) 1700 A.D. in England Answer: B) 13th century in Yemen 5. What was the original purpose of coffee in Yemen? A) To keep worshippers awake during long vigils B) To be used as a money currency C) To serve as a social beverage D) To treat illnesses Answer: A) To keep worshippers awake during long vigils 6. Which of the following is NOT true about early coffee houses in Europe? A) They were centers for commerce and political debate. B) They became known as "Penny Universities." C) They were introduced by Venetian traders in 1665. D) They only served coffee and no other beverages. Answer: D) They only served coffee and no other beverages. 7. In what year did the first coffee house open in North America? A) 1600 B) 1700 C) 1669 D) 1750 Answer: C) 1669 8. What is the name of the beverage that the Aztecs made using cacao beans? A) Chocolatl B) Cocoa Brew C) Aztec Spice D) ChocoLatte Answer: A) Chocolatl 9. When did cacao first reach Europe? A) 1500 B) 1600 C) 1650 D) 1700 Answer: C) 1650 10. Who developed a method to remove cocoa butter from cacao beans in 1828? A) A Spanish chemist B) A British chemist C) A Dutch chemist D) A French chef Answer: C) A Dutch chemist 11. When was the first chocolate bar created? A) 1828 B) 1847 C) 1650 D) 1900 Answer: B) 1847 12. What is NOT a common use of cocoa butter? A) Soap B) Lotions C) Fuel D) Chocolate products Answer: C) Fuel 13. What is the main stimulant found in cola drinks? A) Theobromine B) Kola nut C) Caffeine D) Sugar Answer: B) Kola nut 14. What is a known psychological effect of caffeine? A) Causes fatigue B) Decreases alertness C) Alleviates fatigue and drowsiness D) Leads to depression Answer: C) Alleviates fatigue and drowsiness 15. Which of the following is NOT a side effect of caffeine? A) Insomnia B) Birth defects C) Increased fertility D) Infertility Answer: C) Increased fertility 16. Which of the following withdrawal symptoms can occur when someone stops consuming caffeine? A) Lack of coordination and concentration B) Improved focus and energy C) Calmness and relaxation D) Increased alertness Answer: A) Lack of coordination and concentration 17. Tea is often described as the world's most popular beverage after which liquid? A) Coffee B) Milk C) Water D) Juice Answer: C) Water 18. Which of the following is true about green tea? A) It is fermented. B) It is partially fermented. C) It is not fermented. D) It is made from dried flowers. Answer: C) It is not fermented. 19. The Japanese Tea Ceremony is an example of: A) A political gathering B) A religious ritual C) Tea culture D) A historical tradition Answer: C) Tea culture 20. Which of the following is a primary ingredient in making chocolatl, the Aztec beverage? A) Vanilla B) Cacao beans C) Sugar D) Green tea Answer: B) Cacao beans 21. What is the physiological effect of caffeine on the heart? A) It slows down the heartbeat. B) It speeds up the heartbeat. C) It has no effect on the heartbeat. D) It causes irregular heartbeats. Answer: B) It speeds up the heartbeat. 22. What was the main use of cacao beans for the ancient people of Mexico? A) Religious ceremonies B) Currency C) Decoration D) Medicine Answer: B) Currency 23. Which of the following types of tea is NOT fermented? A) Green tea B) Black tea C) Oolong tea D) All types of tea are fermented to some degree Answer: A) Green tea 24. Which of the following is a side effect of caffeine commonly known as "caffeinism"? A) Increased metabolism B) Insomnia C) Increased height D) Loss of appetite Answer: B) Insomnia 25. What is the main ingredient in most of the popular caffeinated sodas, like Coca-Cola? A) Cacao beans B) Kola nuts C) Tea leaves D) Coffee beans Answer: B) Kola nuts