Philosophy PDF

 Philos (Love) & uses human reason to Sophia (Wisdom) INVESTIGATE the ultimate Love for wisdom causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.  Uncovering truth through systematic argumentation and theory Give emphasis on rea...

 Philos (Love) & uses human reason to Sophia (Wisdom) INVESTIGATE the ultimate Love for wisdom causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.  Uncovering truth through systematic argumentation and theory Give emphasis on reason rather than faith For a Greek to be called wise – must know lots of things from various learnings. Love for learnings(Most notable characteristics of Greeks)  The Pre-Socratics = first philosophers Thales Considered the Father of Western Philosophy Earliest philosopher to inquire about the world Explain the composition of things and the changes in the physical reality  SOPHISTS They were teachers who traveled throughout Greece and taught people who wished to learn. Taught young people in a wide array of subjects: grammar, mythology, political virtue, and rhetoric Excellent public speakers Eristic = way of argumentation to win arguments  PHILOSOPHOS(LOVERS OF WISDOM) They believed that teaching is more than training people to win arguments. Arguments and discussions must be based on sound reasoning. Belief “Man need not know all things in the world, but one must continue to inquire and seek to understand and learn about the human condition.”  Water = the ultimate composition of all things All things take nourishments Heat as being generated and maintained by the amount of moisture in an object.  Student of Thales All things are created and emerged from an indefinite and boundless realm called apeiron(no boundaries)  Young associate of Anaximander Followed Thales’ view of matter being created from a single element Believed that air makes up all things Different elements and substances are merely phases of air. Air as the source of life  Mathematician and Scientist Pythagorean theorem devoted to the study of religion and philosophy  LOGOS (Higher order plan) Change is permanent. “No man ever steps on the same river twice”  Causes of natural phenomena Theorized that all material bodies are made up of indivisibly small “atoms”  An advocate of simple and virtuous life “Walk the Talk” Emphasis on austerity and simplicity Cynicism(Seeing only bad things) and Stoicism(Being calm & almost without emotion)  Life of Happiness EPICUREANISM(a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result to a life free from fear and pain)  Made contributions to the field of ethics. Not wiser but only a “midwife” Live a life of virtue SOCRATIC METHOD  His teaching and writings were considered the foundation of Western Philosophy. “Theory of Forms”(idealism) Dialectic method of inquiry Academy  Disagree with Plato’s theory of forms in interpreting reality All ideas and views are based on perceptions and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceived. Formulated a formal process of analyzing reason by using DEDUCTIVE REASONING Lyceum  Framework -Define as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs of a person Questions dealing with our Seek to question the very own correctness and values frameworks upon which people base their own beliefs and views  PHILOSOPHY THAT DEALS WITH BEAUTY LOOKS INTO THE NATURE OF A MAN AND WHAT MAKES THINGS BEAUTIFUL DEALS WITH CORRECT REASONING DISCUSSES THE NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING  STUDIES GOVERNMENTS AND DEALS DEALS WITH MORAL QUESTIONS AND WITH QUESTIONS OF JUSTICE ,POWER DILEMMAS AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS DEALSS WITH QUESTIONS REGARDING REALITY AND EXISTENCE  Philosophy is a reflective and meditative activity. Philosophy is a way of exercising critical thinking.