Plant Science Chapter 4.pdf

9/8/2023 Chapter 4—Classifying and Naming Crops Key Concepts Agronomic use, nutritional use, life cycle, and climate adaptation Three categories of crop classification are agronomic, bioenergy, and nutritional use Plants are scientifically described using two-part scientific names Taxonomy is a syst...

9/8/2023 Chapter 4—Classifying and Naming Crops Key Concepts Agronomic use, nutritional use, life cycle, and climate adaptation Three categories of crop classification are agronomic, bioenergy, and nutritional use Plants are scientifically described using two-part scientific names Taxonomy is a system of organizing plants Agronomic Crop Categories Agronomy study of crops/plants (soil environment production of · - Cereal crops Cereal crops – grasses that produce edible grain /whats your cereal Grain – plants Grain crops Crops where seed is harvested in (includes top: bottom categories) Pulses – legumes grown Pulses for their seeds all the beans) , Cereal Crop · · crops , ex : oats wheat, , Grain Crops : Cereal" rye , barley pulse crops , , ar rice , corn , surgure anything that · produces an edible seed Pulses : peanuts lima beans , pinto beans , 1 9/8/2023 Agronomic Crop Categories (continued) Forages – crops whose vegetation is used for livestock feed Fiber crops – plants whose harvested portion is fiber Root and tuber crops – harvested for their starch-rich underground storage organs Agronomic Crop Categories (continued) Cover crops – used to prevent soil erosion Companion crops – planted with another crop Agronomic Crop Categories (continued) Green manure crops – incorporated while vegetative to add nutrients or enhance soil quality Recreational turf crops – used for lawns and sports fields 2 9/8/2023 Bioenergy Crops Describes production of energy from biological systems Renewable energy source 80% U.S. energy is from nonrenewable sources Sources of Energy Consumption in the United States Petroleum 36% Natural gas 33% Coal 10% Nuclear 8% Biomass 5% Wind 4% Hydroelectric, geothermal, solar 4% Types of Biofuel Crops (Ch. 5) Starch-based ethanol – Corn is the leading crop in the United States – 15.4 billion gallons produced in 2022 Cellulosic ethanol – Currently no large-scale production Biodiesel – Produced from soybean and canola – 1.6 billion gallons produced in 2022 http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=90&t=4 3 9/8/2023 Nutritional Use Categories Sugar crops Oil crops Protein crops Starchy seed crops Starchy root and tuber crops Naming Plants Common names Scientific names – Binomial nomenclature – Genus and species – Soybean = Glycine max L. – Wheat = Triticum aestivum L. – Potato = Solanum tuberosum L. Appendix 1, page 629 Taxonomy System of organizing all life based on genetic or morphological characteristics Two main classes 4 9/8/2023 Taxonomy (continued) Numerous Families – Poaceae – Fabaceae – Cucurbitaceae – Asteraceae Table 4-5, page 98 Examples of Taxonomical Classification Classification Corn Alfalfa Kingdom Plant Plant Division Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Class Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Order Cyperales Fabales Family Poaceae Fabaceae Genus Zea Medicago Species mays sativa 5