Photosynthesis PDF

PHOTO- SYNTHESIS REVIEW 1. What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical C. reaction? CATALYST A. reusable C. catalyst B. specific D. fragile REVIEW 2. With what 3 letters do C. enzymes typically end? -ASE A. –ose...

PHOTO- SYNTHESIS REVIEW 1. What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical C. reaction? CATALYST A. reusable C. catalyst B. specific D. fragile REVIEW 2. With what 3 letters do C. enzymes typically end? -ASE A. –ose C. –ase B. –ese D. -tic REVIEW 3. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph? A. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6. B. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8 C. The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0 D. The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0. REVIEW 4. Which refers to any substance that is acted upon by C. an enzyme? SUBSTRATE A. Coenzyme C. Substrate B. Vitamin D. Polypeptide REVIEW 5. Which substance are enzymes primarily made of? C. A. nucleic acids C. proteins PROTEINS B. lipids D. carbohydrates REVIEW 6. What is the function of an enzyme? A. Enzymes break themselves into small pieces B. Enzymes slow down chemical reactions C. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions D. Enzymes combine products to form reactants REVIEW 7. Which organisms capable of making their own food? C. A. Prokaryotes Autotrophs B. Eukaryotes C. Autotrophs D. Heterotrophs REVIEW 8. Which of the following is known as the biological energy B. currency of the cell? ATP A. Glucose B. ATP C. ADP D. Glycerol REVIEW 10. In the same amount, which of the following provides the B. most energy in our body? ATP A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins D. Nucleic acid REVIEW 9. Which of the following is known as the biological energy B. currency of the cell? ATP A. Glucose B. ATP C. ADP D. Glycerol  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the discussion, you will be able to: 1. explain how energy is absorbed by plants through pigments; 2. explain the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments; 3. describe the major features and chemical events in photosynthesis; 4. list the main structures involved in photosynthesis, tabulate the reactants and products and location of each specific process/event; and 5. explain the importance of photosynthesis in an ecosystem.  OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION 01 02 03 04 OVERVIEW MAIN PARTS SUMMARY STRUCTURES  Eliciting Prior Knowledge Anticipation Reaction Guide Before starting the lesson, mark whether you agree (+) or disagree (-) with each statement below. After completing the lesson, you may revise (if needed) your answer by writing it on the third column. Before Statements After 1. All living cells need energy to function. 2. Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy. 3. Photosynthesis occurs in plants only. 4. The end products of photosynthesis are glucose, oxygen and ATP 5. The mitochondrion of the plant is the site of photosynthesis How plants and animals get the energy they need?  What is Photosynthesis? PHOTOSYNTHESIS The process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. The process by which plants make food, using energy from the sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar. PHOTOSYNTHESIS (GIF) What is the purpose of Photosynthesis? To make food for plant (in a form of glucose, a form of sugar)  Why photosynthesis is important to us? ✓ We cannot make our own food (glucose, energy), we must get our food from plants. Plants are the first step in the food chain ✓ The oxygen released during photosynthesis is necessary for all living things to exist. Photosynthesis powers 99% of Earth’s ecosystems  DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS PHOTOAUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS “self-feeders using light” “other feeders” organisms that are capable of performing photosynthesis; organisms that rely on they use light to manufacture sugar produced by food photosynthetic organisms plants, algae, cyanobacteria for their energy needs animals, fungi, most other CHEMOAUTOTROPHS bacteria organisms that are able to produce their own source of food and energy prokaryotic organisms  MAIN STRUCTURES  WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS? MESOPHYLL STOMA CHLOROPLAST Middle layer of leaf where the process MESOPHYLL of photosynthesis occurs STOMA  STOMA MESOPHYLL Small and regulated openings where gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs Typically located at the underside of the leaf; helps minimize water loss CHLOROPLAST THYLAKOIDS An organelle where photosynthesis takes Disc-shaped place structures within the (photoautotrophs) chloroplast In plants, chloroplast- Contains/embeds containing cells exist in chlorophyll the mesophyll CHLOROPLAST  CHLOROPHYLL Other terms A pigment that is Pigment - molecule that absorbs light responsible for the Granum - stack of initial interaction thylakoids between light and Thylakoid lumen - plant material internal space enclosed by thylakoid membrane What are pigments? PIGMENTS Reflect or transmit certain wavelengths they cannot absorb; affecting how they appear to the human eye Photosynthetic Pigments Found in plants and algae: Chlorophylls Five Major Chlorophylls: a, b, c, d, and the bacteriochlorophyll Chlorophyll a and b are found in higher plant chloroplasts Carotenoids Larger groups of pigments; resides in the thylakoid membrane; absorbs excess energy and safely dissipate that energy into heat; commonly found in fruits  What are the raw materials used in Photosynthesis? ✓Carbon dioxide (C02) from the air ✓Water (H2O) from the soil ✓Solar energy from the sunlight What is the main product created during Photosynthesis? ✓Sugar in a form of Glucose(C6H12O2)  What are the waste products (by products) created during Photosynthesis? ✓Water (H20) ✓Oxygen (O2) These two are released into the air through the stomata  What is the chemical formula of photosynthesis? Carbon Water Sugar Oxygen dioxide sunlight CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2 CHEMICAL EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS What is the chemical formula of photosynthesis? Carbon sunlight Water Sugar Oxygen dioxide 6 CO2 6 H 2O C6H12O6 6 O2 CHEMICAL EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS What are the sequence of events takes place during Photosynthesis? 1. Sunlight is absorbed by the chlorophyll in chloroplast 2. The solar energy is then used to split apart water (H2O) molecules into hydrogen and oxygen 3. Then, during a series of chemical reactions, hydrogen (H) joins with carbon dioxide (CO2) to form sugar called glucose (C6H12O6) 4. In the process of making sugar, two by products are formed, water (H2O) & oxygen (O2). Neither of the two is no longer needed by the plants. 5. These by-products leave the plant when they are released into the air through stomata  FACTS ABOUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS FACT #1 It is the energy of sunlight that powers the process of photosynthesis FACT #2 The process of photosynthesis “mostly” only happens in plants (along with algae and some bacteria) FACT #3 Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast, inside the plant cells. In most plants, this occurs in the outermost layer of the leaf(on the top part), though for a few other plants, like cactus, photosynthesis can happen in the cells that are on the stem SUMMARY  PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Transformation of light energy into chemical energy - Uses CO2 and H2O to assemble carbohydrate molecules and release oxygen as a waste product into the atmosphere - Powers 99% of Earth’s 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ecosystems  PAUSE AND THINK Which organelle in the cell does photosynthesis? Chloroplast – creates products for energy What conversion energy of energy takes place? Light energy (sunlight) to chemical energy (glucose) What organisms do photosynthesis? Autotrophs - means self-feeder 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Revisiting the Anticipation Reaction Guide Before starting the lesson, mark whether you agree (+) or disagree (-) with each statement below. After completing the lesson, you may revise your answer by writing it on the third column. Before Statements After 1. All living cells need energy to function. Agree 2. Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical Agree energy. 3. Photosynthesis occurs in plants only. Disagree 4. The end products of photosynthesis are glucose, Disagree oxygen and ATP 5. The mitochondrion of the plant is the site of photosynthesis Disagree Assignment 1. Explain the importance of photosynthesis in the ecosystem ANY QUESTIONS? Otherwise, thank you for listening! SOURCES INFORMATION Vibal “General Biology 1” book https://www.britannica.com/science/photosynthesis#:~:text=Photosynthesis%2C%20the%20process%20by%20which,and%20energy%2Drich%20organi c%20compounds. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/photosynthesis-in-plants/the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis/a/light-and- photosynthetic-pigments#:~:text=The%20types%20of%20radiation%20on,different%20wavelength%20and%20energy%20level. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cellular-energetics/photosynthesis/a/light-dependent- reactions#:~:text=The%20light%2Ddependent%20reactions%20use,the%20reduced%20electron%20carrier%20NADPH.&text=There%2C%20energy%20is% 20transferred%20to,energy%20level%20(forming%20P680*). https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/5%3A_Microbial_Metabolism/5.01%3A_Types_of_Metabolis m/5.1B%3A_Chemoautotrophs_and_Chemohetrotrophs https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/5%3A_Microbial_Metabolism/5.12%3A_Biosynthesis/5.12C%3 A_The_Calvin_Cycle https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-biology1/chapter/the-calvin- cycle/#:~:text=In%20stage%201%2C%20the%20enzyme,carbon%20atoms%20from%20CO2. https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/envirobiology/chapter/2-4-energy-enters-ecosystems-through-photosynthesis/ https://www.britannica.com/science/photosynthesis https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/overview-of-photosynthesis/ VIDEO CNUBiochemistry (YouTube, 2014): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hUxKPSNTl0 SOURCES PHOTOS https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/plants-sun-eco-icon-vector-simple-element-illustration-ui-concept-infographic-white-background- 147397093.jpg https://www.incluedu.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2016_atempo_kahootn-1024x768.png https://photosynthesiseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Photosynthesis-Illustration.jpg https://art.pixilart.com/3672c411f90e21c.gif https://mocah.org/uploads/posts/1119522-illustration-green-cartoon-island-floating-flower-screenshot-computer-wallpaper-ecosystem-biome.png https://www.freevector.com/uploads/vector/preview/29553/banana_leaf-03.jpg https://www.microscopemaster.com/images/Leaf_Tissue_Structure.svg.png https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/yQu28iddjyYW8zHlUPjmgUdjRC6V9sI23aeRFsBaOlDO39pylEkpvIvXjFsqEcSg5lxY0-h7WGN- PO6wrSkCfhG36JAe42xAm2NPxFf6kejXLVxODp6_QUPg8hb4zBcr https://cdn1.vectorstock.com/i/1000x1000/94/40/image-of-photosynthesis-vector-8839440.jpg https://www.differencebetween.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Difference-Between-Photosynthesis-and-Cellular-Respiration_.Figure-1.png https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/edu_wavelength_large.png https://justledus.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Reflects-and-absorbs.-Spectrum-of-Colors-and-Sunlight_50012931_l.jpg https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/27c5e928745dbde12550494315ec70253091eee5.png https://www.simply.science/images/content/biology/cell_biology/photosynthesis/conceptmap/Photosynthetic_pigments2.gif https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/4E- CRupEkOun3BMgZhcQlQ55Cp4muj2sBnV8AHpod3qBGzbtGhQTjfhU0GaWF8mTDngN3Q5uOELk8WBYZ7qIexGPB1WiVbnhmU6nFtV8yzJeStPaRYeaPdHbag https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/1950/2017/05/31183536/figure-08-01-06.jpeg https://www.edrawsoft.com/templates/images/photosynthesis.png https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/1950/2017/05/31183539/figure-08-02-07ab.png https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/4c9fbc7e4f158fd4bf3e1114e9a7ebe47d08f020.png