Planning 2 Midterms PDF

PLANNING 2 - MIDTERMS Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwnnrh NOTES NI NUX -------------------------- ---------------------------- 1. Buildings...

PLANNING 2 - MIDTERMS Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwnnrh NOTES NI NUX -------------------------- ---------------------------- 1. Buildings 2. Public Spaces ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN 3. Streets 4. Transport 5. Landscaping - How buildings should look like BUILDINGS - Heritage Ordinance - Urban Spaces - Consider the use, people, & other means, furniture, interests, inclusivity, functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability PUBLIC SPACES - should be timeless, practical "welcoming" -LUNGS OF A CITY - connects people, services, and transportations - consider utilities (for sense of security) STREET - VEINS OF A CITY - connects landmarks, etc. TRANSPORT - Traffic=incurable due to population growth - Consider the types of plants (maintenance) LANDSCAPING - Softscape & Hardscape 1. Character 2. Continuity and Enclosure 3. Public Realm (of a Place) PRINCIPLES OF URBAN DESIGN 4. Ease of Movement 5. Legibility 6. Adaptability 7. Diversity - enhance street, view, etc. - creates a sense of place CHARACTER - no blank slate - has to be protected - "Continuity" extends to the streets CONTINUITY AND ENCLOSURE - every structure is extended/connected to streets - Connects to People EASE OF MOVEMENT - way finding (maps, etc.) - projecting clear image (vistas, landmarks, focal point) LEGIBILITY - provide distinct character ADAPTIBILITY - place should be flexible for different events DIVERSITY - mixture of compatibility 1. Technician Administrator 2.Performing Political Roles 3. Advocate & Guerrilla 4. Communicator / Technician 5. Project Manager & Implementor 6. Project and Program Evaluator ROLE OF PLANNER 7. Social Reformer 8. Facilitator 9. Innovators 10. Mobilizers of Resources 11. Techno Crafts & Information Provider 12. Regulator & Development Control Coordinator 13. Political Advisor/Minister 1/6 PLANNING 2 - MIDTERMS Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwnnrh 14. Designing Visionary 15. Adviser on National & Sectoral Policies - traditional role of a planner - government projects TECHNICIAN ADMINISTRATOR - Politicians should delegate authority/roles - support for politics A. MOBILIZER - allies of government, politicians, & media B. MEDIATORS PERFORMING POLITICAL ROLES - apply personal expertise in analyzing issues, facts, and future problems - develop proposals to address problems - manipulator of conflicting groups C. ENTREPRENUER - supports plans by gathering resource and funding projects - represent a certain, group, interests, & principle - Advocacy planning (social justice, minority, and agent for positive ADVOCATE AND GUERRILA change) - Public Participation - Seek Equity between growth and development - well versed in planning literature, guidelines, and laws for to educate the public COMMUNICATION / TECHNICIAN - help clients set goals, develop plans & implement policies - help people engage discussions - public & private projects at a district or regional level - Monitor projects and proposed measure of solutions PROJECT MANAGER & IMPLEMENTOR - advise improved methods for project design, management, and implementation - skill in applying methodologies - comfortable in social techniques and methods in interacting with people - community participation through interactive displays: 1. Street stall 2. Community Opinion 3. Gaming PROJECT & PROGRAM EVALUATOR 4. Reconnaissance trick 5. Briefing Workshop 6. Models / Scale models 7. Art Workshop 8. Idea / Design Competition 9. Electronic Map 10. Open House - Surveys and Questionnaire (statistician for surveying) - improving, managing, enhancing, etc. - instrument of social change SOCIAL REFORMER - self-sufficient using community organizations to create a sense of place - architect as consultant FACILITATOR - interpret planning guideline to actual field activities - prepare urban renewal programs & policies INNOVATORS 2/6  PLANNING 2 - MIDTERMS Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwnnrh - advices to maximize G. Roof Level (lowest to highest class) - land development projects - manage and lead public meetings - bridges urban and rural institutions and NGOs MOBILIZERS OF RESOURCES - utilize community members (community as workers, "bayanihan" / self-help system) - data & info provision TECHNO CRAFT & INFORMATION PROVIDER - advancement of IT & GIS - in charged of building permit, provisions, standards, revisions of REGULATOR & DEVELOPMENT CONTROL COORDINTOR laws POLITICAL ADVISOR / MINISTER - can handle environmental issues (considers everything) - beautification of cities DESIGNING VISIONARY - bridges architecture & planning - fill the city with color, texture, space, furnishing, etc. ADVISER ON NATIONAL & SECTORAL POLICIES - advise the public about developments SPACE=PLACE - definition, meaningful - series of emotions - establishing sense of place is a response -how you "generally" fell about the place - how you sense a place & assign meaning to it - can be Positive or Negative (different perception) SENSE OF PLACE - can be Tangible and Intangible (5 senses) 1. Sense of Touch = Texture 2. Sense of Sight = Interactive 3. Sense of Taste & Smell = Plants, Kiosk - consider emotions (use of psychology of colors) - dynamic 1. Visual 2. Cultural 3. Social CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSE OF PLACE 4. Environmental - gives a sense of security - provide sense or belongingness - character of a place - associated to urban design GENIUS LOCI - sum of physical & symbolic values in nature & human environ- ment Place Attachment - emotions Place Dependence - functional attachment due to carried out goals/activities THE WAY PEOPLE USE & UNDERSTAND A PLACE Place Identity - cognitive connection between a person and a place - being part of a social capital (interaction between people, socia- ble area) 1. Know your neighborhood 2. Spend time in a place HOW TO CREATE A SENSE OF PLACE 3. Establish activities 4. It should make your mind work 3/6  PLANNING 2 - MIDTERMS Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwnnrh 5. Think about your senses 6. Have sense of community SENSE OF PLACE PPT ------------------- ---------------------------- - response to an environment - defining oneself SENSE OF PLACE - Feeling of perception held by people - Human Attachment, belonging 1. SINGLE LOCATION - a focus on a specific, defined location BASIC ELEMENTS IN A SENSE OF PLACE 2. ECOLOGICAL DISTINCTIVENESS - distinctive qualities of the natural world at that location 1. VALUE - personal and ecological value of the place 2. BOND PLACE ATTACHMENT - affection for and personal identification 3. LOYALTY - determination to protect and often a desire to live there a long time 1. ALIENATION - a sense of being cut off from nature LACK OR LOSS OF PLACE 2. DEPRIVATION - the person has 'emptiness', through this is often unrecognized 1. KNOW THE NEIGHBORHOOD - ecological and I facts about the place HOW TO DEVELOP A SENSE OF PLACE 2.SPENDING TIME - all the knowledge in the world can't substitute for spending time in the place - link between the tangible as buildings and objects and the intan- gible as our memories and imaginations HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 1. opportunity for sharing knowledgably the past 2. active involvement in heritage-type activities 3. a site whichsupports other kinds of unrelated interactions McMillian & Chavis - active, engaged communities that people want to visit , and where members contribute on a regular basis SENSE OF COMMUNITY Elements: 1. Membership 2. Influence 3. Fulfillment of needs 4. Emotional connection MEMBERSHIP -defines who is in the community and who is out - 'my voice counts' INFLUENCE - speak, other listen and often acts on advice FULFILLMENT OF NEEDS - people belong to communities to satisfy one or more needs - shared history and shared participation and identification with EMOTIONAL CONNECTION that history, and a deeply felt connection between members IMAGE OF A CITY PPT-------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- 1. BUILDINGS 2. PUBLIC SPACES 4/6  PLANNING 2 - MIDTERMS Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwnnrh 3. STREETS AND TRANSPORT ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN [Kevin Lynch] 4. LANDSCAPE - most pronounced elements of urban design [shape and articulate space] BUILDINGS - WALLS OF A CITY - history, image, architectural styles of a city - groups of buildings work together to create a sense of place - LIVING ROOM OF A CITY PUBLIC SPACES - where people come together to enjoy the city and each other - connection between spaces and place, as well as being spaces themselves - defined by their physical dimension and character STREETS - pattern of the street networks, makes each city unique - Main street, Overpass, Skyway, Esplanade - focal point for shops and retailers in the central business MAIN STREET - reference to retailing and socializing OVERPASS - introduce confusion to call a pedestrian bridge or footbridge - long, open, level are, usually next to a river of large body of water, ESPLANADE where people may walk - 'Green' part of the city LANDSCAPE - define the character and beauty of a city and creates soft, contrasting spaces and elements KEVIN ANDREW LYNCH - American urban planner and author - ease with which people understand the layout of a place CONCEPT OF LEGIBILITY - understand the layout of the city 1. Create Identity at each location, different from all others. 2. Use of landmarks to provide orientation cues and memorable locations. 3. Create well-structured paths PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE WAYFINDING: 4. Create regions of differing visual characters 5. Don't give the user too many choices in navigation 6. Use Survey views 7. Provide signs at decision points to help wayfinding decisions 8. Use sight lines to show what's ahead 1. constructed in space, but of a vast scale 2. described with it's surroundings and elements 3. explains hat people's perception of the city is important 4. going through a city from the viewers mind is "Image of the City" KEVIN LYNCH SAYS THAT: [city] 5. elements like nodes, paths, districts, edges, landmarks make a city 6. to make a visual plan (map) 7. understand problems, opportunities, and use them in designing a city - quality of physical object, which gives a observer a strong vivid image - instantly recognizable CONCEPT OF IMAGEABILITY - elements placed in good form, increase human ability to see and remember patterns and it is these patterns which make easier to learn - contents of the city images so far studied, which are referable to physical form, can conveniently be classified into five types of IMAGIBILITY elements 1. Paths 5/6  PLANNING 2 - MIDTERMS Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwnnrh 2. Edge 3. District 4. Node 5. Landmarks - each holds a unique image of his or her city, a visual represen- PUBLIC IMAGE tation - a person's perception of the world is known as a MENTAL MAP - familiar routes followed - channels which the observer customarily occasionally, or poten- tially moves PATHS - continuity depends on: 1. Width 2. Gradient 3. Activity - dividing lines between districts EDGES - linear not used or considered as paths by the observer - boundaries and linear breaks in continuity - areas with perceived internal homogeneity DISTRICTS - "inside of", recognizable as having some common, identifying character - center of attraction that you can enter, concentrations - points, strategic spots in a city into which an observer can enter, NODES and which are the intensive foci to and from which he is travelling - primarily JUNCTIONS - 'point of reference' external LANDMARKS - simply defined physical objects - connect the parts of cities and help shape them, and enable movement throughout the city. TRANSPORT - activity nodes tended to be AGGLOMERATED and urban forms COMPACT 1. Collective Transportation (Public Transit) CATEGORIZES OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION 2. Individual Transportation 3. Freight Transportation COLLECTIVE TRANSPORTATION (PUBLIC TRANSIT) - modes such as tramways, buses, trains, subways, and ferryboats - modes where mobility is the outcome of a personal choice and INDIVIDUAL TRANSPORTATION means such as the automobile, walking, cycling and the motorcy- cle FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION - dominant center of production 1. traffic congestion and parking difficulties 2. Longer commuting 3. Public transport inadequacy CHALLENGES FACING URBAN TRANSPORTATION 4. Difficulties for non-motorized transport 5. Loss of public space 6. Environmental impacts and energy consumptions 7. Accidents and safety - evaluated in terms of identity, what makes this particular image MENTAL MAPS unique among cities, structures 6/6