Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person PDF

***[INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON ]*** ***[2nd Quarter Reviewer]*** **Transcendence** refers to the ability to surpass our limits. **Subject** is an observer and an ***object*** is a thing observed. **Intersubjectivity** the interaction between the Self and the Other is rela...

***[INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON ]*** ***[2nd Quarter Reviewer]*** **Transcendence** refers to the ability to surpass our limits. **Subject** is an observer and an ***object*** is a thing observed. **Intersubjectivity** the interaction between the Self and the Other is related to the philosophical concept of? it is the condition of man, a subject, among other men, who are also subject. **Economic efficiency** it refers to prudence in decision-making regarding the use of resources to ensure that there is minimum to zero waste. **Availability** it is willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another. **Speechifying** it refers to one\'s talking past another. It is hearing without listening to what one says. **Authentic Dialogue** it is a form of interpersonal communication wherein individuals acknowledge that they are part of a greater whole **Biocentrism** it is the view that not only humans and animals, but also plants should be morally considerable. **Person** refers to a human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities and dignity above all. **Social** It refers to the life of a group bound together by common experiences and reactions. **Social Influence** it occurs when one\'s emotions, opinions or behaviors are affected by others. **Prudence** it is the ability to govern and discipline oneself with the use of reason; it is having caution and giving good judgement in making decisions. **Self- awareness** it refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself including his thoughts, emotions, identity and actions. **Imposition** it is telling the other how he or she should act, behave and respond to the things. **I-it** it refers to the world of experience and sensation where there are objects. **I-Thou** it is a concrete encounter without any qualification or objectification of another. **First level** it refers to the simple awareness of the Self about the existence of the Other. **Voluntariness** if a person is able to act his/her own free will and self-determination **Physical Freedom** this refers to the absence of any physical restraints. **Circumstantial Freedom** it is the liberty to accomplish an action without interference from obstacles. **Metaphysical Freedom** It is the power to choose among genuine alternatives. **Animal Domestication** the principal means of subsistence of pastoralists is Hunting and gathering the oldest and the most basic way of economic subsistence. **Virtual society** it is the product of the post-industrial society. **Empathy** It refers to the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. **Industrial society** the society based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services. **Feudal Society** the society based on the ownership of land. **Purpose** it can guide life decisions, influence behavior, shape goals, offer a sense of direction, and create meaning. **Life** it is the aspect of existence that processes, acts, reacts, evaluates, and evolves through growth. **Death** it was simply equated to the stopping of heartbeat and breathing. it refers to the separation of the soul and body. **Reincarnation** the view that after death human beings live again in other forms. **Loneliness** it refers to the feeling of emptiness or hollowness inside you. **Happiness** is a state of being (over all physical condition of a person), not just only an emotion or decision. **Suffering** it is a kind of suffering that refers to discomfort, hunger, stress, and pain it is generally viewed as a state of feeling discomfort or pain. **Mental Suffering** it is a kind of suffering that includes depression, anxiety, fear, loneliness, and grief. **Noble good** is one which is pursued for its own sake, example is love and friendship. **Pleasurable good** is good so long as it provides pleasure **Happiness** from material objects Happiness at the first level is simply about sensual gratification based on things / something external. This kind of happiness can be intense but is short-lived. People focusing exclusively on level 1 risk to hit a crisis where life seems shallow and without meaning. MODULE 6: INTERSUBJECTIVITY **Intersubjectivity** - It refers to the shared awareness and understanding among persons. It is made possible by the awareness of the self and the other. CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RELATIONS **Dialogue** It is a deep and genuine relationship between persons **Empathy**-It is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another **Communirazation** - It is a social process wherein the community of other people are seen as embedded within the self. **Availability** It is the willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of one another. **TWO TYPES OF RELATIONSHIP** **I-IT Relationship** - a person views the other as an object to fulfill his or her needs. **I-THOU Relationship** - involves a person who acknowledges the \"***[whole]***\" in the other person and views his or her partnership as relational rather than experiential. **TWO LEVELS OF SELF-OTHER INTERACTION** **First Level** this refers to the simple awareness of the Self about the existence of the Other **Deeper Level** this refers to the awareness of the Self as being seen by Others **TYPES OF PAIN OR SUFFERING** 1**. Physical- pain** derived from a \"***[physical cause (body)]***" 2**. Mental**- refers to discomfort, dysfunction, or distress of the mind 3\. **Emotional**- is the result of the actions of others. Other times, it might be the result of regret, grief, or loss. 4\. **Psychological**- is a state of emotional suffering associated with stressors and demands that are difficult to cope with in daily life. Think about this\... \"You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honour.\" **Aristotle** MODULE 7: HUMAN PERSON AND THE SOCIETY **Society -** A complex of groups in reciprocal relationships. **Hunting-and-gathering** these are small, simple societies in which people hunt and gather food. Because all people in these societies have few possessions, the societies are fairly egalitarian, and the degree of inequality is very low. **Horticultural** - societies grow crops with simple tools **Pastoral-societies** raise livestock and animal domestication. **Agricultural** - these societies grow great numbers of crops, thanks to the use of plows, oxen, and other devices. **Feudal** these societies contained a strict hierarchical system of power based on land ownership **Happiness** is a state of being (over all physical condition of a person), not just only an emotion or a decision. **➤ PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT ON HAPPINESS** For **Aristotle**, the most notable of the metaphysical philosophers, happiness is the highest desire and ambition of all human beings. In his opinion, the way to reach it is ***[through virtue]***. **Epicurus** was a **Greek philosopher** who contradicted metaphysical philosophers. In contrast to their beliefs, he did not believe that happiness came only from the spiritual world, but rather that it also had a great deal to do with ***[earthlier dimensions]***. According to **Nietzsche**, to live peacefully and without anything worries is the desire of mediocre people who ***[do not give any greater meaning to life]***. Nietzsche disagreed that \"happiness\" could be a constant state of wellbeing. **Authentic Dialogue** Is a form of interpersonal communication wherein individuals acknowledge that they are part of a greater whole and that they resonate with others within the whole. **Deep and genuine** relationship between persons. ➤ **OBSTACLES TO DIALOGUE** **Seeming** it involves deliberately playing up or hiding aspects of yourself to appear more desirable or impressive. **Speechifying** - it refers to one\'s talking past another, hearing without listening. **Imposition** - It is telling the other how he/she should act, behave, and respond to things. ➤ **KINDS OF GOOD** 1**. Noble good** is one which is pursued for its own sake, example is love and friendship 2\. **Useful good** is found only from what it can provide, example is money etc. 3\. **Pleasurable good** is good so long as it provides pleasure. **Suffering** is generally viewed as a state of feeling discomfort or pain. It can come in the form of physical suffering when one experiences bodily pain. Example, injury or it may be a mental suffering when it involves our minds and emotions, such as depression or loneliness. **Industrial societies** feature factories and machines. They are wealthier than agricultural societies and have a greater sense of individualism and a somewhat lower degree of inequality that still remains substantial. **Post- industrial** these societies feature information technology and service jobs. Higher education is especially important in these societies for economic success. ➤ **Social influence** occurs when one\'s emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others. **MODULE 8: HUMAN PERSON TOWARDS IMPENDING DEATH** **Death** means the end of life, the physical cessation of life. If this definition is known to us all, it can be enlarged. Indeed, in its medical sense, it is the end of brain function defined by a flat electroencephalogram.